カテゴリー Ⅰ 日本建築学会計画系論文集第 82 巻第 741 号, ,2017 年 11 月 J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, Vol. 82 No. 741, , Nov., 2017 DOI

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1 カテゴリー Ⅰ 日本建築学会計画系論文集第 82 巻第 741 号, ,2017 年 11 月 J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, Vol. 82 No. 741, , Nov., 2017 DOI 中国徽州地方の宗祠建築の研究歙県を中心とする宗祠遺構の空間構成 RESEARCH OF ANCESTRAL HALL ARCHITECTURE IN HUIZHOU AREA, CHINA The spatial structure of Ancestral Hall remains in She County 張葉茜 *, 杉野丞 **, 沢田多喜二 *** ****, 曹毅 Yeqian ZHANG, Noboru SUGINO, Takiji SAWADA and Yi CAO In this research, the object is She County in Huizhou Area to clarify formation and distribution of Ancestral Hall architecture in Lineage Settlements (Villages), spatial structure and architectural qualities about Ancestral Hall Architecture. First, consider formation process and division status of 240 Ancestral Hall Architecture with development of Lineage Settlements from historic side by analyze local records and genealogy in this area. Second, analyze distribution status, plane format and structure format of 191 Ancestral Hall remains by collect photographs and floor plans which been registered on local Heritage Council. Third, consider feature of spatial structure by classify Ancestral Hall systematic and make drawing of 16 typical Ancestral Hall Architectures. Huizhou Area, Lineage Settlements(Villages), Ancestral Hall Remains, Plan type, Spatial structure. * ** *** **** 愛知工業大学工学部生産建設工学専攻博士後期課程大学院生愛知工業大学工学部建築学科教授工博愛知工業大学工学部建築学科非常勤講師愛知工業大学工学部生産建設工学専攻博士後期課程大学院生 Grad. Student, Dept. of Production and Construction Engineering Course, Graduate School of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology Prof., Dept. of Architecture, Aichi Institute of Technology, Dr.Eng. Lect., Dept. of Architecture, Aichi Institute of Technology Grad. Student, Dept. of Production and Construction Engineering Course, Graduate School of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology 2989

2 Fig.1.1 Perimeter map of Huizhou N 閔江福州 Fig.1.2 Boundary map of 6 countiestable Number of remains Fig.2.1 Drawing of Tangyue Village in She County Fig.2.2 Drawing of Yuliang Village in She County Fig.3 Lineage picture of Huang clan in Tandu Village 2990

3 Fig.4 Drawing of Ancestral Hall Architecture of Huang clan in Tandu Village (sentence in picture was written by author) 2991

N ᚩ ᚩ ܪ ଈ ʚ җο ൲ 厑 Ṁ 䞉チ ɥᝅ䠄㛛䠅 ᮾ᪉ 䠏㼗㼙ᡤᅾ ศᨭ 䞉䙳呎䠄ጞ㑄䠅䠄䠅䠖㻥㻝㻚㻡 ᨭ 䞉ᝡ ᇽ䙮

䠖㻝㻟㻚㻤䠄༡ 䠅 ᭗ 䠄㒆㛛䠅 ᨭ 䞉㻌 ᛮᇽ㻔㑇䠅 ο ⱥ ᬛ ⱥ 䠄ඖᮎ䠅厑㒔䠄ጞ㑄ᆅ䠅䠄ḟ 䠅 ࠉ ࠉ 䠄すඵ㛛䠅 ࠉ ࠉ ࠉ ࠉ

ศᨭ 䞉ᩔ ᇽ䒪 ᨭ 䞉ග ᇽ䠄㑇䠅 බ 䠄䠅呎 ᾏ 㐨 ᘅ ❺ Ᏻ 㢧 ᚨ 咁 ࠉၿ ヲ咂呎 ኳ ኳ ᚨ ᨭ ὴ 㑥㑥 ᮾ 㑥㒆 ር ብ

ᩔ ぶ㞥 ᜠ ኈ ᇽ ᇽ ᇽ ᇽ ᇽ ᇽ Lineage picture of Xu clan in Xu Village ȵ ᇛ咁 ᮾᮾ 㛛㔛咂

ᕝ Ꮿ ሐ 㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛䙫㑥㛛䞉ᩔᮏᇽእほ䙬㔛㛛䞉ᜠᇽእほ㻔Ⲩᗫ㻕䙭 Ꮿ㛛䞉㞼 ᇽෆほ㻔ಟ 䠅 ύ Ụ Fig.

