地下水監測井現地水質試驗

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费张
7 years ago
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6 (mg/l) ppm (µg/l) ppb

7 1 /2,000 1 /2,000,000 1 cm/10 km 1 ppm 1 /2 1 /1,300 1 m 2 /10 1 /100,000 1 ppb 1 /32 1 /5 1 m 2 / cm/10,000 km 1 /100,000,000

9 Class TDS (mg/l) Fresh Brackish Saline Brine 0 1,000 1,000 10,000 10, ,000 > 100,000

10 ( ppm)

12 (DO)

16 (TOC)( ) (ph) (Specific Conductance) (Mn) (Fe) (Ammonium, NH 4 as N) (Cl) (Na) (VOC)* 1-10 ppm ,000 mm/cu ppm ppm 0-2 ppm ppm ppm < 40 ppb

17 I. II. III. IV. V. VI.

18 I. ( ) (Land Application)

20 Septic tank

21 BOD: mg/l COD (unfiltered): mg/l COD (filtered): mg/l TSS: mg/l Fecal Coliforms: ,000 no./ml Fecal Strep: no./ml Total N: mg/l

22 Ammonia N: mg/l Nitrate-Nitrogen: mg/l Total P: mg/l Other P: mg/l

24 (U.S. NO LONGER ALLOWED)

30 II. (Material piles, non-waste)

33 (GCL) (GCL)

36 TDS: ,000 ppm Specific conductance: ,000 µmhos/cm TSS: ppm BOD: ,000 ppm COD: ,000 ppm TOC: ppm (should be higher) ph: 5-8

37 GCL (Optional) (GCL)

40 1976 (RCRA)

44 Oil refinery Chemical plants Leaking tanks Leaking pipelines

47 (USTs)

54 III.

55 IV.

58 V.

60 VI.

66 LNAPLs Gasoline Diesel fuel Jet fuel BTEX

67 Fig Organic liquids such as gasoline, which are only slightly soluble in water and less dense than water, tend to float on the water table when a spill occurs

72 DNAPLs TCE PCE TCA

73 Fig Organic liquids such as trichloroethylene, which are only slightly soluble in water and are more dense than water, may sink to the bottom of an aquifer when a spill occurs

78 -..,. ( 8 ).( ),,,.

79 Chromium 2 4 ug/ml. :,,,,,., :., (24-48 ),.

80 Copper- ( ),,.

81 -.,,,.., ,,,,,,,,.

82 - -

83 Ammonia Boron Chlorides Cyanides Nitrates Fluorides

84 coliform (E. Coli) Giardia

85 Cobalt 60 Cesium 137 Plutonium 238, 243 Radium 226, 228 Radon 222 Uranium 238

86 -... MTBE-

87 Chloroform, 1-1 (or 1-2) Dichloroethane, Dioxins, Trichloroethanes (TCA), Trichloroethylene (TCE), Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) -,,.

88 ( ) :. :. :.

89 (Kentucky) (Louisville) 10 ( hepatic angiosarcoma),, (carcinoembryonic antigen) - (alpha-fetoprotein),, 12,,.

90 ph, metals, anions: USD VOC 150 USD 400 USD 300 USD 400 USD

93 (Filter Pack) (Annular Seal) (Well Development)

94 (Purging) vs. : / / /

95 (Calibration) /

97 (Purging) ph

100

101

102

103

104

105

106 / (QA/QC) (accuracy) (precision) 10%

107

108 / / /

109

110

111

112

113

114 (Purging)

115 3 5 (Well Volume)

116 ph Eh

117 ph Eh

118

119

120 ph, Eh ph

121 H 2 O H + +OH - (H + ) H 3 O +

122 Table 10.3 Temperature ( C) K eq x x x x x x x ph of a neutral solution

123 Eh Eh

124 25 C 1 E 0 (in volts)

125 Eh E 0 Eh

126 ph Eh Eh-pH Eh-pH

127 Fig The Eh-pH field where water is a stable component. The usual limits of Eh and ph for near-surface environment are also indicated by solid lines

128 Fig Stability-field diagram for a model solution of iron

129 Eh Eh

130 Eh Eh

131 Eh Eh

132 Eh Eh-pH Eh 0.2 to +0.7 V Eh Eh

133

134 V b = V w = C w C f M w

135 V b V b

136 C w,0 V b +C f V b M w C w C w =M w /V w V b M w,1 =M w,0 C w,0 V b +C f V b V b M w,2 =M w,1 C w,1 V b +C f V b C w,1 =M w,1 /V w C w,2 =M w,2 /V w

137 99%

138

139

140

141 Turbidity timecourses from wells at the Delaware site

142 Monitored parameter time courses from well D at the Connecticut site

143 The effect of pumping rate and sampling method on observed turbidity, NY site

144

145 (Low-Flow Purging)

146

147

148

149 Eh

150 3 5

151

152

153

154

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