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1 32 3 Vol. 32,No ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA May, ,2 1 1 (11, ;21, ) EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF L EPTURICHTHYS FIMBRIATA ( GΒNTHER) (CYPRINIFORMES :BALITORIDAE) XIONG Yu2Yu 1, QIAO Ye 1,2, LIU Huan2Zhang 1 and TAN De2Qing 1 (11 Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan ; 21 Institute of Hydroecology, MWR and CAS, Wuhan ) :;;; Key words :Jinshajiang River ; Balitoridae ; Early development ; Drifting egg :Q95414 :A : (2008) Lepturichthys fimbriata ( G nther) (Cypriniformes) (Balitoridae) ( Lepturichthys),,,, [1 3 ] 4 6, [4 ], [5 ], Hora [6 ], [7 ] 5,, [8 ],,, [9 ] ( Coreius heterodon) ( Coreius guichenoti),( Leptobotia elongata ) [10,11 ],,, , 20km,200m,, , cm,5m m/ s 112,150mL , 6 20,500 ml, (26 1) ( Artemia nauplii), 113,Nikon995 (300 ),10min, 30min : ;: : (SX ) ; ( ) ; ( ) :(1981 ),, ;; E2mail ac. cn :,E2mail : ac. cn

2 3 : 425 (MS2222),4h, Photoshop ,,,,, [12 ], b,, b, 2 211,( ) mm( n = 6), ( ) mm ( n = 36),,, , 10, (: ) (Embryo period), 6 (Phase),35 (Step),( 1) Tab11 Embryonic development of Lepturichthys fimbriata ( G nther) (water tempeture : ) ( : ) Phases and Time post fertilization Main characters Plate list steps (h :m) Zygote phase Elevation of blastodisc Cleavage phase 2 2 cell 4 4 cell 8 8 cell cell cell 0 :45,,,,,,( ) mm( n = 6), ( ) mm ( n = 36) 1 :00,,, 1 :15,, :30,, : , 2 :16, cell 2 :32, cell Blastula phase Morula 2 :52,, 3 :18,, 24 25

3 ( : ) Phases and Time post fertilization Main characters Plate list steps (h :m) Early blastula Mid blastula 4 :17, 26 5 :24, 27 Late blastula Gastrula phase Early gastrula Mid gastrula 6 :03, 7 :00, 50 %,, 8 :01,, Late gastrula Neurula 8 :56 80 %,, :31,, 212 Closure of blastopore Organogenesis phase 10 :00,,, 213 Optic rudiment 10 :30,, 214 Appearance of myomere 11 :00 1 3,, 215 Optic vesicle Olfactory placode Tail bud 12 :00,7,5/ :28,,, :01,11, 3 V, 218 Otic capsule Tail vesicle Appearance of caudal fin Formation of lens 14 :05,,,13,,,, 15 :05 ( Kupffer s vesicle),15, 15 :32,17,, 16 :11,,,,20,,

4 3 : 427 ( : ) Phases and Time post fertilization Main characters Plate list steps (h :m) Muscular contraction 17 :06,,23, 223 Rudiment of heart Appearance of otoliths 18 :18,27,,, 19 :15,31,, Heart pulsation 21 :26,35,,, 226 Rudiment of pectoral fin Free embryo phase Hatching Gill arch Melanoid eye Appearance of barbels 25 :34,,, 37,,, 34 : mm,39 ( ),,, 90,0109mm,;,;,, 3 ;,;,, 42 : mm,0113mm,41 ( ), 2 ; ;, ;7 ;,;, 47 : mm,0117mm,, 7,,,,,,, 65 : mm,0117mm,,, a,b Zygote phase,,,,,,,,, Cleavage phase 128,, 15min,,, Blastula phase,,,,, Gastrula phase,,,,,, Organogenesis phase,,,,,, 7,,11, V,,,,, 23,,,,,,

