壹 研究背景與動機 Erikson 1968, Baumeister, Wotman, & Stillwell, 1993; Wilson, 20

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1 doi: /jlis (2).039 愛情小說之情緒療癒效用研究 以遭遇感情困擾的大學生為例 The Emotional Healing Efficacy of Romance Fiction for Undergraduates with Love-related Emotional Disturbance Problems: An Exploratory Research 1 Chen Su-may Sheih 1 摘要 18 Abstract Previous studies have revealed that emotional healing reading materials can sooth readers negative emotions. Among the various reading materials, the romance fiction is a genre of high healing efficacy for undergraduate students who encounter love-related emotional disturbance. To explore the problems they experience in love relationships and the emotional healing efficacy of romance fictions for such situations, this study first employed content analysis to identify a list of fictions that are considered of emotional healing efficacy. It continued to conduct an online survey to examine the emotional healing process in undergraduate students reading experiences. The results showed that undergraduate students often experienced one-sided love, ambiguous relationship, lack of intimacy, rivalry, conflict, and breakup. It also identified 18 Chinese romance titles that may assist the readers to go through the emotional healing stages of identification, catharsis, and insight. Keywords: Romance Fiction; Emotional Healing; Developmental Bibliotherapy; Love-related Emotional Disturbance Problems; Undergraduate 1 Department of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan synn@ntu.edu.tw 39

2 壹 研究背景與動機 Erikson 1968, Baumeister, Wotman, & Stillwell, 1993; Wilson, emotional healing efficacy Baruchson-Arbib, 2000; Bodart, 2006; Russell & Shrodes, 1950 developmental bibliotherapy identification catharsis insight Rubin,

3 2013 romance fiction 1998 Cawelti, 1976; Chelton, 1991; Ramsdell, 1999 Neylon, 2003 content analysis 貳 文獻探討 Erikson 1968,

4 Baumeister et. al, Fine & Sacher, 1997; Kaczmarek, Backlund, & Biemer, bibliotherapy healing reading reading therapy Jones, 2001; Pardeck & Pardeck, Hynes & Hynes-Berry, 1986; Rubin, 1978; Smith,

5 Cook, Earles-Vollrath, & Ganz, 2006; Doll & Doll, 1997; Hynes & Hynes-Berry, 1994; Sturm, Lenkowsky, 1987; Sturm, 2003 Brewster, 2008; Lenkowsky, 1987; Morawski, 1997 Doll & Doll, 1997; Sullivan & Strang, 2002 Canfield, 1990; Sturm, 2003 resilience 2002 Cawelti, 1976; Maatta, 2010; Ramsdell, 1999 genre

6 Radway, 1984; Ramsdell, 1999; Ricker-Wilson, Ramsdell, 1999; Maatta, 2010 Neylon, 2003; Okwilagwe, 2011; Radway, 1984 Allen, 參 研究設計與實施 2003 Sproull,

7 Cornett & Cornett, 1980; Stanley, 1999; Stephens, 1981 purposive sampling NCCU NCKU-chat Bulletin Board System, BBS

8 anobii ireading anobii book novel Romances Fiction JPliterature

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15 53 (3) R49 R89 R49 R89 R49 R89 ( ) (1) R74 R74 R74 (2) R69 R74 R69 R74

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17 55 R65 R65 (3) R13 R65 R65 R13 R65 R13 R65 ( ) (1) R24 R62 R24 R62 17 R24 R62

18 (2) R102 R62 R102 R62 R102 R62 (3) R23 R24 R23 R24 R23 R24 伍 結論與討論 2003

19 PS, ( ) PS, Lenkowsky, 1987; Pardeck & Pardeck, 1984; Sturm,

20 ( ) 29 PS, Lenkowsky, 1987; Sturm, 2003 ( ) PS, Lenkowsky, 1987; Pardeck & Pardeck, 1984; Sturm,