䙯Ἃሐ㛛䞉ぶ ᇽእほ㻔Ⲩᗫ㻕䙰ብ㔛㛛䞉 ឡᇽෆほ䙱㑥㛛䞉ᝡ ᇽእほ䙲Ἃሐ㛛ᨭὴ䞉 ᨻᇽእほ䙳㔠ᕝ㛛ᨭὴ䞉 ෆほ䙴㑥㛛 ᨭ䞉 ᚨᇽእほ䒪㑥

Architecture in Xu Village=2014 16casesȵ ᪘䞉ᨭὴ 㢮ᆺ ᘓ ᖺ௦ ᡤᅾᆅ ᖹ㠃ᙧᘧ ᘓ 㠃 Ἠ 㐍㛫

㻝㻢㻜㻡 ᴥ 㐍㛫㻠㻡㻞㻚㻝㻞䟝㔠ᕝ㛛 ᝡ ᇽ 㻝㻡㻟㻢㔠㐍㛫㻠㻝㻟㻚㻤䟝 Ἃሐ㛛ぶすἋ 㐍㛫㻪㻟㻥㻝㻚㻝䟝 ᛮᇽ ᮎ 㧗㝧㐍㛫

㛫㟷ᒣ㛛 ᇽ 㟷ᒣ㢌㐍㛫 ᮾ ᮾᒣ㛛 ග ᇽ Ἃሐ㛛䞉ᨭὴ ᨻᇽ すἋ 㐍㛫㻞㻢㻟㻚㻟㻠䟝㔠ᕝ㛛䞉ᨭὴ 㔠㐍㛫 ศᨭ 㑥㛛䞉 ᨭ ᚨᇽ

6 2992 㻥㻝㻚㻡㻡㻡㻝㻢㻞㻥㻚㻣㻞㻝㻚㻡㻡㻠㻚㻢㻝㻥㻚㻟㻞㻜㻚㻡㻥㻚㻢㻞㻚㻡㻤㻚㻜㻡 ޛ 䠄㟷ᒣ㛛䠅䕿䕿 Photo1

4 N ᚩ ᚩ ܪ ଈ ʚ җο ൲ 厑 Ṁ 䞉チ ɥᝅ䠄㛛䠅 ᮾ᪉ 䠏㼗㼙ᡤᅾ ศᨭ 䞉䙳呎䠄ጞ㑄䠅䠄䠅䠖㻥㻝㻚㻡 ᨭ 䞉ᝡ ᇽ䙮䠄㔠ᕝ㛛䠅 ଞ 䠄ᮾᒣ䞉㑥䞉ብ㔛䞉䞉䞉 බ㛛䠅 ඕЭ䠄㛛䠅 Э 䠄㑥㛛䚸㑥 ศ㛛䠅 ศᨭ 䞉 ᚨᇽ䙴 ᨭ 䞉ᩔᮏᇽ䙫 җ 䠄ᮾ 㛛䠅䠖㻝㻟㻚㻤䠄༡ 䠅 ᭗ 䠄㒆㛛䠅 ᨭ 䞉㻌 ᛮᇽ㻔㑇䠅 ο ⱥ ᬛ ⱥ 䠄ඖᮎ䠅厑㒔䠄ጞ㑄ᆅ䠅䠄ḟ 䠅 ࠉ ࠉ 䠄すඵ㛛䠅 ࠉ ࠉ ࠉ ࠉ 䠖㻞㻝㻚㻝 ࠉ ᢎ ᢎ ࠉᢎ அ ಙ ࠉୠ 勖 ኈ ኈ ኈ ኈ ᕴ 勖 ᚨ ᚨ 㔜 ᨭ 䞉ᝡ ᇽ䙱 ز 䠄ር㢌㛛䠅 ᙱ ᚩ 䠄㛗䠅 ᨭ 䞉 ឡᇽ䙰 ᚩ ศᨭ 䞉ᩔ ᇽ䒪 ᨭ 䞉ග ᇽ䠄㑇䠅 බ 䠄䠅呎 ᾏ 㐨 ᘅ ❺ Ᏻ 㢧 ᚨ 咁 ࠉၿ ヲ咂呎 