J SEA 2005

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1 * / remembering interpretive labor Abstract Blending oral and written history, this article portrays politics of difference and memory found in intimate domestic service relationships in the North Sumatran city of Medan, Indonesia. By examining two sets of oral histories as told by former employer and domestic workers, this ** University of California, Santa Cruz [email protected] / / Ang Buiskool Wee

2 128 article demonstrates how these narrators perform class and racial identities via processes of remembering and story telling. It also shows how memory production through food and other tactile memories provides an inroad to the history of the construction of Chinese Indonesian identity in Medan. In sum, seeing remembering as an interpretive labor, this article examines the intimate relations between history, personal memory, class and racial formation, and thus provides a multi layered interpretive framework for the studies of intra household dependency and domestic work. Keywords Domestic Service, Chinese Indonesian, Identity Formation, Oral History, Tactile Memory Dave Medan batik 1 Dave Dave 1 angbau, kongsi

In sum, seeing remembering as an interpretive labor, this article examines the intimate relations between history, personal memory, class and racial formation, and thus provides a

3 Dave Where is my baby! Where is my baby! Dave 岀 Dave Dave 强 care by proxy ~2 2 orang Indonesia hoanna orang Tionhoa, orang Cina denlan

4 130 / Dave Dave Dave social life tactile memories 3 3 Ann Laura Stoler 2002 Marcel Proust madeleine [ ] Benjamin , 214 Stoler the non eventful and the senses Stoler excess tactile memories, memories of the concrete Stoler p p164 8, p p170 p194 6

Stoler the non eventful and the senses Stoler excess tactile

5 remembering interpretive labor lapcuai siucu wayang ikan asing Ang whiskey Ang Ahsam Ahsam Ang Ang my ahsam

6 132 Ang Ang Ang ahsam Ang Hailam 5 Ang Ang cabokan 6 Ang cabokan Ang cabokan 1870 Deli Ang plantation estate Teochiu Gongfu Hakka Ang 7 Ang cabokan Ang slave cabokan Ang Cabokan muijai Maria Jaschok 1988 Rubie Watson 1991 muijai Watson p p38 9 Ca bau kan, cabokan concubine maid nyai ` see Taylor 1996 nyai cabokan cabokan nyai cabokan 7 Ang cabokan Anthony Reid 1930 Sumatra Reid

Jaschok 1988 Rubie Watson 1991 muijai Watson p233 1998 1992 p38 9 Ca bau kan, cabokan concubine maid

7 8 Ang Ang Slave girls slave girls YL Ang slave girls slave girls slave girls slave girls YL ahsam Ang ahsam Deli coolie Dollar land of Deli Green gold 10 Hennesy Ang Deli In the olden days Ang Deli asham Ang ahsam cabokan Ang Reid 1979, p38 43, 58 9 Stoler p14 5

Deli Green gold 10 Hennesy Ang Deli In the olden days Ang Deli asham Ang ahsam

8 Ang Ang Ang Ang YL Ang [ ] Ang cabokan slave girls cabokan YL Ang angpau! slave girls muitsai slave girls temquat temquat Ang cabokan temquat temquat 12 Ann Stoler non event

9 centered 13 Ang cabokan cabokan Ang racialized body Ang boundary marker Ang Ang cabokan ahsam Hailam Ang 14 Ang Ang Ang remembering Ang cabokan Ang Ang

10 136 ahsam 15 cabokan ahsam Ang Ang cabokan ahsam Ang Ang purification Ang 16 Ang Ang slave girls Khoe Tjin Tek 15 Ang cabokan servants Ang servants servants cabokan Ang muitsai ahsam Ang cabokan servants servants ahsam cabokan 24 Ang Ang Ang 16 Ang Ang Ang narrative effect

servants Ang servants servants cabokan Ang muitsai ahsam Ang cabokan

11 slave girls Tjong A Fie Tjong A Fie slave girls 17 Tjong A Fie Khoe Tjin Tek Major Ang Khoe Tjong Ang 戯 Ang coolie food ahsam 19 cabokan 20 Ang cabokan ahsam Ahsam Ang Ang Major Tjong A Fie Tjong Yong Hian Tjong A Fie Tjong A Fie Khoe Tjin Tek Buiskool Ang 20 Bagan si api api terasi Butcher Bagan si api api 4,400,000 19% p96

Major Tjong A Fie Tjong Yong Hian 1850 1911 Tjong A Fie Tjong A Fie Khoe Tjin Tek 1898 1942 Buiskool

12 138 Ang carnivalesque Ang ahsam ahsam Ang ahsam boundary creature 21 Ang Ang boundary marker boundary object Ang ahsam ahsam ahsam 22 Ang ahsam YL Ang / boundary creatures or boundary objects Bowker and Star 1999 / / / / 22 Ang ahsam ahmah? Ang ahsam Constable 1997 Chin 1998 ahmah Constable ahmah Constable ahmah ahmah p40 42

creatures or boundary objects Bowker and Star 1999 / / / / 22 Ang ahsam ahmah?