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23 Lin, An 2005 The beneficial form of undergraduate psychological health education-bibliotherapy Library Work in Colleges and Universities 25(107) Lin, I-Min Chen, Jeaw-Mei 1995 Love style, jealousy and relation satisfaction Journal of Education and Psychology Chiu, Yu-Tz 2008 The research about cross-sex friendship and romantic love of college students Unpublished master s thesis Graduate Institute of Guidance and Counseling, National Kaohsiung Normal University Kaohsiung [Shao, Dao-Sheng] , September 2 42 [Sheng cun zhi hui 42: Yu chun de, bu bei ren li jie de ai: Dan lian] Newsgroup Retrieved from wenhua/27296/ html# Shih, Eunice Charng-Hua 1988 [Taiwan di qu er tong wen xue zuo pin dui du shu zhi liao shi qie xing de yan jiu] Tainan Fu Wen Books Ke, Pin-Wen 2013 Internet literary themes and media influence K.U.A.S. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 10(1) Ko, Ching-Teng BBS The collective constitution of on-line virtual identification-the Taiwan BBS on-line novel community and its fan culture Unpublished master s thesis Department of Sociology, Tunghai University Taichung [Wei, Li-Wen] , January 31 [Da xue tu shu guan jie yue lu yan qing xiao shuo dui da Jin Yong] United Evening News 10 Hsiu, Hui-Lan Sun, Son-Hein 2003 [Da xue sheng ai qing guan xi fen shou li cheng zhi yan jiu] Formosa Journal of Mental Health 15(4)

24 [Gong, Mei-Ling] [Cong, Zhong] [Wang, Ri-Jiang] [Gao, Zhi-Fang] [Wang, Lian-Yun] [Zhao, Miao-Qing] 1999 [Yi xue sheng xin li kun rao jie jue fang shi de diao cha] Journal of Social Science of Hunan Medical University 1999(3) [Gong, Mei-Ling] [Cong, Zhong] [Wang, Lian-Yun] 2002 [You zhu yu jie jue da xue sheng xin li wen ti de shu kan lei bie diao cha] Chinese Journal of School Health 23(5) [Yuan, Zhi-Hao] , February 22 [Qing shang ge wan chuan xie shou zhang jiu yi ming] United Daily News A18 John Tung Foundation [2005 nian - Da xue sheng zhu guan sheng huo ya li yu you yu qing xiang zhi xiang guan xing diao cha] Retrieved from survey.asp?this=66 [Gao, Wan-Yu] , June 19 [Bu xiang fen nu da sheng tiao che nan you: Cei ding le] United Daily News B1 [Gao, Pei-De] , June 7 [He nu you fen shou nan da sheng shi lian] United Daily News B1 [Zhang, Yu-Qi] , February Pixnet BBS PTT 75 [Peng hung wu ming xiao zhan, yang chu Pixnet de BBS: PTT ji shu lao diao ya 75 wan wang you hai shi zui ai ta] Business Next Chang, Yi-Luen 2013 The prediction of college student s attitude toward love to adjustment of intimate relationship Angry expression as mediator Unpublished master s thesis Department of Psychology, Soochow University Taipei [Zhang, Shu-Han] , December 26 [Shi ti shang jia lian ming xiang min li liang jin hua] Lihpao Daily Retrieved from

25 [Zhang, Ya-Wen] , March 16 EQ 1 [Ai qing EQ liang biao 1 cheng da xue sheng you kong bu qing ren qing xiang] Newsgroup Retrieved from Article/3466 Department of Statistics, Minister of Education 2005 [Da xue sheng xue xi ji sheng huo yi xiang diao cha bao gao] Retrived from moe.gov.tw/files/ebook/others/.pdf Chan, Tiger C. F Romantic relationships of Hong Kong youngsters Journal of Youth Studies 4(2) Chen, Yu-Jean 2001 [Da xue sheng ai qing guan xi fen shou de yan jiu] Journal of General Education [Chen, Yi-Jing] , March 30 EQ [Ai qing EQ diao cha/ Da xue sheng tan lian ai zui hen pi tui] Liberty Times Net Retrieved from [Chen, Yi-Jing] n.d. [Da xue bi xiu xue fen?~ai qing xian suan tian] Retrieved from tw/sq/page_show.asp?page_id=6285 Chen, Kuan-Hua 2002 Research on internet user s behavior of reading fiction Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences 40(2) Sheih, Chen Su-May 2008 Bibliotherapeutics service and the library University Library Journal 12(2) doi: /univj Sheih, Chen Su-May Hung, Hsin-Jou 2012 A study of the undergraduates demand for emotional healing reading materials University Library Journal 16(1) doi: /univj Sheih, Chen Su-May Hung, Hsin-Jou 2013 An analysis on reading materials emotional healing efficacy for undergraduates Journal of Library and Information Science 39(2) doi: /JLIS /618 63