ኳ ኳ ᚨ ᨭ ὴ 㑥㑥 ᮾ 㑥㒆 ር ብ ࠉ ᒣ 㢌㔛 ศ 㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛 ඡ䠄㔛㛛䠅 ᨭ 䞉㻌㞼 ᇽ䙭 ᨭ 䞉ᜠᇽ䙬䞉 ᮏᇽ䠄㑇䠅䠄 ᅾ㞟 ఫᏯ䠅䠄Ἠ 㛛䠅 ๓ ᨭ ᩔ ᮏ ᇽ Fig.5 ᒡ す ၈ ᶍ 㒃㥁 Ώ ር ᮾ す㟷 ᒣ ᮾ 㔠 ᴥ ᇧ ᮾ 㢌 Ἠ 㢌 Ἃ ග ᝡ 咁㯪 ᛮ ឡ ᇽ ᇽ ᇽ ヲ咂 ᇽ ᇽ ᇽ 㐍 ᝡ 㞼 ᩔ ぶ㞥 ᜠ ኈ ᇽ ᇽ ᇽ ᇽ ᇽ ᇽ Lineage picture of Xu clan in Xu Village ȵ ᇛ咁 ᮾᮾ 㛛㔛咂 ᚯṀ ᕞ ᗓᇛ ᇛ ር 㧗 ር Ἑ 㝧㢌 ๓ ಎɦ䠄 Ꮿ㛛䠅 ᨭ 䞉ᩔ ᇽ䠄㑇䠅䠄 ᅾチ Ꮫ 䠅 ᚩ ᮾ 㻌㻌㻌㞟 ⴠ 㟷㔠 Ἠ Ἃ ᒣ 㔛 බ ᕝ Ꮿ ሐ 㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛㛛䙫㑥㛛䞉ᩔᮏᇽእほ䙬㔛㛛䞉ᜠᇽእほ㻔Ⲩᗫ㻕䙭 Ꮿ㛛䞉㞼 ᇽෆほ㻔ಟ 䠅 ύ Ụ Fig.7 Distribution map of Xu clan relocation in She County ȵ 䙮㔠ᕝ㛛䞉ᝡ ᇽෆほ㻔ಟ 䠅䙯Ἃሐ㛛䞉ぶ ᇽእほ㻔Ⲩᗫ㻕䙰ብ㔛㛛䞉 ឡᇽෆほ䙱㑥㛛䞉ᝡ ᇽእほ䙲Ἃሐ㛛ᨭὴ䞉 ᨻᇽእほ䙳㔠ᕝ㛛ᨭὴ䞉 ෆほ䙴㑥㛛 ᨭ䞉 ᚨᇽእほ䒪㑥㛛ᬛᨭ䞉ᩔ ᇽእほ ᨭ 䞉 ᇽ䠄㑇䠅 Table1 Statistics of remains & ruins