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1 ( ) Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Social Sciences), Jun. 2014, 15(3):39 45 DOI: /j.cnki.jhau(ss) 金砖国家农业国内支持政策及其国际合作路径 基于 WTO 农业治理框架 何燕华 1, 杨炼 ( ) 摘要 WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO 关键词 WTO 中图分类号 F310 文献标志码 :A 文章编号 : (2014) BRICS agricultural domestic support policy and the international cooperation path: Based on the WTO agriculture global governance HE Yan-hua 1, YANG Lian 2 (1.Law School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan , China; 2. Department of Law, Hunan Administration Institute, Changsha, Hunan , China) Abstract: BRICS is now the representative of the world's largest emerging economies. As the members of the WTO, under the Agreement of Agriculture, there is much large difference on the perspective of the agriculture domestic support system and the commitments. Under the Doha proposal, the BRICS is divided into two groups, one is Brazil, Russia, and the other is South Africa, India and China. The goals of the support are similar in BRICS, but as in the types of agricultural domestic support and the support level, each country has its own characteristics, which would lead to a lack of coordinated international position and influence the agricultural cooperation in WTO agriculture global framework. In the future, BRICS should face up to their agricultural interests differences, strengthen internal substantial communication and effective cooperation; strengthen the cooperation with other members in the G20, improve internal governance agriculture, adjust the agricultural economic structure and transfer the mode of development. Key words: BRICS; WTO framework; agricultural cooperation; agricultural policy support WTO ( BRICS) WTO 收稿日期 基金项目 (11YJC820035) (2010YBA161) 作者简介 (1975 ) WTO WTO WTO

2 40 ( ) 一 WTO 框架下金砖国家农业国内支持经受的约束 1 WTO ( ) (Total AMS) (ceiling commitment, Bound Total AMS) (Current Total AMS) (de minimis) 5% 10% 10% 8.5% 5%( ) WTO WTO 1995 WTO WTO 3 WTO (WTO TN/AG/W/4/ Rev.4) (Overall Trade-distorting Domestic Support, OTDS) (AMS ) (Blue Box) [1] OTDS [2] OTDS 6 2 [3] OTDS [4] OTDS 37% 83 30%

3 % [5] OTDS ( 8.5% ) 二 金砖国家农业支持政策目标及水平 GDP ( 5%) 22% GDP 15.7% [6] % 7.4% % [7] [8] ( ) ( ) ( ) [8] % WTO [9] % 50% [10] [11] (minimum support price MPS) (Input subsidies) % 7% WTO 80%

4 42 ( ) % 10.8% % % [12] 3 20% 8% % 35% 10% 2.3% 5.1% 0.6 [13] WTO ( ) 2006 [14] WTO WTO % 53% % % 8.5% % 3% OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ) GDP GDP 2.3% OECD 0.88% % 19% [13] WTO GDP 2.4% 5% [15] % 7% [6] [16]

5 [17] WTO WTO ( ) OECD % OECD % GDP 0.2% [15] OECD WTO % 2011 GDP 4% 8% 2000 [6] WTO [18] OECD GDP 1.1% 22% 15% 13% 60% WTO % 11% 5% 3% WTO 43% [18] WTO 三 基于农业国内支持政策的金砖国家国际农业合作路径 WTO WTO WTO WTO

6 44 ( ) WTO WTO WTO WTO ( ) [19] [20] WTO WTO 6 [21] WTO 12 8 WTO WTO WTO [22] OTDS WTO [23]

7 WTO 注释 : 1 包括但不限于 WTO 农业协定 序言第 4 段 第 3 条 第四部分 ( 包括第 6 条和第 7 条 ) 以及附件 2 附件 3 和附件 4 2 WTO 农业协定 第 7 条第 2 款 (b) 项 3 俄罗斯从 1993 年 6 月起正式申请加入世界贸易组织的前身关贸总协定 4 印度提交 WTO 的最新通告时间为 2011 年 6 月, 关于农业国内支持情况报告年份为 年 参见 WTO: G/AG/N/IND/7,9 June 中国提交 WTO 的最新通告时间为 2011 年 10 月, 关于农业国内支持情况报告年份为 年 参见 WTO: G/AG/N/CHN/21, 13 October 召开金砖国家农业部长会议是 2009 年俄罗斯叶卡捷琳堡 金砖四国 峰会达成的共识之一 首届金砖国家农业部长会议于 2010 年 3 月在俄罗斯首都莫斯科举行, 第二届于 2011 年 10 月在四川成都召开, 第三届于 2013 年 10 月在南非比勒陀利亚召开 7 参见 金砖国家贸易投资合作框架 第一条第一款 8 金砖国家仅于 2011 年 WTO 第 8 届部长级会议前发表宣言, 强调农业领域高额补贴是造成贸易保护主义最大的危害之一 参见 WTO: WT/MIN(11)/18, 16 December 2011 参考文献 : [1] WTO Committee on Agriculture Special Session Revised Draft Modalities for Agriculture[EB/OL]. ( ). [2] Lars Brink WTO Constraints on Domestic Support in Agriculture Past and Future[J] Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics 2009 (57) 1-21 [3] ICTSD [R]. ICTSD programme on Agricultural Trade and Sustainable Development June 2009 [4] Lars Brink David Orden Giselle Datz BRIC agricultural policies through a WTO lens[j] Journal of Agricultural Economics (1) [5] ICTSD Implications for Brazil of July 2008 draft agricultural modalities[r] ICTSD Programme on Agricultural Trade and Sustainable Development September 2008 [6] World Bank World development indicators(world Bank 2013)[R] ( ). [7] Junior Ruiz Garcia The role of agricultural trade policy in Brazilian development[eb/ol] ( ). ictsd.org/ [8] Borges Izaias de Carvalho Domestic support of agriculture in Brazil[EB/OL] ( ). org/ [9] WTO WT/TPR/S/ May 2013[EB/OL]. ( ). http // [10] ICTSD India s agricultural trade policy and sustainable development[r] ICTSD Programme on Agricultural Trade and Sustainable Development September 2013 [11] WTO WT/TPR/S/249/Rev 1 20 October 2011 [EB/OL]. ( ). [12] WTO G/AG/N/IND/7 9 June 2011 [EB/OL]. ( ). [13] OECD 2013 [EB/OL] ( ). org/publishing/corrigenda [14] [R] ICTSD [15] OECD Agricultural policy monitoring and evaluation 2013 OECD countries and emerging economies-south Africa[EB/OL] ( ) corrigenda [16] [J] 2010(11) [17] WTO WT/TPR/G/222/Rev.1 8 December 2009 [EB/OL]. ( ). [18] OECD Agricultural policy monitoring and evaluation 2013 OECD countries and emerging economies-russia [EB/OL] ( ). enda [19] WTO Days 3 4 and 5 Round-the-clock consultations produce Bali Package [EB/OL] ( ). 3_e.htm [20] [J] 2013(3) [21] [N]. ( ). /c_ htm [22] [M] [23] [J] 2013(4) 责任编辑 : 李东辉