13 YL Ang YL Ang Ang Ang 1930 Deli Ang Ang Ang Deli orang Indonesia= orang asli = pribumi orang cina= orang asing =non pri Ang 25 Charles Coppel 1987: J.A.C. Mackie 1976.

orang cina= orang asing =non pri 1950 25 23 24

14 140 Smail 1968 Airriess Ang Ang Ang Aceh Wee Ang Wee Langdang 27 Wee Pin Wee Wee Wee Wee Wee Wee Wee Pin 26 Chinese Chinese 27 Langdang Langdang langdang 3 5 langdang langdang lanadang 3 langdang langdang langdang langdang langdang langdang Langdang 1 6 langdang

Langdang Langdang langdang 3 5 langdang 1 3 3 langdang 3 3 1 lanadang 3

15 Wee 28 Wee Wee Wee Mega Mega Wee Wee Banda Aceh Padang Sibolga 29 Wee baktaoka 30 Wee nyonya baba nyonya Padang Sibolga 30 Cina Padang Cina Sibolga Baktaoka baktaoka Cina Padang baktao bakka Cina Padang bak bataoka baktaoka

nyonya Padang Sibolga 30 Cina Padang Cina Sibolga Baktaoka

16 ikan pepes sarong YL = Wee = kan kan 32 YL Wee ~~~~ 33 Wee Wee Wee Kan Kan?

17 34 Wee Wee 1957 Wee Wee Wee langdang langdang Wee Wee 歩 Wee Wee langdang Wee langdang Wee langdang 34 Wee Wee

18 144 Wee Wee langdang WF langdang (= ) WF= [ ] YL WF supermarket kan YL WF kan aja (= ) [ ] kuno = 35 Wee Wee WT YL WT Wee

19 WT! YL WT B r u n e r , Cunningham 1958 Wee Ang Ang Wee Wee Ang Ang Wee k a d a n g k a d a n g b a i k, kadang kadang sombong! Ang Wee langdang langdang langdang Wee langdang ahsam Ang langdang Wee PP 10 Mackie

20 146 Ang Wee Wee Wee Jl. Sun Yat Sen 38 Padang Bulan Kesawan Padang Bulan Kesawan becak WF kan = becak = YL WF = becak [ ] YL SY!! Mangga Dua Jakarta kan Pekan baru 38 Jl. Sun Yat Sen 1965 Jl. Sun Yat Sen

Kesawan becak WF 3000 1000 kan = becak = YL 3000 1000

21 Jadi kan 39 Wee ` 40 triumphant narrative [ ] Jadi Jadi = Jadi ( ) 40

22 148 jadi [ ] 41 Wee Wee Wee = Wee Wee Wee

23 42 Wee nyonya Wee cabokan ahsam Wee feminization of housework Wee 2004 Ang Wee langdang 42 re Sinicization 1900 Wee Ben Anderson Pheng Cheah 1998, 2000

24 150 i n t i m a c y d e s i r e d a n d feared Ang Ang Ang dis engaged intimacy as nostalgia Wee intimacy overcome and re inscribed Judith Butler performance achieved Ang Wee < > 43 Marita Sturken

25 Airriess, Christopher 1995 Port Centered Transport Development in Colonial North Sumatra. Indonesia, Anderson, Benedict 1998 Spectre of Comparisons. New York Verso. Benjamin, Walter 1969 Illuminations. Hannah Arendt ed. New York Schocken Books. Bowker, Geoffrey C. and Susan Leigh Star 1999 Sorting Things Out Classification and its Consequences. Cambridge MIT Press. Bruner, Edward 1961 Urbanization and Ethnic Identity in North Sumatra. American Anthropologist, Buiskool, Dirk A Medan a Plantation City on the East Coast of Sumatra Paper presented at the 1st International Urban Conference, Surabaya, 23rd 25th 2004 Butcher, John 1996 The Salt Farm and the Fishing Industry of Bagan Si Api Api. Indonesia, Cheah, Pheng 1998 Spectral Nationality The Living of the Postcolonial Nation in Neocolonial Globalization. Boundary 2, Chinese Cosmopolitanism in Two Senses and Postcolonial National Memory In V. Dharwadker ed. Cosmopolitan Geographies. New York Routledge. pp Chin, Christine B. N Service and Servitude Foreign Female Domestic Workers and the Malaysian "Modernity" Project. New York Columbia University Press. Copple, Charles 1987 Indonesian Chinese in Crisis, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. Constable, Nicole 1997 Maid to Order in Hong Kong Stories of Filipina Workers. Ithaca, N.Y. Cornell University Press. Cunningham, Clark 1958 The Postwar Migration of the Toba Bataks to East Sumatra. New Haven Yale University, Southeast Asia Studies. Jaschok, Maria 1988 Concubines and Bondservants The Social History of a Chinese Custom. Hong Kong Oxford University Press. Mackie, J. A. C "Anti Chinese Outbreaks in Indonesia, " in Mackie, J. A. C. ed. The Chinese in Indonesia Five Essays. Honolulu University Press of Hawaii in association with Australian Institute of International Affairs. pp Reid, Anthony 1970 Early Chinese Migration into North Sumatra in Social History of China and Southeast Asia, Nicholas Tarling et al ed. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. pp The Blood of the People. Oxford Oxford University Press.

26 Smail, John 1968 The Military Politics of North Sumatra December 1956 October1957. Indonesia Stoler, Ann Laura Capitalism and Confrontation in Sumatra's Plantation Belt, Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule. Berkeley University of California Press. Sturken, Marita 2001 Absent Images of Memory Remembering and Reenacting the Japanese Internment in Fujitani et al ed. Perilous Memories the Asia Pacific War s. Durham Duke University Press. pp Taylor, Jean Gelman 1996 "Nyai Dasima Portrait of a Mistress in Literature and Film" in Laurie Sears ed. Fantasizing the Feminine in Indonesia. Durham Duke University Press. pp Watson, Rubie S Wives, Concubines and Maids Servitude and Kinship in the Hong Kong Region, in Rubie Watson and Patricia Buckley Ebrey ed. Marriage and Inequality in Chinese Society. Berkeley University of California Press. pp

Microsoft Word - 蔡宴霖

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