5 , Free embryo phase,,,, ;;,,,,,,, 213 (Larvae period),,, 2,7 ( 2) 2 (: (26 1) ) Tab12 Larval and juvenile development of Lepturichthys fimbriata ( G nther) (water tempeture : (26 1) ) ( ) Phases and Time post hatching Main characters Plate list steps (d) Yolk2sac larva phase Emergence of air bladder One chamber air bladder Late larva phase Exhaustion of york Formation of ventral fin Formation of dorsal fin Formation of anal fin Concave caudal fin mm,0121mm,,2,,,,,,,,,, mm,0127mm,,,,,,,,,, mm,0134mm,;,,,,,;, ;,,;,,; ; ; 15,, mm,0141mm, ;, ;, 10 ;,9 ; ;17,;Y, mm,0147mm, ;, 5 ;, ;,;,;, ;,D 28 ;, ;, mm,0152mm,A 25 ;, ;,;,;, mm,0166mm,,,,,,

6 3 : 429 ( ) Phases and Time post hatching Main characters Plate list steps (d) Juvenile phase Formation of scales Formation of color pattern, mm,0171mm,,; 5,2 ;, ;, ;,;,, ;,, mm,0185mm, 10, ; ;,,,,5,,,, Yolk2sac larva phase,,, Late larva phase,,, 214 (Juvenile period),2, ( 2) 215,,,,,, ( ) mm( n = 11) ( ) mm ( n = 6) ( ) mm( n = 5),,,,,,,, , 50 ( ) 39 ( ) 38 ( ),,,,,,, 16h44min,18h44min, 24h15min,,,,,, ( 3),,,,,,,,,

7 () Tab1 3 Comparison of the timing of barbel, ventral fin, dorsal fin and scales in Lepturichthys fimbriata,leptobotia elongate and Coreius guichenoti (dph) Species Appearance of barbels Formation of ventral fin Formation of dorsal fin Formation of scales Formation of color pattern L1 fimbriata L1 elongate C1 guichenoti (The theory of saltato2 ry ontogeny), (Natural thresholds) [13 ] (Embryo) (Larva) (Juvenile) ( Periods) ( Phases), 9 (Steps), 44 [7,9 11,14 ], ( Rhodeus sericeus), ( Cyprinus carpio), [15 ], ( Misgurnus an2 guillicaudatus),,,, [16 ] ( ), ( ) [13 ], [17 ], ( ),,,, Tilapia mossambica (Peters) [18 ] 44,, 312,, 4 6 [4,7 ] 20,,, 10 cm,,,,,,,,,,,,;, ;, [14 ], [2,4 ], ;,,,,,,,,, [19 ] 2d,,0121mm,,,

8 3 : 431,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, : [ 1 ] Chen Y Y,Tang W Q. Homalopterinae [A]. In : Fauna Sinica Oste2 ichthyes Scypriniformes 2 [ C]. Beijing : Science Press. 2000, [,.. : (). :. 2000, ] [ 2 ] Fish Laboratory, Insitute of Hydrobiology, Hubei Province. Fishes in the Yangtze River [M]. Beijing : Science Press [.. : ] [ 3 ] Tang W Q, Chen Y Y. Study on taxonomy of Homalopteridae [J ]. Journal of Shanghai Fishery University, 2000,9 (1) : 1 10 [,.., 2000,9(1) : 1 10 ] [ 4 ] Ding R H. The Fishes of Sichuan. [M]. Chengdu : Sichuan Publish2 ing House of Science and Technology [.. : ] [ 5 ] Tang Q Y. Molecular Phylogeny of the Cobitoidea ( Teleostei : Cypriniformes). [D]. Ph. D. thesis, Huazhong Agriculture Univer2 sity. Wuhan [..,, ] [ 6 ] Hora S L. Classification, bionomics and evolution of homalopterid fishes [J ]. Mem. Indian Mus., 1932, 12 (2) : [ 7 ] Li H D. Observation on reproductive and postembryonic development of Lepturichthys g ntheri Hora [ J ]. Chinese Jorunal of Zoology, 1965, 2 : [.., 1965, 2 :79 83 ] [ 8 ] He S P, Yue P Q, Chen Y Y. Comparative study on the morphology and development of the pharyngeal dentition in the families of Cypriniformes [J ]. Acta Zoollgica Sinica, 1997, 43 (3) : [,,.., 1997, 43 (3) : ] [ 9 ] Yu Z T, Liang Z X, Yi B L. The early development of Coreius het2 erodon and Coreius guichenoti [ J ]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1984, 8 (4) : [,,.., 1984,8(4) : ] [10 ] Liang Y Q, Xie C X, Hu X J, et al. Observation on the embryonic development of Leptobotia elongata [J ]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1999,23 (6) : [,,,..,1999,23(6) : ] [11 ] Liang Y Q, Hu XJ, Yu GL, et al. Postembryonic development and growth of larval and juvenile elongate loach Leptobotia elongata (Bleeker) [J ]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2004, 28 (1) : [,,,..,2004, 28 (1) : ] [12 ] Liu H Z, Zhu Y R, Carl S, et al. Evidence of host specificity and congruence between phylogenies of bitterling and freshwater mussels [J ]. Zoolgical Studies, 2006,45 (3) : [13 ] Balon E K. Saltatory ontogeny and the life2history model : neglected processes and patterns of evolution [J ]. Journal of Bioeconomics, 2001,3 :1 26 [14 ] Yi B L, Yu Z T, Liang Z X, et al. Gezhouba water control project and four famous fishes in Yangtze River [ M]. Wuhan : Hubei Sci2 ence and Technology Press [,,,.. : ] [15 ] Aldridge D C. Development of European bitterling in the jills of freshwater mussels [J ], Journal of Fish Biology, 1999,54 : [16 ] Zheng W B. Observation on the embryonic and larval development of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ( Cantor) [J ]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 1985,9(1) :37 47 [..,1985,9(1) :37 47 ] [ 17 ] Wang J W, Qiao Y, Tao YL. Feeding and starvation tolerance of the Yolk2sac larvae of Gobiocypris rarus[j ]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1999, 23 (6) : [,,..,1999,23 (6) : ] [ 18 ] Lin D. Development periods of embryo, larva and juvenile in Tilapia mossambica (Peters) [J ]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1965, 5(2) : [. Tilapia mossambica (Peters) [J ]., 1965, 5(2) : ] [19 ] Wang X Z, Liu H Z. Phylogenetic relationships of the Chinese cyprinid genus Rhinogobio Bleeker (Teleostei : Cyprinidae) based on sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region, with comments on character adaptations [J ]. Hydrobiologia, 2005,532 :

