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1 INSOUL

3 Contents

4 INSOUL...48 (The history of Christmas) jiashin2@ms22.hinet.net GPN ISSN

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12 Before Christ E p i p h a n y B. C. Anno Domini in the year of our Lord A. D. John Chrysostom - J e s u s 336 A. D. Philocalian Catalogue 11

13 I N S O U L B a s i l 12

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15 I N S O U L Goldin Institute for partnership and peace 14

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17 I N S O U L David Mead David Mead 16

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21 I N S O U L Peter 20

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23 I N S O U L Peter Bill 22

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31 INSOUL 宗教季刊圖福德宮提供南港區位於臺北盆地東南邊緣因位於基隆河南岸故名南港百年前南港地區曾研發改文編輯部愛心不落人後過去南港先民多是以務農為主良製茶技術包種茶聞名國際後因時勢所趨為求稻穀豐收諸事平安多在農地改採石灰及煤礦於是綠色茶鄉轉變成灰鄉最的附近搭建小型土地公廟於是大大後淪為黑鄉然而隨著環保意識抬頭傳統工廠遷徒而軟體園區經貿園區等大型開發相繼出現使南港呈現出難得繁華遠景小小的土地公廟遍布南港各角落玉成公園福德宮即是其中之一玉成公園福德宮規模雖不大香油錢也極為有限但愛心絕不落人 30 心鏡宗教季刊

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45 I N S O U L s a c r a m e n t 44

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47 I N S O U L m e d i a t r i c e el Greco Kenn Clark 46

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52 The history of Christmas Written by Editorial Department Directed by Kuo Chiang Chien Christmas is one of the greatest days for most of the Christian to celebrate the birth of the Human Savior, Jesus Christ. About the exact birthday of Jesus Christ is still uncertain, because it had never been written in the Bible. It was not until 400 A.D. that Christians began to celebrate Christmas in various days and places. After the western countries believed in Jesus Christ, Christmas had become a great and holy day in stead of a holiday in a year. About the birth of Jesus Christ, the Bible says that His mother Mary was pledged to marry Joseph, but before they came together, she was found to be with child through the Holy Spirit. Because Joseph, her husband, was a righteous man and did not want to expose her to public disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly. But after he had considered this, an angel of the Lord (Gabriel) appeared in his dream and said, do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife, because what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins. (This is the meaning of Jesus). When Joseph woke up, he did what the angel of the Lord had commanded him and took Mary home as his wife. Later, Caesar Augustus issued a decree that a census should be taken of the entire Roman world. Therefore, Joseph went home to register with Mary, who was expecting a child. While they were there, the baby was born and his mother wrapped him in cloths and placed him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn. At that time, three Magi from the east came to Bethlehem, they saw the star and followed it to the house where the child and his mother lived. They worshiped Jesus and offered the gold, bdellium, and myrrh. At the same time, the shepherds were guided to the house by the angels. Later, they spread out the news of the Nativity, the Savior, Jesus Christ is coming. It is believed that Jesus was born in 4 B.C., people celebrated the birth of Jesus and designed it as the first year in dominical year. Many people tried to calculate the exact birthday of Jesus Christ and finally accepted 25th December as Christmas to against the date of celebrating "Saturnalia" and the midwinter because it is on accordance with them in the Empire of Roman. This is why the churches wanted to use this day to take place of the old alien custom, for example, the sun-god Attis (the representation of justice) was replaced by the Jesus Christ. Because the Christianity was very popular in Europe, many customs such as the Christmas tree and light festival were combined into the celebrating of Christmas. A legend about "Christmas" celebration was invented to against "Jo Saturnalia" (a celebration for the Saturn), there f o re, Christians held similar celebration which includes masquerades in the streets, big festive meals, visiting friends, and exchange of good-luck gifts. About the story by using Christmas tree as a decoration, it was said that it was originated from German. There once lived a farmer, who treated a poor girl with hospitality and didn't know she was the incarnation of angle. After they had a wonderful night, the girl broke and inserted a branch of pine to the ground, the branch amazingly became a Christmas tree,then, she took it as a reward to the man before she left. In addition, the custom of sending Christmas cards was started from a Royal Christmas celebration in Britain since 1844 A.D., the empress and prince send invitations with Christmas blessing to invite the children of royal family to celebrate Christmas together in Windsor Castle. After that, many people in Europe followed them to send the cards with blessing for their friends and relatives. Finally, there was a very famous legend about the Santa Claus. It was said that he was Bishop St. Nicholas who was very generous and often helped the poor. He dressed a red coat and sent gifts to the poor children, and he also brought the warmth and wishes to the western world. 51

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