26 Sheih, Chen Su-May Chang Chien, Pi-Fen 2013 A study on emotional healing fiction for undergraduate students Journal of Library and Information Sciences 11(1) doi: / jlis (1).055 [Tao, Guo-Fu] [Wang, Xiang- Xing] Eds [Da xue sheng lian ai xin li] Shanghai East China University of Science and Technology Press Tseng, Wen-Chih 2007 A study on the development of the college student problems assessment inventory Chinese Annual Report of Guidance and Counseling Tseng, Chi-Feng 2011 My love, how much I wish you are right by my side The maintenance of intercontinental longdistance dating couple relationship Unpublished master s thesis Department of Psychology and Counseling, National Taipei University of Education Taipei Huang, Teng-Yueh 2003 Qualitative analysis of adolescent dating conflict and development of the coping strategy of dating conflict inventory Unpublished master s thesis Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Romance Novel 2014 Wikipedia Retrieved from zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Yang, Jo-Tzu ~2011 Gender power and sexuality performance: A study on Taiwan romance fiction (1990~2011) Unpublished master s thesis Graduate Institute of Taiwan Literature and Translation Cultural Studies, National Chung Hsing University Taichung Yeh, Nei-Ching 1998 Reading behavior and the acquisition of popular stories in the library University Library Journal 2(2) Yeh, Wei-Ni 2011 A study on emotional healing efficacy of movies for undergraduates students suffering 64

27 breakups in Taiwan Unpublished master s thesis Department and Graduate Institute of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University Taipei [Liu, Ping] [Wang, Hai-Yan] [Chen, Yen-Qiu] Eds [Ai qing xin li xue] Beijing Hualing Press Liu, Whei-Ching 1995 The breaking-up process in dating relationships NSC Project Reports NSC H Unpublished Tsai, Pei New method of data collection Mass Communication Research [Tsai, Shu-Hui] 2006 [Lao shi, wo hao fan!-tan da xue sheng de ya li] Retrieved from tw/~pc/enews951225/new_page_1.htm Cheng, Chao-Shun 2011 The psychology of fallingin-love and separation counseling Journal of Kao Yuan University 17(2) Hsieh, Tsai-Yao 2001 A survey of extracurricular reading on National Taitung Teachers College students Unpublished master s thesis Graduate School of Education, National Taitung Teachers College Taitung [Beng] 2011 [Chun ai he kong ju] Web blog message Retrieved from com/01d69dd12da1718fe3/books Lo, Tzu-Chi La, Nien-Hwa 2010 The mental process of suffering experience from breakingups of college students Journal of Family Education and Counseling [Luo, Zhi-Hua] 2005 [You yu, man yan da xue cheng?] Health for All Allen, T. (2004). Mystery and the romance reader. Collection Management, 29(3-4), doi: /J105v29n03_12 65

28 Baruchson-Arbib, S. (2000). Bibliotherapy in school libraries: An Israeli experiment. School Libraries Worldwide, 6(2), Baumeister, R. F., Wotman, S. R., & Stillwell, A. M. (1993). Unrequited love: On heartbreak, anger, guilt, scriptlessness, and humiliation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(3), doi: / Bodart, J. R. (2006). Books that help, books that heal: Dealing with controversy in YA literature. Young Adult Library Services, 5(1), Brewster, L. (2008). Medicine for the soul. Public Library Journal, 23(2), Canfield, D. (1990). Talking books as bibliotherapy for the elderly, disabled person. Illinois Libraries, 72(4), Cawelti, J. G. (1976). Adventure, mystery, and romance: Formula stories as art and popular culture. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago. Chelton, M. K. (1991). Unrestricted body parts and predictable bliss: The audience appeal of formula romances. Library Journal, 116(12), Cook, K. E., Earles-Vollrath, T., & Ganz, J. B. (2006). Bibliotherapy. Intervention in School and Clinic, 42(2), doi: / Cornett, C. E., & Cornett, C. F. (1980). Bibliotherapy: The right book at the right 66 time. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. Doll, B., & Doll, C. (1997). Bibliotherapy with young people: Librarians and mental health professionals working together. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited. Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York, NY: Norton. Erikson, E. H. (1993). Childhood and society. New York, NY: Norton. Fine, M. A., & Sacher, J. A. (1997). Predictors of distress following relationship termination among dating couples. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 16(4), doi: /jscp Hynes, A. M., & Hynes-Berry, M. (1986). Bibliotherapy: The interactive process. Boulder, CO: Westview. Hynes, A. M., & Hynes-Berry, M. (1994). Biblio/poetry therapy, the interactive process: A handbook. St. Cloud, MN: North Star. Jones, E. H. (2001). Bibliotherapy for bereaved children: Healing reading. London, England: Jessica Kingsley. Kaczmarek, P., Backlund, B., & Biemer, P. (1990). The dynamics of ending a romantic relationship: An empirical assessment of grief. Journal of College Student Development, 31(4), Lenkowsky, R. S. (1987). Bibliotherapy: A review and analysis of the literature. The