of Ancestral hall Architecture in Xu Village= casesȵ ᪘䞉ᨭὴ 㢮ᆺ ᘓ ᖺ௦ ᡤᅾᆅ ᖹ㠃ᙧᘧ ᘓ 㠃 Ἠ 㐍㛫㻟㻝㻜㻜䟝 ᮏᇽ ᮇ ᪘ 㑥㛛㻔㑥 ศ㛛㻕 ᩔᮏᇽ 㻝㻡㻞㻞㻙㻢㻢 ๓ 㐍㛫㻣㻢㻢㻚㻥㻥䟝㔛㛛 ᜠᇽ 㻌 Ἠ 㐍㛫㻣㻜㻜䟝 Ꮿ㛛㞼 ᇽ 㻝㻢㻜㻡 ᴥ 㐍㛫㻠㻡㻞㻚㻝㻞䟝㔠ᕝ㛛 ᝡ ᇽ 㻝㻡㻟㻢㔠㐍㛫㻠㻝㻟㻚㻤䟝 Ἃሐ㛛ぶすἋ 㐍㛫㻪㻟㻥㻝㻚㻝䟝 ᛮᇽ ᮎ 㧗㝧㐍㛫 ᨭ 㒆㛛 ብ㔛㛛 ឡᇽ 㻝㻡㻞㻞㻙㻢㻢 ᮾ 㐍㛫㻞㻣㻟㻚㻡㻠䟝㑥㛛 ᝡ ᇽ ᮇ ᮾ 㐍㛫㻞㻢㻜㻚㻝㻣䟝 Ἠ 㛛 ᩔ ᇽ 㻝㻡㻡㻣 ᇧ㢌㐍㛫㟷ᒣ㛛 ᇽ 㟷ᒣ㢌㐍㛫 ᮾ ᮾᒣ㛛 ග ᇽ Ἃሐ㛛䞉ᨭὴ ᨻᇽ すἋ 㐍㛫㻞㻢㻟㻚㻟㻠䟝㔠ᕝ㛛䞉ᨭὴ 㔠㐍㛫 ศᨭ 㑥㛛䞉 ᨭ ᚨᇽ 㻝㻡㻣㻟㻙㻝㻢㻝㻥 ๓ 㐍㛫㻝㻠㻟䟝㑥㛛䞉ᬛᨭ ᩔ ᇽ ๓ 㐍㛫㸸㻌# "!!! ۑ! # &! $!!! Fig 㻥㻝㻚㻡㻡㻡㻝㻢㻞㻥㻚㻣㻞㻝㻚㻡㻡㻠㻚㻢㻝㻥㻚㻟㻞㻜㻚㻡㻥㻚㻢㻞㻚㻡㻤㻚㻜㻡 ޛ 䠄㟷ᒣ㛛䠅䕿䕿 Photo1 Ancestral Hall remains Xu clan in Xu Village, She County ȵ 䙯 ᨭ 䞉ぶ䕿䕿 ඍ䠄Ἃሐ㛛䠅䙲ศᨭ 䞉 ᨻᇽ ᙱඍ䠄Ἃሐ㛛䠅 Layout drawing of Xu Village in She County except Shangtian Familyȵ チẶ ᪘㞟ⴠ 㑇ᵓ Ỉ 䞉 ᆅ 䛾㑇ᵓ ᒣᓅ䞉㝠ᆅᙧ ௦ᘓ 㑇ᵓᪧ ᕝ % 㐨

