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1 101/3, pp C * 楊靜利黃奕綺蔡宏政王香蘋 KAP VIII Apgar Apgar NSC H

2 population quality %

3 85 population quantitytraits racism : : Hsia, 2007: 55 85; 2004: : : :

4 86 表 1: 年外籍配偶結婚人數按國籍分 % % % % % % % % % % % 2007b2008b

921 1850 3176 10567 17182 385 28134 452 751 1936 3139 14167 10703 418 25288 506 579 2129 3214 13900 6371 445 20716 361 276 523 1160 6242 3568 120 9930 621 468

5 :

6 88 表 2: 年嬰兒出生數按母親國籍分 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , moi.gov.tw/stat/month/m1 02.xls 2011/8/ % % 2004a 2004b

75 28,666 13.25 2005 179,345 87.12 26,509 12.88 2006 180,556 88.31 23,903 11.69 2007 183,509 89.77 20,905 10.

7 : % 38.11% 2004a : ,000 10,000 2, a8 4ffe 8b ba doc

3 1 1,000 10,000 2,500 http://www.tcchb.gov.

8 : 2 10 Abbasi-Shavazi and McDonald, 2000: ; Fu, 2008: ; Johnson, 1979: ; Sly, 1970: ; Suwal and Trovato, 1998: 69 86; Terry et al., 1987: Johnson 1979: Suwal and Trovato 1998: Fu 2008: Chinese-White Indian-White 2001: % 46.2%

9 : : : % : : : Chen and Chin, 2008 Yang and Wang, 2003: : :

10 92 Tomashek 2006: Terry 1987: Tomashek et al., 2006: ; 2006: Mustillo et al., 2004: ; Zuberi, 2001: Terry et al., 1987: Collins 2004: Tomashek 2006: Terry 1987:

, 2004: 2125 2131; Zuberi, 2001: 569 571 Terry et al.

11 : : : Yang and Wang, 2003:

12 KAP VIII a , ,487

13 , , a , ,800 13, selection bias 表 3:2003 年外籍與大陸配偶生活調查狀況調查與 2008 年外籍與大陸配偶生活需求調查之母體與樣本 , , , , ,909 13, a 1998 KAP KAP KAP9 KAP10 KAP

年外籍與大陸配偶生活需求調查之母體與樣本 2003 2008 287,059 407,487 240,837

14 96 Yang and Tsai, KAP ,

15 97 tempo effect /4/ , ,237 15,

16 98 表 4: 年齡別生育率總生育率及一般生育率按母親原屬國籍分,2007 年𥺦𤧹𡞰𦉡𤧹𡞰𦉡𤧹 a96

1326 47 45722 2602 57 884 89 101 35 39 648355 22287 24 34 14515 358 25 36086 746 21 823 40 49 40 44 697088 2872 3 4 6496 50 8 20527 96 5 570 6

17 marriage-duration specific fertility ratesage specific fertility rates , , KAP 2, Shryock and Siegel,

ratesage specific fertility rates 2003 9

18 , 表 5: 婚齡別生育率按母親國籍 KAP VIII dgbas.gov.tw/public/data/dgbas04/bc4/wtable2.xls 2009/4/5

27 71.11 137.23 9 10.99 86.53 42.48 36.98 65.47 11 12.99 51.53 49.29 61.45 41.54 13+ 43.29 83.10 71.43 40.08 247.23 199.47 260.36 181.81 247.23 149.30 182.

19 % Apgar Apgar 3 4 Apgar Tomashek 2006: , ,648 11

20 ㈠㈡

21 103 表 6: 生育品質按母親國籍分, <2500 <37 <7 Apgar Scores < Apgar Scores

22 104 表 7: 生育品質按母親年齡及國籍分,2007 <2500 <37 <7 Apgar Scores < Apgar Scores ㈢

23 ㈣㈤ Apgar Apgar Virginia Apgar : % 1997: Apgar

24 106 Apgar 7 Apgar 7 7 Apgar 1991: : 2 3 Apgar

25 KAP VIII Abbasi-Shavazi and McDonald, 2000: selectivity hypothesis disruption hypothesis adaptation hypothesis minority status hypothesis minority status hypothesis Apgar

26 :

27 Duncan :

28 110 A. 2009a 2009b immigration.gov.tw/aspcode/9802/.xls a 2007b ch4/static/st1 4.html tw/stat/week/week9602.doc 2008a stat/week/week9721.doc 2008b list.htm moi.gov.tw/stat/month/m1 02.xls : : (2): : data/dgbas04/bc4/ wtable2.xls 1998 KAP VIII

29 a8 4ffe 8b ba doc : / (4): (3): (4): city.udn.com/v1/city/forum/article.jsp?aid= &tpno=0&raid= & no=51040&cate_no=0#rep a b blog.roodo.com/minghoun/archives/ html : htm htm : :

30 : (3): : com. tw/article/index.jsp?id= : (4): Apgar Score The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences 7(6): B. Abbasi-Shavazi, M. J. and Peter McDonald 2000 Fertility and Multiculturalism: Immigrant Fertility in Australia, , International Migration Review 34(1): Chen, Y. N. and M. H. Chin 2008 The Role Replaced Unmarried Taiwanese Women and the Foreign Brides, UCLA Center for the Study of Women, Thinking Gender Papers. This paper is

