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1 土壤 (Soils), 2016, 48(3): DOI: /j.cnki.tr 表面活性剂对土壤中石油类污染物的洗脱效果研究 1, * 2,3 ( ) [a] 11 [a] SDS Tw80 TX g/l [a] 85.3% 74.3% 67.9% 6 g/l % 57.6% 67.3% SDS-Tw80 [a] SDS-Tw g/l mol/l [a] 84.5% [a] S143.1 S t 50 t 0 ~ 20 cm (C/N)(C/P) [1 3] (PAHs) (K ow ) [4 5] [6] LAS CTAB Tween-80 [7] Tween80 Tween20 TritonX- 100 Kalali [8] Brij35 8 g/l 93.54% López- Vizcaíno [9 10] SDS [11 13] (863)(2013AA06A207-1) * (ymluo@yic.ac.cn) (1989 ) @qq.com

2 3 517 / K mc [a] () [14] 1 表 1 供试土壤的基本理化性质 Table 1 Physicochemical properties of tested soil (g/kg) ph (g/kg) CEC (cmol/kg) (<2 μm) 5.9 (%) (2 ~ 20 μm) 45.0 (20 ~ μm) g ml 10 g 200 ml HJ [15] mg/kg 1 g 50 ml 150 r/min 24 h r/min 30 min 0.5 g 50 ml 20 ml 30 min 45 min ( 1 cm ) 50 ml 5 ml [a] 40 mg [a] 200 ml g [a] [a] 200 mg/kg 1 g 50 ml 150 r/min 24 h r/min 30 min [a] 10% 90% 10 μl ml/min 1.2 () OIL460 () KQ- 500GDV ( ) L530 ( ) QBZY ( ) FD-1-50 ( ) Alliance e2695 (Waters U.S.) ( ) ( )() GB/T β- (CMCD)98% β- (β-cd)() [a] ( >98% ) 3 (SDS) (LAS) (AES) 5 (LAE9) 10(NP10) C (AEO9) (20)

3 (Tween-80 Tw80) (TritonX-100 TX100) 1 (HTAB) 2 表 2 [16 17] 实验所用表面活性剂的理化参数 Table 2 Physicochemical properties of tested surfactants (g/mol) (mn/m) CMC (mg/l) HLB (SDS) (SDBS/LAS) (AES) (LAE9) ~ (NP10) C (AEO9) (20) (Tween-80/Tw80) (TritonX-100/TX100) (HTAB) CMC HLB g/l (SDS LAS AES) (LAE9 NP10 AEO9 Tw80 TX100) (HTAB) 10 g/l SDS LAS TX100 Tw80 Tw60-β- (CMCD) β- (β-cd) [a] g/l [a] % ~ 70%[a] 85% [1] SDS [a] 85.3% 65.3% Tw80 TX100 60% SDS Tw80 TX100 图 1 Fig. 1 不同类型表面活性剂对污染土壤的洗脱作用 Removal efficiencies of contaminated soils with different kind of surfactants SDS TX100 SDS Tw [a] [a] 95% SDS TX100 Tw80 Tw80 TX100 SDS SDS Tw80

4 3 519 TX100 Tw80 TX100 SDS Tw80 TX100 2 Tw80 TX100 [a] 图 3 不同浓度复配表面活性剂对土壤中苯并 [a] 蒽的洗脱效果 Fig. 3 Removal efficiencies of Benz[a]anthracene with mixed-surfactants at different concentrations 图 2 两种表面活性剂的复配比对土壤中苯并 [a] 蒽的洗脱效果 Fig. 2 Removal efficiencies of Benz[a]anthracene with mixed-surfactants at different mixing ratios [a] SDS-Tw80 4 SDS-Tw80 6 g/l 70% 6 g/l SDS-Tw [a] 图 4 不同浓度 SDS-Tw80 对土壤中石油烃的洗脱效果 Fig. 4 Removal efficiencies of petroleum hydrocarbons with SDS-Tw80 at different concentrations 图 5 不同液固比对土壤中苯并 [a] 蒽的洗脱效果 Fig. 5 Removal efficiencies of Benz[a]anthracene with mixed-surfactants at different liquid soil ratios

5 [18] [a] 60% [a] 35 SDS SDS CMC Tw80 CMC [19] [a] [a] 0.02 mol/l [a] 图 7 添加无机盐对土壤中苯并 [a] 蒽的洗脱效果 Fig. 7 Removal efficiencies of Benz[a]anthracene with mixed-surfactants at different inorganic salts CMC [20] SDS-Tw80 SDS C I2 H 25 O-SO 3 SDS [a] [a] 3 图 6 温度对土壤中苯并 [a] 蒽去除的洗脱效果 Fig. 6 Removal efficiencies of Benz[a]anthracene with mixed-surfactants at different temperatures mol/l 7 1) SDS Tw80 TX100 60% 2)