5 N Distribution map of Ancestral Hall remains in She County Fig.8 Vice-Table. Numbers of Ancestral Hall remains in She County.240cases Table2 Plan types of Ancestral Hall remains in She County 2993

6 2994

7 Table3 % *+) # ## 0*+ $ * * List of Ancestral Hall remains in She County 191casesȵ ᨭ ) %! % *+) # ## 0*+ $ * * ᑓ &)+!" *!)"% 0*+ $ * * Graph1 Dimension analysis of Ancestral Hall remains 䐳㻌 $*!(+/,% 3+& 2+!/02 "!/$/ 䐴㻌5HPDLQV RI 4ƯQJ '\QDVW\䠄 "!/$/!!!! * * 哉咁咂哉咁咂 * * * * * * * *!! 䚷䡔䠄䠅 * * * * * * * * * *!! 䚷䡔䠄䠅 $-0' * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 哉!.,+0!&$ 䡔!!"!!!! $ %!! # $ # 1$.!&$ #(*$+/(,+!+#.!0(,,% #$-0'!+# %.,+0&!0$䠄 "!/$/!$ 㐍㛫㐍㛫㐍㛫㐍㛫㐍㛫 ௦㑇ᵓ $*!(+/,% 3+& 2+!/02 "!/$/ Ύ௦㑇ᵓ5HPDLQV RI 4ƯQJ '\QDVW\ FDVHV (&+ )!//(%("!0(,+ (*.$! (&+ )!//(%("!0(,+ (*.$! * "!/$/ "!/$/ * "!/$ * "!/$/ * * "!/$/ "!/$/ * * "!/$ "!/$/ * * "!/$/ "!/$/ * "!/$/ "!/$ * * "!/$ * "!/$ 㐍㛫 "!/$/ ᐙ $"#0 % *+) # ## 0*+ $ * * 㐍㛫 "!/$/ "!/$/ 㐍㛫 ᅄ㐍㛫 ᅄ㐍㛫㐍㛫 "!/$/ "!/$/ * * * "!/$/ * * * * "!/$/ "!/$ "!/$/ "!/$/ "!/$ "!/$/ "!/$ * * * * * * * "$ - ) "$ %*"&%ᖹᆒᑍἲ ) - ) ) ᖹᆒ㠃 ᨭ ᐙ ᑓ!,%"+ & )&%+ % '+! "* + )* +!,%"+ & ) "* (, ) + )* * * /') ** 0 +! &+!" +0'."## *!&."% # % )."% "% " #&. 2995

8 Fig.9Plan drawing of representative case of Ancestral Hall remains in She County 16cases 2996

9 Table4 List of representative case of Ancestral Hall remains in She County 16cases Fig.10 Sectional view of Dunben Tang & Dunlun Tang Central-bay sectional view & Side-bay sectional view 2997

10 ( )() The Department of Architecture of Southeast University: Series of the Ancient Architecture in Huizhou Yuliang Village, Southeast University Press, (in Japanese) The Department of Architecture of Southeast University: Series of the Ancient Architecture in Huizhou Tangyue Village, Southeast University Press, (in Japanese) Chen, Z. and Li, Q.: Chinese Heritage and Vernacular Architecture Wuyuan, Tsinghua University Press, (in Japanese) Li, Q. and Chen, Z.: Zongci, SDX Joint Publishing, (in Japanese) Huangshan City Anhui Province Cultural Committee: Huangshan City Huizhou Ancient Architecture protection project directory, Huangshan Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics Publishing, (in Japanese) Xu, C. (compile), and Shi, G. (revise): She Xian Zhi, total 16 volumes, The 26 th year of Republic of China, 1938 (in Japanese) Huang, X. (rewrite), and Huang, Y. (proofread): Tandu Huangshi Zupu, total 12 volumes, Longqing years of Ming Dynasty (compile), , Yongzheng 9 th year of Qing Dynasty (proofread), 1731 (in Japanese) Xu, J.: Xu Village, Fudan University Press, (in Japanese) Ji, C.: Yuanye, Chongzhen 7 th year of Ming Dynasty, 1634 (in Japanese) Beijing Institute of cultural relics: Chinese Ancient Architecture Dictionary, Cathay Bookshop, (in Japanese) About Fig.1.1, Fig.1.2, Fig.2.1, Fig.2.2, Fig.3, Fig.4, Fig.5, Fig.6, Fig.7, Fig.8, Fig.9, Fig.10, Pho.1, Tab.1, Tab.2, Tab.3, Tab.4, because many proper nouns involve. If translate them into English, will confuse the meaning in Pinyin of Chinese and Romanization of Japanese. 2998

