200105XmlPre--XML與電子文件展示技術之探討.PDF

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1 XML XML XML MathML SMIL SVG XHTML XML RTF Postscript PDF SGML HTML XML XML Study on the XML and Presentation Technologies for Electronic Document Sinn-Cheng Lin Assistant Professor Yu-Min Gong Graduate Student Abstract Department of Educational Media and Library Sciences, Tamkang University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. The main features of XML include (1) rigorous structure and extensibility (2) separated processing of content, structure schema, and display (3) platform-independency, high portability (4) easy to be applied in e-commerce (5) be the Meta-language of other applications. Nowadays, a lot of applications based on XML are varied among some professional fields, e.g., MathML for scientific publication, SMIL for multimedia authoring, SVG for vector diagram drawing, and 1

2 XHTML for Web page publication. In the future, XML incorporated with the mobile devices such as PDA's, palm-top computers, in-car computers, cellular phones, pagers, etc., will construct a mobile information service environment which can access the Internet at anywhere and anytime. In this study, some representative technologies of electronic document, such as RTF, postscript, PDF, SGML and HTML, were discussed to reveal their merits and shortcomings. Moreover, XML was compared with the previous technologies such that its characteristics and potentials could be explored. Also, the possible trend of presentation technology of electronic publication was discussed. Keywords Extensible Markup Language Extensible Hypertext Markup Language Mathematical Markup Language Scalable Vector Graphics 1970 (Electronic text Etext) Internet WWW Web RTF Postscript PDF SGML HTML XML XML extensible Markup Language XML XML Working Group W3C World Wide Web Consortium 1 11 XML XML 1.0 W3C 1 XML SGML SGML Editorial Review Board 2

3 Recommendation 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Meta-Language XML MathML SMIL SVG HTML XHTML XML XML XML WebSecond-Generation Web 3 RTF Postscript PDF SGML HTML XML XML Content Structure Presentation (1) Data (2) (3) 1 2 XML 1.0 "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0, W3C Recommendation 10-February-1998, < "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition), W3C Recommendation 6 October 2000" < 3 Jon Bosak and Tim Bray, "XML and the Second-Generation Web", Scientific American, May 1999, also available at < 3

4 Presentation Structure Content 1 HTML Web XML 4 XML XML TXT DOC Microsoft Word.BMP.GIF.TIFF JPEG PNG WAV MIDI MP3 AVI MPEG Internet (1) (2) (3) (4) 4 XML Web

5 Web (Webdoc) Web Web RTF Postscript PDF SGML HTML XML A. RTF RTF Rich Text Format Windows WordPad Microsoft Word 5 RFT RTF RTF MS-DOS MS Windows OS/2 Apple Macintosh 6 RTF control word control symbols groups RTF 7 ASCII PC Mac 8 ASCII RTF RTF Reader RTF RTF (1) (2) (3) (4) RTF RTF {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg950\deff0\deflang1033\deflangfe1028{\fonttbl{\f0\fmodern\fprq6 \fcharset136 \'b7\'73\'b2\'d3\'a9\'fa\'c5\'e9;}} 5 Markup Language (1). (2). 6 Rich Text Format Specification (RTF) Version 1.3, Microsoft Corporation,

6 \viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1028\f0\fs20\'b9\'71\'a4\'6c\'a5\'58\'aa\'a9\'aa\'ba\'a5\'bc\'a8 \'d3\par} RTF B. Postscript Postscript 1985 Adobe Postscript Postscript Postscript Postscript UNIX/Linux MAC OS Windows EPS Encapsulated Postscript Format Postscript Pixed-Based Text-Based Photoshop Pixed-Based EPS Illustrator Freehand Text-Based EPS Text-Based EPS PageMaker QuarkXPress EPS EPS EPS EPS ASCII HTML Postscript EPS HTML Postscript require HTML::FormatPS; $html = parse_htmlfile("test.html"); $formatter = new HTML::FormatPS FontFamily => 'Helvetica', PaperSize => 'Letter'; print $formatter->format($html); Postscript Level 2 EPS ASCII Binary Code ASCII Postscript Level I Postscript Level II ASCII Postscript Postscript 6

7 7 Postscript HTML Postscript UNIX/Linux Mozilla Print Gidget 8 Windows GhostView C. PDF PDF Portable Document Format Adobe PDF PDF Internet PDF PDF Adobe Acrobat Reader Internet PDF Postscript PDF (1) PDF (2) Postscript PDF (3) Postscript PDF 7 Postscript < 8 HTML ASCII Postscript < 7

