(Microsoft PowerPoint - Chapter 12 [\254\333\256e\274\322\246\241])

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1 Chapter 12 Physical Properties of solutions Chemistry English 99-2 Semester

2 12.1 Type of Solutions 溶液的形態 Vocabulary and Phrase 字與詞 Saturated solutions Unsaturated solution Supersaturated solutions Crystallization 飽和溶液未飽和溶液過飽和溶液結晶

3 12.1 Type of Solutions 溶液的形態 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Saturated solutions 飽和溶液 A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of a solute that dissolve in a given solvent at a specific temperature.

4 12.1 Type of Solutions 溶液的形態 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Unsaturated solutions 未飽和溶液 An unsaturated solution contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve.

5 12.1 Type of Solutions 溶液的形態 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Supersaturated solutions 過飽和溶液 A supersaturated solution contains more solute than is present in a saturated solution.

6 12.1 Type of Solutions 溶液的形態 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Crystallization 結晶 Crystallization is the process in which dissolved solute comes out of solution and forms crystals.

7 10.2 A Molecular View of Solution Process 由分子層次看溶解程序 Vocabulary and Phrase 字與詞 Solvent Solute solution Solvation Solubility Miscible Hydration 溶劑溶質溶液溶解溶解度可以完全互溶的水解

8 10.2 A Molecular View of Solution Process 由分子層次看溶解程序 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Solvation Hydration 溶解水解 Solvation is the process in which an ion or a molecule is surrounded by solvent molecules arranged in a specific manner. The process is called hydration when the solvent is water.

9 10.2 A Molecular View of Solution Process 由分子層次看溶解程序從分子層次看溶解過程動畫 : flashfiles/thermochem/solutionsalt.html

10 10.2 A Molecular View of Solution Process 由分子層次看溶解程序 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Miscible 可完全互溶的 Two liquids are said to be miscible if they are completely soluble in each other in all proportions.

11 10.2 A Molecular View of Solution Process 由分子層次看溶解程序

12 10.3 Concentration Units 濃度單位濃度單位 Vocabulary and Phrase 字與詞 Percent by Mass Mole fraction Molarity Molality 重量百分比莫爾分率體積莫耳濃度重量莫耳濃度 % x M m

13 10.3 Concentration Units 濃度單位濃度單位 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Percent by Mass 重量百分比 % mass of solute % by mass = 100% mass of solute + mass of solvent The percent by mass (also called percent by weight or weight percent) is the ratio of mass of solute to the mass of the solution.

14 10.3 Concentration Units 濃度單位濃度單位 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Mole fraction 莫耳分率 x x A = sum of moles of A moles of all components

15 10.3 Concentration Units 濃度單位濃度單位 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Molarity 體積莫耳濃度 M M = moles of solutes Liters of solution Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solution in 1 L of solution.

16 10.3 Concentration Units 濃度單位濃度單位 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Molality 重量莫耳濃度 m m = moles of solute mass of solvent (Kg) Molality is the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kg of solvent.

17 12.4 The Effect of Temperature on Solubility 溫度對溶解度的影響 Fractional crystallization 分級結晶, 分段結晶 Fractional crystallization is the separation of mixture of substances into pure components on the basis of their differing solubilities.

18 12.5 The Effect of pressure on the Solubility of Gases 壓力對氣體溶解度的影響 Henry s law 亨利定律 c = k P The solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution. c: molar concentration of the dissolved gas k: constant (mol/ L atm) P: partial pressure

19 12.5 The Effect of pressure on the Solubility of Gases 壓力對氣體溶解度的影響

20 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Vocabulary and Phrase 字與詞 Colligative Properties 依數性 Vapor-Pressure Lowering Boiling-Point Elevation Freezing-Point Depression Osmotic Pressure 蒸氣壓下降沸點上升凝固點下降滲透壓

21 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Colligative Properties 依數性 Colligative properties are properties that depend only on the number of solute particles in solution and not on the nature of the solute particles.

22 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Colligative Properties 依數性 Colligative properties are properties that depend only on the number of solute particles in solution and not on the nature of the solute particles.

23 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Vapor-Pressure Lowering Volatile Nonvolatile 蒸氣壓下降揮發性非揮發性 If a solute is nonvolatile, it does not have a measurable vapor pressure.

24 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Raoult s Law 勞特定律 P = 0 1 X 1P1 The vapor pressure of a solvent over a solution, P 1, is given by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent, P 10, times the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution X 1.

25 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Raoult s Law 勞特定律 P = 0 X 2 P 1 The decrease in vapor pressure is directly proportional to the solute concentration measured in mole fraction. P: decrease in vapor pressure of solvent X 1 : the mole fraction of the solute in the solution.

26 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Vocabulary and Phrase 字與詞 Raoult s Law 勞特定律 P = 0 1 X 1P1 Ideal solution Positive deviation Negative deviation 理想溶液正偏差負偏差

27 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Ideal solution

28 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Ideal solution

29 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Positive deviation Negative deviation

30 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Raoult s Law 勞特定律 P = 0 1 X 1P1 The ideal solution is any solution that obeys Raoult s law.

31 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Vocabulary and Phrase 字與詞 Colligative Properties 依數性 Boiling-Point Elevation 沸點上升

32 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Vocabulary and Phrase 字與詞 Colligative Properties Freezing-Point Depression 依數性凝固點下降

33 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性

34 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Vocabulary and Phrase 字與詞 Colligative Properties 依數性 Osmotic Pressure Osmosis Semipermeable membrane Hypertonic solution Hypotonic solution 滲透壓滲透半透膜高滲壓溶液低滲壓溶液

38 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Colligative Properties Osmotic pressure 依數性滲透壓 The osmotic pressure of a solution is the pressure required to stop osmosis.

39 12.6 Colligative Properties on Nonelectrolyte Solutions 非電解質溶液之依數性 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Colligative Properties 依數性 Osmosis 滲透 Osmosis is the selective passage of solvent molecules through a porous membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one.

40 12.7 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions 電解質溶液之依數性 Vocabulary and Phrase 字與詞 van t Hoff factor Ion pair Amorphous solids Glass 凡特何夫因子離子對非晶質固體玻璃

41 12.7 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions 電解質溶液之依數性 Vocabulary and Phrase 字與詞 van t Hoff factor 凡特何夫因子

42 12.7 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions 電解質溶液之依數性 Vocabulary and Phrase 字與詞 Ion pair 離子對

43 12.8 Colloid 膠體 Vocabulary and Phrase 字與詞 Colloid Hydrophilic colloid Hydrophobic colloid Aerosol 膠體親水性膠體驗水性膠體氣溶膠, 噴霧劑

44 12.8 Colloid 膠體 Definition and Reading 定義與例句閱讀 Colloid 膠體 A colloid is a dispersion of particles of one substance throughout a dispersing medium made of another substance.

Microsoft PowerPoint - Chap11_Soln.ppt

Microsoft PowerPoint - Chap11_Soln.ppt 11 Properties of solutions oncentration Molarity (M; 體積莫耳濃度 ) mol/l (mol of solute/volume of solution) Mole fraction ( 莫耳分率 ) mole fraction of = n /n T = X (n :mole of ; n T :mole of total) Molality (m;