29 Journal of Special Education, 21(2), doi: / Maatta, S. L. (2010). A Few good books: Using contemporary readers advisory strategies to connect readers to books. New York, NY: Neal-Schuman. Morawski, C. M. (1997). A role for bibliotherapy in teacher education. Reading Horizons, 37(3), Neylon, V. L. (2003, March). Reading and writing the romance novel: An analysis of romance fiction and its place in the community classroom. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, New York, NY. Okwilagwe, O. A. (2011). Bibliotherapeutic influence on Nigerian female university students: Self-report on sexual attitudes and behaviors. US-China Education Review A, 1(1), Pardeck, J. A., & Pardeck, J. T. (1984). Young people with problems: A guide to bibliotherapy. Westport, CT: Greenwood. Pardeck, J. A., & Pardeck, J. T. (1993). Bibliotherapy: A clinical approach for helping children. Langhorne, PA: Gordon and Breach Science. Radway, J. A. (1984). Reading the romance: Women, patriarchy, and popular literature. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina. Ramsdell, K. (1999). Romance fiction: A guide to the genre. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited. Ricker-Wilson, C. (1999). Busting textual bodices: Gender, reading, and the popular romance. The English Journal, 88(3), doi: / Rubin, R. J. (1978). Using bibliotherapy: A guide to theory and practice. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press. Rubin, R. J. (1981). The bibliographic structure of bibliotherapy and the role of the journal in the field s development. The Serials Librarian, 5(1), doi: / J123v05n01_12 Russell, D. H., & Shrodes, C. (1950). Contributions of research in bibliotherapy to the language-arts program. The School Review, 58(6), doi: / Smith, A. G. (1991). Whatever happened to library education for bibliotherapy: A state of the art. Advances in Library Administration and Organization, 9, Sproull, L. S. (1986). Using electronic mail for data collection in organizational research. The Academy of Management Journal, 29(1), doi: / Stanley, J. D. (1999). Reading to heal: How to use bibliotherapy to improve your life. Boston, MA: Element. 67

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31 Journal of Library and Information Studies 12:2 (December 2014) p doi: /jlis (2).039 The Emotional Healing Efficacy of Romance Fiction for Undergraduates with Love-related Emotional Disturbance Problems: An Exploratory Research Chen Su-may Sheih 1 Extended Abstract 1. Introduction According to many student counseling centers in Taiwan, love-related emotional disturbance is the major reason for which undergraduate students turn to mental health advisors for help (Tsai, 2006; Wang, Wei, & Lin, 2009). The frequently reported problems include one-sided love, ambiguous relationship, conflict, breakup, etc. (Chen, n.d.; Cho & Lin, 2003; Huang, 2003; Tseng, 2011; Yeh, 2011). These problems result in negative emotions such as suffering, depression, and sadness. Some students may seek relief through reading romance fictions when facing such situations (Sheih & Chang Chien, 2013). The use of reading for the purpose of emotional healing is at the core of the developmental bibliotherapy. The mechanism of the healing process includes three stages. In the first stage of identification, the readers feel personally connected to specific story characters and begin to sympathize with the fictional personage (Brewster, 2008; Lenkowsky, 1987; Morawski, 1997). In the second stage of catharsis, the readers fully immerse themselves in the story and go on the emotional journey 1 Department of Library and Information Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan synn@ntu.edu.tw Note. This extended English abstract is supplied by the JLIS editors and approved by the author. To cite this article in APA format: Sheih, C. S.-M. (2014). The emotional healing efficacy of romance fiction for undergraduates with love-related emotional disturbance problems: An exploratory research. Journal of Library and Information Studies, 12(2), doi: / jlis (2).039 [Text in Chinese]. To cite this article in Chicago format: Chen Su-may Sheih. The emotional healing efficacy of romance fiction for undergraduates with love-related emotional disturbance problems: An exploratory research. Journal of Library and Information Studies 12 no. 2 (2014): doi: / jlis (2).039 [Text in Chinese]. 69

