Industry Focus 115 Millions USD US Exports of Fasteners to China China is the fourth largest importer of American fasteners, behind Mexico, Canada, an

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1 114 Industry Focus F astener Trade Between the United States, China, and South Korea China and South Korea have had a booming industrial sector over the last few years. The growth of their cities and businesses comes with the expansion of buildings, factories, the production of goods, and more. All of which require a great deal of fasteners to literally bring it all together. In the last two years, the United States traded more fasteners with China and South Korea than ever before, contributing to these bustling economies. U.S. Imports of Fasteners from China China is the second largest country the United States imports fasteners from, behind Taiwan. U.S. imports of fasteners from China have grown exponentially since In fact, in 2007 the United States imported about $717 million fasteners from China, seven years later that number has amounted to over $1.1 billion in 2014, a 58 percent increase. In the first quarter of 2015 (Q1), the United States imported over $297 million fasteners from China, a 22 percent increase from the same time in Top Fastener Imports from China As of Q1 of 2015, the top fastener products imported into the United States from China are threaded nuts (HTS ), self-tapping screws (HTS ), and washers, other than lock washers (HTS ). Threaded nuts (HTS ) are by far the top fastener import from China this year. The United States has already imported $44.6 million threaded nuts in Q1 of 2015, which is an increase of 2 percent compared to Q1 of The average price per kilogram (by vessel) in Q1 of this year has been $1.64, up 0.01 from Q1 of Self-tapping screws (HTS ) had a total value of $33.9 million in Q1 of This particular HTS code increased from Q1 of last year by a whopping 73 percent. The average price per kilogram (by vessel) in Q1 this year was $1.69, compared to $1.87 in Q1 of Perhaps the drop in cost has created a surge in imports? Washers other than lock washers (HTS ) were the third largest fastener import from China in Q1 of Washer s import value in Q1 amounted to $24.2 million, an increase of 8 percent compared to Q1 of The average price per kilogram of washers (by vessel) in Q1 was $1.56, about 0.07 percents higher than Q1 of 美國與中韓扣件貿易概況文 / by Cori Rogers 過去幾年中國和南韓兩國的產業發展景氣極好兩國城市和商業發展不時可見大樓和工廠的擴建貨品生產或更多, 這些活動都需要使用大量扣件產品在過去兩年, 美國與中國和南韓的扣件交易量變得更多了, 也促進經濟的蓬勃發展美國與中國扣件貿易狀況美國自中國扣件進口中國是美國第二大扣件進口來源, 僅次於台灣美國自中國進口的扣件從 2007 年起就呈現指數型增長實際上,2007 年美國從中國進口約 7 億 1,700 萬美元的扣件, 七年後也就是 2014 年這數字已經成長至 58% 超過 11 億美元在 2015 年第一季, 美國自中國進口超過 2 億 9,700 萬美元, 比 2014 年同期增加 22% 美國主要自中國進口扣件品項 2015 年第一季, 美國自中國主要進口扣件品項為螺紋螺帽 ( 海關編碼 : ) 自攻螺絲 ( 海關編碼 : ) 及防鬆墊片外之墊片 ( 海關編碼 : ) 目前螺紋螺帽 ( 海關編碼 : ) 是今年首要扣件進口品項 2015 年第一季美國已經進口 4,460 萬螺紋螺帽, 比 2014 年第一季增加 2% 今年第一季海運每公斤平均單價比 2014 年第一季上升 0.01 美元至 1.64 美元 2015 年第一季自攻螺絲 ( 海關編碼 : ) 進口總值為 3,390 萬美元此品項比去年第一季大幅增加 73% 今年第一季海運每公斤平均單價為 1.69 美元 (2014 年第一季為 1.87 美元 ) 是否因為成本價低導致進口驟升? 防鬆墊片外之墊片 ( 海關編碼 ) 是 2015 年第一季美國自中國進口第三大扣件品項第一季墊片進口值達到 2,420 萬美元, 比 2014 年第一季增加 8% 第一季海運每公斤平均單價比 2014 年第一季高出 0.07 美元達到 1.56 美元

Industry Focus 115 Millions USD US Exports of Fasteners to China China is the fourth largest importer of American fasteners, behind Mexico, Canada, and the United Kingdom.