31 113 posted at the escholarship Repository, University of California. Collins, JW Jr, Richard J. David, Arden Handler, Stephen Wall, and Steven Andes 2004 Very Low Birthweight in African American Infants: The Role of Maternal Exposure to Interpersonal Racial Discrimination, American Journal of Public Health 94(12): Duncan, Greg J Years of Poverty, Years of Plenty: The Changing Economic Fortunes of American Workers and Families. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Institute of Social Research. Fu, Vincent Kang 2008 Interracial-Interethnic Unions and Fertility in the United States, Journal of Marriage and Family 70(3): Hsia, Hsiao-Chuan 2007 Imaged and Imagined Threat to the Nation: The Media Construction of the Foreign Brides Phenomenon as Social Problems in Taiwan, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 8(1): Johnson, Nan E Minority-Group Status and the Fertility of Black Americans, 1970: A New Look, The American Journal of Sociology 84(6): Mustillo, Sarah, Nancy Krieger, Erica P. Gunderson, Stephen Sidney, Heather McCreath, and Catarina I. Kiefe 2004 Self-Reported Experiences of Racial Discrimination and Black-White Differences in Preterm and Low-Birthweight Deliveries: The CARDIA Study, American Journal of Public Health 94(12): Shryock, H. S. and J. S. Siegel 1976 The Methods and Materials of Demography. New York: Academic Press. Sly, David F Minority-Group Status and Fertility: An Extension of Goldscheider and Uhlenberg, The American Journal of Sociology 76(3): Suwal, Juhee and Frank Trovato 1998 Canadian Aboriginal Fertility, Canadian Studies in Population 25(1): Terry, P. B., R. G. Condie, J. G. Bissenden, and D. F. Kerridge 1987 Ethnic Differences in Incidence of Very Low Birthweight and Neonatal Deaths among Normally Formed Infants, Archives of Disease in Childhood 62: Tomashek, Kay M., Cheng Qin, Jason Hsia, Solomon Iyasu, Wanda D. Barfield, and Lisa M. Flowers 2006 Infant Mortality Trends and Differences between American Indian/Alaska Native Infants and White Infants in the United States, and , American Journal of Public Health 96(12): Yang, Ching-Li and Hung-Jeng Tsai 2007 The Changes of Fertility and Nuptiality in Taiwan, Paper Presented at the International Symposium on Social Policy in Asia. Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo.

32 114 February 9 10, Yang, Y. M. and H. H. Wang 2003 Life and Health Concerns of Indonesian Women in Transnational Marriages in Taiwan, Journal of Nursing Research 11(3): Zuberi, Tukufu 2001 One Step Back in Understanding Racial Differences in Birth Weight, Demography 38(4):

33 115 附表 1:2003 年外籍與大陸配偶生活狀況調查之調查母體與完訪對象概況 % % 240, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

34 116 附表 2: 初婚有偶人口婚齡別生育數及婦女人數按籍別分 ,648 1,128 69,952 16,975 73,950 21,210 1, , ,693 19,029 65,548 26,481 1, , ,510 10,589 52,864 14,819 1, , ,521 6,163 39,801 7,603 1, , ,423 3,315 27,383 3,626 1, , ,089 3,047 20,102 2,889 1, , , , , , , , , , , , ,648 5,438 69,952 60,614 73,950 77,782 1,540 1, VIII

35 117 附表 3: 各指標之分析個案數按年期與母親國籍別分, 年 Apgar Scores 2003 本國籍本國籍本國籍本國籍本國籍 Apgar Scores

36 118 附表 4: 各指標之分析個案數按年期年齡與母親國籍別分,2007 年 Apgar Scores Apgar Scores

37 119 Comparisons of Fertility Rate and Birth Quality between Native and Foreign-Born Women in Taiwan Ching-li Yang Associate Professor Institute of Gerontology, National Cheng Kung University I-chi Huang Assistant I-Shou University Hung-jeng Tsai Associate Professor Department of Sociology, National Sun Yat Sen University Hsiang-ping Wang Associate Professor Department of Senior Citizen Welfare, HungKuang University ABSTRACT In order to clarify public misunderstanding, this study explores the real situation of foreign spouses fertility rate and the birth quality of their babies. By employing household registration data in 2007, the Survey of Foreign and Mainland Spouses in 2003, and the eighth survey of knowledge, attitude, and practices of family planning and reproductive health in 1998 (KAP VIII), we present the differences of marriage-duration specific fertility rates between foreign and Taiwanese women. We also compare the birth quality of foreign spouses with that of Taiwanese women in terms of the indexes of stillbirth, low birth weight, birth defects, premature birth, and Apgar score by the birth notification data between 2003 and Contrary to public understanding, our study shows that the fertility of foreign spouses is actually lower than that of Taiwanese married women. Furthermore, their birth quality is also not worse than that of Taiwanese women. As a

38 120 matter of fact, the qualities of foreign spouses babies are even better than those of Taiwanese women in terms of the indexes of stillbirth, low birth weight and prematurely born. Key Words: foreign spouse, age-specific fertility rate, marriage-yearsspecific fertility rate, health status at birth

~ 10 2 P Y i t = my i t W Y i t 1000 PY i t Y t i W Y i t t i m Y i t t i 15 ~ 49 1 Y Y Y 15 ~ j j t j t = j P i t i = 15 P n i t n Y

~ 10 2 P Y i t = my i t W Y i t 1000 PY i t Y t i W Y i t t i m Y i t t i 15 ~ 49 1 Y Y Y 15 ~ j j t j t = j P i t i = 15 P n i t n Y * 35 4 2011 7 Vol. 35 No. 4 July 2011 3 Population Research 1950 ~ 1981 The Estimation Method and Its Application of Cohort Age - specific Fertility Rates Wang Gongzhou Hu Yaoling Abstract Based on the