common; whereas the other three types can be considered diagnostic of several genera, such as hemiparacytic type for Aphania oligophylla, Pomet

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1 2008, 30 (4) : Acta Botanica Yunnanica DOI: SP. J ,2, 1 (1, ; 2, ; 3, ) :, ,, 6, ( Cardiospermum halicacabum Eurycorymbus cavaleriei ), ( Allophylus caudatu Handeliodendron bodinieri Delavaya toxocarpa 16 ), ( Amesiodendron chinense Aesculus chinensis Dipteronia sinensis 11 ) ( Dimocarpus longan Litchi chinensisnephelium chryseum 6 ), ( Aphania oligophylla Pometia tomentosa Xerospermum bonii Harpullia cupaniodes) ( Pavieasia kwangsiensis), Cardiospermum halicacabum, ;,,, : ; ; ; ; : Q 944, Q 949 : A : (2008 ) Structural Characters of Leaf Epidermis and Their Systematic Significance in Sapindaceae from China CAO LiMin 1, 2, XIA NianHe 1 ** ( 1 Institute of Economic Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou , China ; 2 Department of Life Sciences, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang , China ; 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China) Abstract: Leaf epidermis of 33 species representing 25 genera of Sapindaceae, 2 species of Hippocastanaceae and 4 species of 2 genera of Aceraceae was investigated using light microscopy ( LM) and scanning electron microscopy ( SEM). The shapes of leaf epidermal cells of these three families are usually or ; the patterns of anticlinal walls are, arched or. The stomatal apparatuses, only present on the abaxial epidermis for all sampled species ( except for Cardiospermum halicacabum and Eurycorymbus cavaleriei), can be assigned into six types. The type, occurring in 16 species ( Allophylus caudate, Handeliodendron bodinieri, and Delavaya toxocarpa, etc.) is very common; the type, occurring in 11 species ( Amesiodendron chinense, Aesculus chinensis, Dipteronia sinensis, etc.), and the cyclocytic type, occurring in 6 species ( Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis, Nephelium chryseum) are comparatively : : Author for correspondence ; nhxia@ scib. ac. cn : , : (1970 ),,,

2 common; whereas the other three types can be considered diagnostic of several genera, such as hemiparacytic type for Aphania oligophylla, Pometia tomentosa and Xerospermum bonii, Harpullia cupaniodes, staurocytic type mainly for Pavieasia kwangsiensis, and anisocytic type only for Cardiospermum halicacabum. Under SEM the cuticular layer of the leaf epidermis is striated, scaly or granular; the inner margin of outer stomatal rim of most species of these three families is undulate. The close relationships among Sapindaceae, Hippocastanaceae and Aceraceae are supported by the evidence from leaf epidermis. Key words: Sapindaceae; Hippocastanaceae ; Aceraceae ; Leaf epidermis; Systematic significance (Sapindaceae) () 150, 2 000,, ,, (, 1955;, 1979, 1985;, 1995;, 2003),, ( Radlkofer, 1886, 1890; Solereder, 1908; Buijsen, 1995),, (, 1991; Wilkinson, 1992;, 2001;, 2003;, 2005;, 2005;, 2006) ( ) 25 33, ( Hippocastanaceae) 1 2 (Aceraceae) (, 1981a, b) 2 4,,,,, 1 ( IBSC), ( IBK) ( 1) 1 cm 1 cm, 30 min, (20% 20% = 1 1),, 1 %,, Olympus Ax %,,,, JEOL JFC1600, JE OL JSM5910 Wilkinson (1979), Dilcher (1974) 2, , , ( : 14) ; ; ( : 2) ( : 7 ) Lepisanthes montana,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( : 1 17, 19; : 20 23) ( ) ( ) ( : 18, : 24 32) : ( ) ( arched)