11 RESEARCH OF ANCESTRAL HALL ARCHITECTURE IN HUIZHOU AREA, CHINA The spatial structure of Ancestral Hall remains in She County Yeqian ZHANG *, Noboru SUGINO **, Takiji SAWADA *** and Yi CAO **** * Grad. Student, Dept. of Production and Construction Engineering Course, Graduate School of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology ** Prof., Dept. of Architecture, Aichi Institute of Technology, Dr.Eng. *** Lect., Dept. of Architecture, Aichi Institute of Technology **** Grad. Student, Dept. of Production and Construction Engineering Course, Graduate School of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology In this research, about Ancestral Hall Architecture in She County, formation and division of Ancestral Hall in Lineage Settlements, further spatial structure and architectural qualities of Ancestral Hall Architecture has been investigated. The result is summarized as follows.. About lineage settlements, according to inflow of immigrants, single-lineage and multi-lineages these two types of villages existed from Tang and Song dynasty until Ming dynasty. In both types villages, Ancestral Hall for worship Lineage First Ancestor or First Immigration Ancestor, Branch-Ancestral Hall for worship The Ancestor of A branch, Worthies-Shrine for worship specific person, lot of these Ancestral Hall Architectures have been built, and some of remains in country side were left.. About Ancestral Hall Architecture, when entering the Ming Dynasty, because inheritance and branching of lineages and dispersion of the Lineage Settlements to neighboring areas, Total-Ancestral Hall, Head-Ancestral Hall, Major Branch-Ancestral Hall, Minor Branch-Ancestral Hall and Family-Ancestral Hall has been created, they can be classify into four types which is Ancestral Hall System (Total-Ancestral Hall, Head-Ancestral Hall), Branch -Ancestral Hall System (Branch-Ancestral Hall, Major-Branch-Ancestral Hall, Minor-Branch-Ancestral Hall), Family-Ancestral Hall System and Worthies-Shrine System.. About Ancestral Hall Architecture, in Ming and Qing dynasty ling up Entrance-hall, Sacrificial-hall, Memorial-hall and Courtyard to creating one space-unit called JIN, the Basic type 3JIN-type was formed. Once more, from small type 1JIN3KEN to large type 5JIN7KEN various types appeared in same time. After, Ancestral Hall System using 3JIN5KEN, Branch-Ancestral Hall System and Family-Ancestral Hall System using 3JIN3KEN or 2JIN3KEN, plane format follow Ancestral Hall Architecture's classify became to settle. From these scale and size, scale of building can be change by increase and decrease number of depth (JIN) and intervals between two pillars (KEN). And, compare Ancestral Hall Architecture in Ming and Qing dynasty, remains in Ming dynasty were larger, in Qing dynasty both of Ancestral Hall and Branch-Ancestral Hall using relatively smaller scale of plane format than Ming dynasty. The reason is in Ming Dynasty Ancestral Hall Architecture was built only by powerful lineage, but in Qing dynasty Ancestral Hall Architecture was built by branched lineage more than powerful lineage.. About Frame format, because Entrance-hall Sacrificial-hall and Memorial-hall constitute Ancestral Hall Architecture are using common, constructive structure is same no matter scale is large or small. Format of Entrance-halls have including Side-side Space, Wall-side Space, Side-central-side Space. Sacrificial-halls have including Side-central-side Space, Side-central-side-side Space. Memorial-hall constitute by Side-central-side Space. Most of Side and Central Space using Post & Lintel Construction by Central-bay sectional view, and Mixconstruction which combining Post & Lintel Construction and Column & Tie Construction's feature has been used by Side-bays sectional view. Central pillar, KOYAURA is hanging over the ceiling, and Bracket Sets or Decorative Brackets has been used on Eave Column. Besides, by using Less-column-made or Shift-column-made in front or back colonnade of Entrance-hall, Sacrificial-hall and Memorial-hall, high continuity space can be created by Central-yard. (2017 年 2 月 9 日原稿受理,2017 年 7 月 20 日採用決定 ) 2999

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38 1 2014 1 Vol. 38No. 1 January 2014 51 Population Research 2010 2010 2010 65 100028 Changing Lineal Families with Three Generations An Analysis of the 2010 Census Data Wang Yuesheng Abstract In contemporary