8 (4) PDF Adobe Acrobat Reader (5) PDF Hyper Link) (6) PDF PDF Web PDF PDF PDF Adobe Acrobat Reader Reader Editor PDF PDF Adobe PDF D. SGML SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) 1986 ISO-8879 SGML SGML (Document Type Defination DTD) DTD SGML (1) Structure SGML DTD DTD (Database Schema) (2) Content (3) Style SGML ISO DSSSL(Document Style Semantics and Specification 8

9 Language) SGML (1) (2) (3) (4) SGML (General Markup Language) (Tags) ;SGML (Meta Language) SGML 9 HTML SGML SGML DTD DTD SGML (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) SGML SGML Internet SGML HTML Internet SGML Elements Attributes Entries SGML SGML SGML SGML SGML HTML XML 9 HTML XML

10 E. HTML HTML HyperText Markup Language 1989 CERN SGML SGML Hypertext Hyperlink HTML HTML 1990 WWW World Wide Web Java Script VB Script CGI ASP Internet 10 HTML ISO HTML Microsoft Netscape HTML 3.0 HTML HTML HTML Web HTML (1) HTML HTML Semantic HTML (2) HTML (3) HTML Cascade Style Sheets (4) HTML XML 1998 W3C XML XML 10 WWW DIY XML Web

11 XML XML Extensible Markup Language SGML SGML HTML WWW XML SGML XML Web HTML XML HTML SGML XML HTML HTML CSS XML DTD CSS XSL XML HTML XSL XSLT 12 (XSL Transformation) HTML SGML XML SGML SubsetXML SGML Meta Language HTML SGML HTML XML SGML 1.0 HTML XML XML, XML XML Microsoft Sun Oracle IBM XML 13 XML 12 XSLT(XSL Transformation) XSL XSLT W3C XSL XSL Malcolm Maclachlan, New Products Help XML Gather Momentum, TechWeb News, (Feb 1998) < 11

12 XML XML Stylesheet XML XML XML Stylesheet CSS Cascading Style Sheets XSL extensible Stylesheet Language Markup Language SGML HTML XML CSS XML XSL XML (1) XML XML XML PDA Personal Digital Agent (2) XML (3) XML XML XML CSS (Cascading Style Sheet CSS) Level 1 CSS1 Level 2 CSS2 W3C CSS CSS Håkon W. Lie and Bert Bos, "Cascading Style Sheets (CSS1) Level 1 Specification", 17 December 1996, revised 11 January 1999, available at < 12

13 15 CSS1 CSS2 CSS HTML XML CSS HTML CSS2 CSS1 CSS1 CSS XML CSS XML CSS2 XML CSS XML XSL ( W3C XSL 1.0 ) CSS XML XML CSS 16 (1). XML (2).CSS CSS2 (3). CSS CSS HTML XML HTML CSS <HEAD></HEAD> XML Prolog CSS mystyle.css HTML XML CSS HTML CSS <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css"> XML CSS <?xml-stylesheet href= mystyle.css type = text/css?> CSS HTML 15 Bert Bos, Håkon Wium Lie, Chris Lilley and Ian Jacobs, "Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2) Specification" (May 1998), < 16 HTML XML ( 89 5 )

14 XML CSS XML XSL XML XSL XSL XSL extensible Stylesheet Language W3C Last Call Recommendation XSL XML CSS CSS HTML XML XML Web XSL XML XSL HTML/CSS XSL 18 2 XSL XML XSL XML 2 XSL (Template) (Pattern) XML XSL XML Source Tree Result Tree XSL XML HTML PDF RTF 17 Sharon Adler, Anders Berglund, Jeff Caruso, Stephen Deach, Alex Milowski, Scott Parnell, Jeremy Richman and Steve Zilles, "Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 1.0", 12 January 2000, available at < 18 Microsoft Web Workshop, "XML Architecture", MSDN Online, < 14

15 TeX... XSL XSL XSLT (XSL Transformation) XSLT XML XSLT 3 19 XSL (XSLT) XML XML 3 XML XML XSLT Element Attribute Element and Attribute Tree XSLT Area Tree 4 XSL 4 XML 19 Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)Version 1.0, W3C Working Draft (27 March 2000) 15