3 4 : Table 1 Source of materials Species Locality Voucher Cardiospermum halicacabum South China Botanical Garden ( Ye Huagu et al. ) 380 ( IBSC) Allophylus viridis South China Botanical Garden ( Hu Qiming) 7277 ( IBSC) A. caudatus Longzhou, Guangxi (Su Honghan) ( IBSC) A. longipes Xishuangbanna, Yunnan ( Li Yanhui) 1629 ( IBK) A. timorensis Hainan ( Huang Zhi) ( IBK) A. trchophyllus Hainan ( Huang Zhi) ( IBK) Sapindus mukorossi Guangdong Forestry Institute ( Guangdong Wood Exped.) 398 ( IBSC) S. delavayi Chengjiang, Yunnan ( Wang Xiao) ( IBSC) Erioglossum rubiginosum Wanning, Hainan ( Xing Fuwu et al. ) 6149 ( IBSC) Aphania oligophylla Wanning, Hainan ( Xing Fuwu et al. ) 5807 ( IBSC) Lepisanthes hainanensis Yaxian, Hainan, ( Li Zexian, Xing Fuwu) 1289 ( IBSC) L. montana Diaoluo, Hainan ( Hainan Diaoluo Exped.) 2468 ( IBK) Otophora unilocularis Yaxian, Hainan ( Liu Xinqi) 5733 ( IBSC) Dimocarpus longan Bawang Mountains, Hainan, ( Li Zexian, Xing Fuwu) 71 ( IBSC) D. confinis Hengxian, Guangxi (Chen Zhaozhou ) ( IBK) Litchi chinensis Wanning, Hainan ( Xing Fuwu et al. ) 6049 ( IBSC) Nephelium chryseum Dinghu, Guangdong ( Huang Cheng) ( IBSC) Pometia tomentosa Xishuangbanna, Yuannan ( Feng Guomei) ( IBSC) Xerospermum bonii Dongxing, Guangxi ( Guangxi Forestry Bureau) ( IBSC) Arytera littoralis Xuwen, Guangdong ( Nan Lu ) 0049 ( IBSC) Mischocarpus hainanensis Lingshui, Hainan ( Anonymous ) 2585 ( IBSC) Pavieasia kwangsiensis Longjin, Guangxi ( Huang Deai) ( IBSC) Amesiodendron chinense Ledong, Hainan ( Liu Xinqi) ( IBSC) A. integrifoliolatum Daxin, Guangxi ( Wang Shanling) 6 ( IBK) Paranephelium hainanensis Tunchang, Hainan, ( Li Zexian, Xing Fuwu) 6064 ( IBSC) Koelreuteria bipinnata Botanical Institute of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou (Chen Shaoqing) 7966 ( IBSC) Dodonaea viscosa Huili, Sichuan ( Hu Qiming) 9806 ( IBSC) Handeliodendron bodinieri Libo, Guizhou (Xu Zhaoran) L1527 ( IBSC) Boniodendron minus Zhaoqing, Guangdong (Shi Guoliang) ( IBSC) Eurycorymbus cavaleriei Lianshan, Guangdong ( Tan Peixiang) ( IBSC) Harpullia cupaniodes Yazhou, Hainan ( FoonChew How) ( IBSC) Delavaya toxocarpa Longjin, Guangxi ( Zhang Zhaoqian ) ( IBSC) Xanthoceras sobifolia Xijiao Garden, Beijing ( Zhao Fu) 0041 ( IBSC) Aesculus chinensis Xiqi, Henan ( Henan Exped.) 928 ( IBSC) A. wilsonii Fadou, Yunnan, ( Zhong Buqin, Kuang Keren) 462 (IBSC) Acer acutum Changhua, Zhejiang ( He Xianyu) 1318 ( IBSC) A. cinnamomifolium Nantou, Taiwan ( Wang Qiumei et al. ) ( IBSC) A. grosseri Shangnan, Shaanxi (Guo Benzhao) 4003 ( IBSC) Dipteronia sinensis Songxian, Henan ( Wu Kejian) 2391 ( IBSC) ( : 43), ; ( : 45), ( ),, ( : 1),, ( : 14), ( type of stomatal apparatus), 6 : (A) ( ) :,,

4 ( ) Table 2 Leaf epidermal characters of the Sapindaceae ( and the relative families ) under LM Taxon Adaxial epidermis Shape Pattern of of anticlinal cells wall Abaxial epidermis Shape Pattern of of anticlinal cells wall Type of stomatal apparat us Other types of stomatal apparatus occasionally observed Plates Cardiospermum halicacabum anisocytic : 1, : 55 Allophylus viridis hemiparacytic : 2, : 33 A. caudatus : 3, : 47 A. longipes A. timorensis A. trchophyllus : 4, Sapindus mukorossi hemiparacytic : 34 S. delavayi cyclocytic : 25 Erioglossum rubig inosum : 26, : 48 Aphani a oligophylla hemiparacytic staurocytic : 23, : 35 Lepisanthes hainanensis : 27, : 36 L. montana : 16, Otophora unilocularis hemiparacytic : 37 Dimocarpus longan cyclocytic : 5, : 79 D. confinis cyclocytic Litchi chinensis cyclocytic : 28, : 80 Nephelium chryseum cyclocytic : 29, : 81 Pometia tomentosa hemiparacytic : 6 : 7, Xerospermum bonii hemiparacytic staurocytic : 38 Arytera littoralis : 8, : 49 Mischocarpus hainanensis cyclocytic staurocytic : 9, : 39 Pavieasia kwangsiensis staurocytic : 10, : 40 Amesiodendron chinense hemiparacytic : 11, : 41