2 Industry Focus 115 Millions USD US Exports of Fasteners to China China is the fourth largest importer of American fasteners, behind Mexico, Canada, and the United Kingdom. In 2014, China imported $146 million worth of U.S. fasteners, which was a 3.4 percent increase from So far in Q1 of 2015, China has imported over $39.6 million worth of U.S. fasteners, which is a 12 percent increase from Q1 of Threaded fasteners are the largest U.S. fastener exported to China. In Q1 of 2015, threaded fasteners (HS ) amounted to $15 million and increased 12 percent compared to Q1 of last year. Another rising U.S. fastener export to China is washers (HS ). Washer exports to China nearly doubled from Q1 of 2014 compared to Q1 of 2015 with a total value of $2.3 million. 美國扣件出口至中國美國是中國第四大扣件進口國, 僅次於墨西哥加拿大和英國 2014 年中國自美國進口 1 億 4,600 萬美元扣件, 比 2013 年增加 3.4% 2015 年第一季, 中國已經從美國進口超過 3,960 萬美元扣件, 比 2014 年第一季增加 12% 螺紋扣件是中國自美國進口主要之扣件品項在 2015 年第一季, 螺紋扣件 ( 海關編碼 : ) 進口值達 1,500 萬美元, 比去年第一季增加 12% 其他進口金額也增加的品項是墊片 ( 海關編碼 : ) 2015 年第一季出口至中國的墊片將近 2014 年第一季的兩倍達到 230 萬美元 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 U.S. Imports and Exports of Fasteners with China Imports Exports Table 1. U.S. Imports and Exports of Fasteners with China 表一美國與中國雙邊扣件進出口 U.S. Imports of Fasteners from South Korea South Korea is the sixth largest supplier of fasteners to the United States and sent $214 million fasteners in Like China, South Korea has also dramatically increased exports of fasteners since 2007, which had a total value of $86 million, a 149 percent increase in imports in the last seven years. In Q1 of 2015, the United States imported over $76 million fasteners from South Korea, a 46 percent increase from the same time in Top Fastener Imports from South Korea The top fasteners the United States imports from South Korea are screws of iron or steel (HTS ), screws of iron or steel, with hexagonal heads (HTS ), and other threaded nuts of iron or steel (HTS ). U.S. imports of screws of iron or steel from South Korea totaled $24.2 million in Q1 of This was a gigantic increase of over 1,600 percent from Q1 of 2014, which had a total value of $1.3 million. This dramatic change in imports could be due to a slight tweak in classification for this particular HTS code, or simply a higher demand of this product from South Korea. The average price per kilogram for screws in Q1 of 2015 was $51.76 (by vessel); this was another dramatic increase from Q1 of 2014 s average of $5.32 per kilogram. Screws of iron or steel, with hexagonal heads had a total import value of $10.3 million in Q1 of This was an increase of 6 percent from Q1 of The average price per kilogram (by vessel) in Q1 was $5.54, compared to $4.98 in Q1 of last year. Threaded nuts of iron or steel imports from South Korea totaled $10.2 million in Q1 of 2015, a 1 percent drop from the same time last year. The average price per kilogram (by vessel) was $3.74 so far this year, compared to $3.72 in Q1 of China Imports $717,960,406 $889,979,173 $564,696,960 $728,386,127 $932,191,075 $1,025,749,843 $979,253,965 $1,136,225,969 Exports $52,503,505 $69,434,240 $72,596,356 $101,207,884 $132,462,120 $119,011,354 $141,156,161 $146,071,695

3 116 Industry Focus U.S. Exports of Fasteners to South Korea South Korea is the 10 th largest importer of American fasteners in the world. South Korea imported $69 million in fasteners in 2014, an increase of $4 million from Exports of U.S. fasteners to South Korea have grown significantly in the past few years. In 2007, the total value of fastener exports to South Korea was $39 million, which is an increase of $30 million in the last seven years. As of Q1 of 2015, U.S. exports of fasteners to South Korea have actually declined by 3 percent compared with the same period in The leading U.S. fastener export to South Korea is threaded screws and bolts (HS ). South Korea imported $7.8 million of threaded screws and bolts in Q1 of This was an increase of 19 percent from Q1 of Threaded nuts and non-threaded fasteners are the second and third largest exports, respectively. Both declined in exports in Q1 of 2015 vs. Q1 of 2014 by 15 and 50 percent, respectively. 美國與韓國扣件貿易狀況美國自南韓扣件進口南韓是美國第六大扣件供應國,2014 年共出口 2 億 1,400 萬美元扣件至美國與中國類似, 南韓自 2007 年起的扣件出口開始出現急遽增增長, 總值達到 8, 萬美元過去七年來共增加 149% 2015 年第一季, 美國自南韓進口超過 7,600 萬美元扣件, 比 2014 年同期增加 46% 美國主要自南韓進口扣件品項美國自南韓進口主要扣件品項為鋼鐵螺絲 ( 海關編碼 : ) 六角頭鋼鐵螺絲 ( 海關編碼 : ) 以及其他鋼鐵螺紋螺帽 ( 海關編碼 : )

2015 年第一季美國自南韓進口之鋼鐵螺絲總計 2,420 萬美元, 比 2014 年第一季的 130 萬美元大幅增加超過 1,600% 如此巨量的進口變化應該與對該品項未來潛伏需求的焦慮抑或單純是因為對這南韓製產品品項的需求增加? 值得思考 2015 年第一季螺絲海運每公斤平均價為 51.76 美元, 比 2014 年第一季每公斤平均價 5.