9 Plate Embryonic development of L. fimbriata ;2. 32 ;3. 64 ; ;5. ;6. ;7. ;8. ;9 ;10. ;11. ;12. ;13. ;14. ;15. ;16. ;17. ;18. ;19. ;20. ;21. ;22. ;23. ;24. ;25. ;26. ;27. ; cell ;2. 32cell ;3. 64cell ;4. 128cell ;5. Morula ;6. Early blastula ;7. Mid blastula ;8. Late blastula ;9 Early gastrula ;10. Mid gastrula ;11. Late gastru2 la ;12. Neurula ;13. Closure of blastopore ;14. Optic rudiment ;15. Appearance of myomere ;16. Optic vesicle ;17. Olfactory placode ;18. Tail bud ;19. Otic capsule ;20. Tail vesicle ;21. Appearance of caudal fin ;22. Formation of lens ;23. Muscular contraction ;24. Rudiment of heart ;25. Appearance of otoliths ; 26. Heart pulsation ;27. Rudiment of pectoral fin ;28. Hatching

10 3 : 433 Plate Eleutheroembryonic, larval and juvenile development of L. fimbriata 1. ;2. ;3a, b. ;4a, b. ;5. ;6. ;7. ;8. ;9. ;10. ;11. ; Gill arch ; 2. Melanoid eye ; 3a, b. Appearance of barbels ; 4a, b. Emergence of air bladder ; 5. One chamber air bladder ; 6. Exhaustion of york ; 7. Formation of ventral fin ;8. Formation of dorsal fin ;9. Formation of anal fin ;10. Concave caudal fin ;11. Formation of scales ;12. Formation of color pattern

14 Chinese Journal of Zoology 43 highly degree before hatching,such as pectoral fin bud, gill plate, gas bladder, semicircular canal, evident mandible

14 Chinese Journal of Zoology 43 highly degree before hatching,such as pectoral fin bud, gill plate, gas bladder, semicircular canal, evident mandible Chinese Journal of Zoology 2008,43 (5) :13 24 3 ( 637009) : ( Ctenogobius giurinus) 4 6,2 3 h, 1 2 min,30 50,1 000 1 600,,,01453 01644 mm,,,,1 30, 1 4 4 min,7 : 2213 2517, 109 h 52 min,,21485 21640 mm,01350