32 Journal of Library and Information Studies 12:2 (December 2014) with the story characters, through which their own negative feelings are released (Doll & Doll, 1997; Sullivan & Strang, 2002). In the third stage of insight, the readers arrive at a refreshed and calming state in which they regain rationality, positive attitudes, and possibly new solutions to their real-life problems (Canfield, 1990; Sturm, 2003). Romance fictions are a good source of emotional healing for those who are suffering from intimate relationship problems. Romance fictions often contain plots of conflicts and barriers that echo readers real life problems. The readers may reflect on the fictional stories and derive solutions to their real problems (Neylon, 2003). This study sought to identify the types of love-related emotional disturbance problems of undergraduates and to examine the emotional healing efficacy of the sample romance fictions that had been selected for this study. The results may shed lights on the adoption of bibliotherapy in university counseling services and may benefit the collection development of university libraries. Two specific research questions raised in this study are: 1. What love-related emotional disturbance problems may bother undergraduate students? 2. What is the emotional healing efficacy of romance fictions for undergraduate students? 2. Methodology This study, firstly, used Web content analysis to identify a list of 47 romance fictions in Chinese (including original and translated works) that are considered to have emotional healing efficacy. The selection of the fictions was based on various bibliographies, top sales in online bookstores, reading-related social media, and the bulletin board system (BBS). Online reviews and reader comments of the candidate works were collected and coded to determine what emotional healing efficacy had manifested in each specific title. Secondly, an online survey was distributed to voluntary undergraduate participants to understand their love-related problems, the titles they had read in a problem context, and the reading experiences with those specific titles. The 47 romance fictions previously identified were listed in the questionnaire for the participants to check given that they had read them for emotional healing purposes in a love-related problem situation; they were also allowed to supply titles that were not included in the list. Participants were asked to describe and explain what the effects were from the reading of the titles they had checked/supplied in the questionnaire. Participants were recruited via PTT BBS, the largest bulletin system in Taiwan that is highly popular among university students. A 70

33 The Emotional Healing Efficacy of Romance Fiction for Undergraduates with Love-related Emotional Disturbance Problems total of 105 valid returns were used for the analysis, including 29 from male students and 76 from female students. Participants aged between 18 and 24 (but mostly between 19 and 22) and were distributed evenly among the four years of the university. 3. Findings 3.1 Love-related problem types Based on the coding of the survey results, the participants have been bothered by six different problems that induced by intimate relationship. 1. One-sided love: one may constantly guess and surmise in vain due to the uncertainty of the situation or may suffer from avoidance. 2. Ambiguous relationship: one may constantly suffer from worries due to the unacknowledged relationship status. 3. Lack of intimacy: one may suffer from the feelings of emptiness, loneliness, and uneasiness due to the lack of a romantic relationship or due to the lack of close contact and intimacy in a long-distance relationship. 4. Rivalry: one may suffer from worries and torment when he/she is aware of a competitor that might threaten the relationship. 5. Conflict: one may suffer from dissatisfaction, fatigue, and negativity when conflicts arise in a relationship. 6. Breakup: one may suffer from the incapability to accept the breakup or possibly self-blaming for the breakup. 3.2 The emotional healing efficacy of romance fictions The participants together checked 14 of the 47 titles included in the online survey. They supplied 32 other titles that were not included in the questionnaire, which resulted in 46 titles in the analysis. As to the emotional healing efficacy of the titles, the participants comments showed that 26 titles were assistive in generating identification, 29 in catharsis, 43 in insight, and 18 were capable of inducing all three stages. Table 1 shows the 18 titles and the problems they addressed as experienced by the participants. 4. Conclusion The analysis found that participants experiences were usually consistent with the evolving stages of identification, catharsis, and insight. First, participants gender, behavior, mindset, and love experiences were associated with their identification with the story characters. Second, reading allowed the participants to live precariously through the story characters, through which their previous negative emotions caused by their real life problems were mitigated and released. Third, participants reported positive changes in 71