72 美元 ) 美國對南韓扣件出口美國是南韓第十大扣件進口國 2014 年南韓自美國進口 6,900 萬美元扣件, 比 2013 年增加 400 萬美元在過去幾年美國出口至南韓扣件呈現顯著性成長 2007 年美國出口至南韓的扣件總值達 3,900 萬美元, 在過去七年增加 3,000 萬美元 2015 年第一季, 美國出口至南韓扣件相較 2014 年同期實際上已經下滑 3% Millions

4 2015 年第一季美國自南韓進口之鋼鐵螺絲總計 2,420 萬美元, 比 2014 年第一季的 130 萬美元大幅增加超過 1,600% 如此巨量的進口變化應該與對該品項未來潛伏需求的焦慮抑或單純是因為對這南韓製產品品項的需求增加? 值得思考 2015 年第一季螺絲海運每公斤平均價為美元, 比 2014 年第一季每公斤平均價 5.32 美元還要增加許多六角頭鋼鐵製螺絲在 2015 年第一季的總進口金額達到 1,030 萬美元比 2014 年第一季增加 6% 第一季海運每公斤平均價為 5.54 美元 ( 去年第一季為 4.98 美元 ) 2015 年第一季美國自南韓進口的鋼鐵製螺紋螺帽總計 1,020 萬美元, 比去年同期下滑 1% 今年至目前為止海運每公斤平均價格為 3.74 美元 (2014 年第一季為 3.72 美元 ) 美國對南韓扣件出口美國是南韓第十大扣件進口國 2014 年南韓自美國進口 6,900 萬美元扣件, 比 2013 年增加 400 萬美元在過去幾年美國出口至南韓扣件呈現顯著性成長 2007 年美國出口至南韓的扣件總值達 3,900 萬美元, 在過去七年增加 3,000 萬美元 2015 年第一季, 美國出口至南韓扣件相較 2014 年同期實際上已經下滑 3% Millions USD $250 $200 $150 $100 美國出口至南韓主要扣件品項為螺紋螺絲及螺栓 ( 海關編碼 : ) 2015 年第一季南韓自美國進口 780 萬美元螺紋螺絲及螺栓比 2014 年第一季增加 19% 螺紋螺帽和非螺紋扣件分別是第二大和第三大主要出口品項 2015 年第一季和 2014 年第一季出口分別下降 15% 和 50% U.S. Imports and Exports of Fasteners with South Korea Imports Exports Industry Focus 117 $50 Table 2. U.S. Imports and Exports of Fasteners with South Korea 表二美國與南韓雙邊扣件進出口 $ S. Korea Imports Exports $86,208,519 $95,546,649 $53,850,313 $121,852,760 $156,210,356 $198,559,863 $216,448,169 $214,836,157 $39,928,581 $41,170,444 $36,708,728 $48,083,808 $64,800,902 $59,379,679 $65,071,808 $69,246,702

118 Industry Focus U.S. Fastener Trade with China and South Korea Recap Overall, the trend is upward for the fastener trade between these growing nations.

5 118 Industry Focus U.S. Fastener Trade with China and South Korea Recap Overall, the trend is upward for the fastener trade between these growing nations. China and South Korea both exported extreme amounts of fasteners to the United States and imported record amounts of fasteners from the United States in The increase in imports of U.S. fastener for both nations signals economic and industrial growth that has been steadily rising since So far in Q1 of 2015, U.S. imports of fasteners from China and South Korea have increased 22 and 46 percent, respectively, which signals a further increase in trade this year. As for U.S. exports of fasteners to China and South Korea in Q1 of 2015, exports to China rose 12 percent and exports to South Korea have slightly declined by 3 percent. We will see what the remainder of the year has in store. 結論 : 美國與中韓扣件貿易總體來說, 這幾個國家的扣件貿易表現均呈現成長趨勢中韓兩國在 2014 年皆出口極大量扣件至美國, 也從美國進口大量扣件產品兩國進口美國扣件量的增加顯示其經濟和工業發展自 2007 年起就穩定出現成長目前 2015 年第一季, 美國自中國和南韓進口扣件分別增加 22% 和 46%, 顯示今年貿易量有進一步增加至於 2015 年第一季從美國出口至中國和南韓的扣件分別增加 12% 和下降 3% 我們將持續關注今年度的後續發展

Chinese oil import policies and reforms 随着经济的发展, 目前中国石油消费总量已经跃居世界第二作为一个负责任的大国, 中国正在积极推进能源进口多元化, 鼓励替代

Chinese oil import policies and reforms SINOPEC EDRI 2014.8 Chinese oil import policies and reforms 随着经济的发展, 目前中国石油消费总量已经跃居世界第二作为一个负责任的大国, 中国正在积极推进能源进口多元化,