6 3 521 [a] SDS-Tw80 [a] SDS-Tw g/l mol/l [a] 84.5% [1] Zhou W J, Zhu L Z. Enhanced desorption of phenanthrene from contaminated soil using anionic/nonionic mixed surfactant[j]. Environmental Pollution, 2007, 147: [2],,,. Tween80 [J]., 2013, 33(11): [3] Von Lau E, Gan S, Ng H K, et al. Extraction agents for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil in soil washing technologies[j]. Environmental Pollution, 2014, 184: [4],,. [a][j]., 2014, 45(3): [5],,,. [J]., 2013, 26(5): [6],,,. [J]., 2010, 32(4): [7],,,. [J]., 2003, 24(6): [8] Kalali A, Ebadi T, Rabbani A, et al. Response surface methodology approach to the optimization of oil hydrocarbon polluted soil remediation using enhanced soil washing[j]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2011, 8(2): [9] López-Vizcaíno R, Sáez C, Cañizares P, et al. The use of a combined process of surfactant-aided soil washing and coagulation for PAH-contaminated soils treatment[j]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2012, 88: [10] Khalladi R, Benhabiles O, Bentahar F, et al. Surfactant remediation of diesel fuel polluted soil[j]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 164: [11] Zhang Y X, Long Y Y, Zhang Y C, et al. Effect of a mixed anionic-nonionic surfactant adsorption on bentonite structure and on distribution of pentachlorophenol[j]. Applied Clay Science, 2012, 69: [12] Zhang M, Zhu L Z. Effect of SDBS-Tween80 mixed surfactants on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil-water system[j]. Soils Sediments, 2010, 10: [13] Yang K, Zhu L Z, Xing B S. Enhanced soil washing of phenanthrene by mixed solutions of TX100 and SDBS[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2006, 40: [14]. [M]. :, 1999 [15]. HJ : [S]. :, 2012 [16],,,. / [J]., 2014, 33(10): [17],,,. [J]., 2011, 24(7): [18] Peng S, Wu W, Chen J J. Removal of PAHs with surfactantenhanced soil washing: Influencing factors and removal effectiveness[j]. Chemosphere, 2011, 82: [19],,,. [J]., 2014, 28(3): 1 3, 15 [20],,,. / [J]. ( ), 2012, 37(2):

7 Elution Effects of Surfactants on Petroleum Contaminants in Soil LI Shasha 1, 2, SUN Yuhuan 1, HU Xuefeng 2, ZHANG Haibo 2, LUO Yongming 2*, WU Xueyong 2,3 (1 Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong , China; 2 Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong , China; 3 Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong , China) Abstract: Surfactants have the potential to clean up the crude oil contaminated soil owing to their excellent properties of solubilization and emulsification. Here, the elution efficiency of crude oil and Benz[a]anthracene from soil by 11 kinds of surfactants including anionic, cationic, and non-ionic surfactants were examined using batch elution experiments. According to the elution efficiency, better anionic and nonionic surfactants were selected and mixed, and then, the influence of mass ratio, concentration of mixed surfactants, liquid soil ratio (L/S), temperature and the species of the added inorganic salts on elution efficiency of Benz[a]anthracene in contaminated soil were investigated in the experiment. The results showed that, for single surfactant, SDS, Tw80 and TX100 had greater effects on Benz[a]anthracene and crude oil elution test, and the elution rates of Benz[a]anthracene were 85.3%, 74.3% and 67.9% under the condition of concentration of 10 g/l and liquid soil ratio of , meanwhile, the elution rates of crude oil were 65.3%, 57.6% and 67.3% under the concentration of 6 g/l and liquid soil ratio of , respectively. The solubilization of Benz[a]anthracene could be increased significantly by SDS-Tw80 mixed surfactants. The elution rate of Benz[a]anthracene could be up to 84.5% when the concentration and the mass ratio of SDS-Tw80 were 6 g/l and 6.. 4, the liquid soil ratio (L/S) was , the concentration of sodium carbonate as additive was 0.02 mol/l. Key words: Benz[a]anthracene; Surfactant; Compound; Soil elution

助剂改善其止血效果 1 实验 1.1 原料和试剂家蚕蛹经过提取蛹油蛋白质后剩余的残渣 ( 主要成分为蛹皮 ), 烘干除杂粉碎后待用 ; 壳聚糖 ( 成都市科龙化工试剂厂 ), 脱乙酰

助剂改善其止血效果 1 实验 1.1 原料和试剂家蚕蛹经过提取蛹油蛋白质后剩余的残渣 ( 主要成分为蛹皮 ), 烘干除杂粉碎后待用 ; 壳聚糖 ( 成都市科龙化工试剂厂 ), 脱乙酰研究与技术蚕蛹壳聚糖复合止血材料的制备及凝血性能初探陈超, 单其艳, 杨铭, 蓝广芊, 吴大洋 ( 西南大学纺织服装学院, 重庆 400716) 摘要 : 探讨以蚕蛹壳聚糖 (CS) 和明胶 (GEL) 为主要原料制备复合止血材料的工艺及凝血效果首先