34 Journal of Library and Information Studies 12:2 (December 2014) Table 1. The Romance Fictions with Full Emotional Healing Efficacy Title Author No. of Associated Respondents Problems PS, I Love You (PS, ) Cecelia Ahern ( ) 14 Breakup, onesided love Café. Waiting. Love. ( ) Giddens ( ) 14 One-sided love The God of Love ( ) Giddens ( ) 13 Breakup The First Intimate Contact ( ) * Socrates in Love ( ) * You Are the Apple of My Eye ( ) * The Undomestic Goddess( ) Call Me by Your Name ( ) Calmi Cuori Appassionati -Rosso ( ( )) * The Time Traveler s Wife ( ) Love is Full Count ( ) jht ( ) 6 One-sided love Kyoichi Katayama ( ) 4 One-sided love Giddens ( ) 3 Ambiguous relationship Sophie Kinsella ( ) 3 Conflict Andre Aciman ( ) 2 One-sided love Kaori Ekuni ( ) 2 Breakup, onesided love Audrey Niffenegger ( ) 2 Breakup, lack of intimacy Giddens ( ) 2 Breakup * Shih Nian De Ni ( ) Hiyawu ( ) 1 Conflict * A Choo ( ) Giddens ( ) 1 One-sided love * The End of Drifting ( ) Hiyawu ( ) 1 Conflict * South of the Border, West of the Sun ( ) L Occupation ( ) Haruki Murakami ( ) 1 Breakup Annie Ernaux ( ) 1 Love rival Stone Butch Blues ( T) Leslie Feinberg ( ) 1 Lack of intimacy * Ting Ni Ting Wo Shuo Zai Jian ( ) AAKKII ( ) 1 One-sided love * Titles supplied by survey respondents. 72

35 The Emotional Healing Efficacy of Romance Fiction for Undergraduates with Love-related Emotional Disturbance Problems attitudes and understanding of the intimate relationship. Future studies may continue to explore the emotional healing efficacy of poetry, essays, and other literary genres in order to enrich the text repertoire for bibliotherapy. References Allen, T. (2004). Mystery and the romance reader. Collection Management, 29(3-4), doi: /J105v29n03_12 Baruchson-Arbib, S. (2000). Bibliotherapy in school libraries: An Israeli experiment. School Libraries Worldwide, 6(2), Baumeister, R. F., Wotman, S. R., & Stillwell, A. M. (1993). Unrequited love: On heartbreak, anger, guilt, scriptlessness, and humiliation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(3), doi: / [Beng]. (2011). [Chun ai he kong ju] [Web blog message]. Retrieved from anobii.com/01d69dd12da1718fe3/books Bodart, J. R. (2006). Books that help, books that heal: Dealing with controversy in YA literature. Young Adult Library Services, 5(1), Brewster, L. (2008). Medicine for the soul. Public Library Journal, 23(2), Canfield, D. (1990). Talking books as bibliotherapy for the elderly, disabled person. Illinois Libraries, 72(4), Cawelti, J. G. (1976). Adventure, mystery, and romance: Formula stories as art and popular culture. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago. Chan, T. C. F. (2001). Romantic relationships of Hong Kong youngsters. Journal of Youth Studies, 4(2), Chang, Y.-L. (2013). The prediction of college student s attitude toward love to adjustment of intimate relationship Angry expression as mediator (Unpublished master s thesis). Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Taipei. Chelton, M. K. (1991). Unrestricted body parts and predictable bliss: The audience appeal of formula romances. Library Journal, 116(12), Chen, K.-H. (2002). Research on internet user s behavior of reading fiction. Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences, 40(2), Chen, Yu-Jean (2001). [Da xue sheng ai qing guan xi fen shou de yan jiu]. Journal of General Education, 3, [Chen, Yi-Jing] (2012, March 30). [Ai qing EQ diao cha/ Da xue sheng tan lian ai zui hen pi tui]. Liberty Times Net. Retrieved from [Chen, Yi-Jing] (n.d.). [Da xue bi xiu xue fen?~ai qing xian suan tian]. Retrieved 73

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