16 XML XSL <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="mystyle.xsl"?> CSS XSL CSS XSL 20 CSS XSL HTML XML CSS XML DOM 1 CSS XSL CSS XSL XML XML XML DOM XML Document Delivery HTML HTTP XML Manipulation W3C Document Object Model DOM 21 DOM XML HTML XML Application Programming Interface API DOM DOM W3C DOM Language-Independent Specification 20 Jakob Nielsen, "Web Style Sheets", < 21 Vidur Apparao, Steve Byrne, Mike Champion, Scott Isaacs, Ian Jacobs, Arnaud Le Hors, Gavin Nicol, Jonathan Robie, Robert Sutor, Chris Wilson and Lauren Wood, "Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification Version 1.0", 1 October 1998, < 16

17 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5" standalone="yes"?> < > < > <ISBN> </ISBN> < > Visual Basic 6 </ > < > </ > </ > < > <ISBN> </ISBN> < >Internet2000 </ > < > </ > </ > </ > 5 XML XML DOM DOM Element Node Tree Structure5 XML XML DOM 6 ISBN ISBN Visual Basic 6 Internet DOM XML (1) DOM XML XSL (2) XSL 17

18 HTML 22 7 HTML HTML 7 XML XML XML XML XML 22 7, Jon Bosak and Tim Bray, "XML and the Second-Generation Web", Scientific American (May 1999), < 18

19 XML Channel Definition Format CDF XML (Intuit) XML Open Financial Exchange Netscape (Meta Content Framework MCF) 24 XML W3C The HTTP Distribution and Replication Protocol DRP 25 XML XML XML W3C XHTML SMIL MathML SVG XHTML HTML Web Web HTML SGML W3C HTML HTML 4.0 Bug 27 XML W3C HTML SGML XML HTML 4 XML XML XHTML 1.0 Extensible HyperText Markup Language 28 XHTML HTML XML XHTML XML Namespace XHTML XML SMIL SVG MathML 24 "Meta Content Framework Using XML", Submitted to W3C ( June 1997), < > 25 "The HTTP Distribution and Replication Protocol", Submitted to W3C (August 25, 1997) < > 26 "HTML 4.01 Specification," W3C Recommendation, 24 December 1999, available at < HTML < >, "HTML 4.0 Specification," W3C Recommendation, revised on 24 April "XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language, A Reformulation of HTML 4 in XML 1.0", W3C Recommendation 26 January 2000, available at < 19

20 XML XHTML XML Modularization W3C XHTML Common Characteristics of Modules Basic ModulesApplet Applet Module Text Extension Modules Forms Modules Table Modules Image Module Client-side Image Map Module Server-side Image Map Module Object Module Frames ModuleIframe Intrinsic Events Metainformation Module Scripting Module Stylesheet Module Link Module Base Module Legacy Legacy Module 30 Desk-Top Computers Mobile Devices Personal Digital Assistants PDA Palm-Top Computers In-Car Computers Cellular Phones Pagers Device Profile 29 "HyperText Markup Language -- Activeity Statement", available at < Markup/Activity> 30 "Modularization of XHTML", W3C Working Draft 5 January 2000, available at < 20

21 Document Profile XHTML XHTML SMIL Web HTML Web W3C XML Web SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language W3C SMIL smile XML HTML SMIL SMIL streaming audio streaming video images text SMIL "Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 1.0 Specification", W3C Recommendation 15-June-1998, available at < 21

22 SMIL 1. A B B 1 CWeb HTML SMIL Web 2. Web Authoring Tools SMIL HTML XML 3. Web SMIL Web CSS HTML XML SMIL XML Namespace XML 4. SMIL 5. SMIL MathML HTML Web Web W3C MathML 22

23 Mathematical Markup Language MathML Presentation Tags Content Tags SVG Vector Bitmap Web JPEG GIF Web W3C SVG Scalable Vector Graphics SVG XML vector graphic shapes image text SVG DOM SVG Event handler onclick onmouseover Web XML Namespace SVG XML HTML CGI Script ASP HTML / Database Management System, DBMS Internet Web 33 "Mathematical Markup Language (MathML ) 1.01 Specification", W3C Recommendation, revision of 7 July 1999, available at < 34 "Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.0 Specification", W3C Working Draft 03 March 2000, available at < > 23

24 HTML Amercian Online CompuServe Prodigy 35 (1) (2) (3) (4) XML XML XML XML DTD Validating Well-formed DOM XML HTML XML HTML XML HTML XML HTML Web XML HTML Content Provide XML 35, also available at < 24

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