5 4 : Taxon Adaxial epidermis Shape Pattern of of anticlinal cells wall Abaxial epidermis Shape Pattern of of anticlinal cells wall Type of stomatal apparat us Other types of stomatal apparatus occasionally observed Plates A. integrifoliolatum Paranephelium hainanensis : 12, : 50 Koelreuteria bipinnata : 30 Dodonaea viscosa cyclocytic : 31, : 42 Handeliodendron bodinieri : 18, : 43 Boniodendron minus : 13, : 46 Eurycorymbus cavaleriei : 14, : 51 : 15, Harpullia cupaniodes hemiparacytic : 44 Delavaya toxocarpa : 17, : 45 Xanthoceras sobifolia : 32 Aesculus chinensis : 19 A. wilsonii : 20, : 52 Acer acutum : 24 A. cinnamomifolium : 22, : 54 A. grosseri Dipteronia sinensis : 21, : : ( : 33), ( : 47 ),,,, ( : 49), ( : 48 ),, ( : 46 ), ( : 51), ( : 50 ), ( : 17, : 45), (: 43), ( B) ( cyclocytic) : 1,,,, ( : 39 ), ( : 42), 5 6 (C) () : ( : 34),, ( : 41 ),, ( : 36), Lepisanthes Montana, (: 37) (D) ( hemiparacytic ) : 2,, (: 35 ),, ( : 38 ), ( : 44 ), 4 4 ( : 33) ( :

6 ) (E) ( staurocytic) : 3 5 ( : 40 ),, ( : 35), ( : 38), ( : 39) ( F ) ( anisocytic ) :, (: 55) ( : 54) ; ( : 52) (: 53) ( diffuse pattern ) ( island congregating pattern ) ( : 40 ) ( : 34), , : (A),, ( : 75, 76 ) ( : 56) (: 57) (B),, ( : 59 ) ( : 60) ( : 61) ( : 62 ) ( : 63) (C), ( : 65 ) ( : 66 ) ( : 67) (D ), (: 68) (: 69) (E), (: 70) 2.2.2, 3 : (A), ( : 82 ), ( : 83), ( : 84 ), ( : 85 ), ( : 86 ), ( : 87), ( : 88 ), ( : 89) ( : 90 ) (: 91) (B), ( : 92 ), ( : 93 ), ( : 94 ), ( : 95), ( : 96 ), ( : 97), (: 98), ( : 99), ( : 100 ), ( : 101 ), ( : 102 ), (: 104), ( : 105) ( : 103 ), ( : 106 ), ( : 107 ), ( : 108), ( : 109) (C), (: 111) (: 110) T, T ( 2, 3 ) : : (A), ( B) ( C) ( D) T 3.1,, Wilkinson ( 1979 ) :,

7 4 : ( ) Table 3 Leaf epidermal characters of the Sapindaceae ( and the relative families ) under SEM Tribe Taxon Inner margin of outer stomatal rim Cuticular layer Plates Paullinieae Cardiospermum halicacabum nearly smooth with mass undulate stripes and a few granules : 72, : 82 Thouinieae Sapindeae Allophylus viridis undulate with stripes and granules : 62, : 92 A. caudatus undulate with squama and granules : 93 Sapindus mukorossi undulate with many fringy stripes : 94 S. delavayi undulate with stripes and a few squama : 95 Erioglossum rubi ginosum undulate with a few stripes, squama and granules : 56, : 96 Lepisantheae Aphania oligophylla undulate nearly smooth : 57, : 97 ( Aphanieae) Lepisanthes hainanensis nearly smooth with many rounded apophysis : 60, : 83 Otophora unilocularis undulate with granules : 67, : 98 Dimocarpus longan unknown, with many stripes on the adaxial epidermis, and many flowerlike apophysis on the abaxial epidermis : 73, 74, 79 Litchi chinensis unknown, nearly smooth on the adaxial epidermis, and many flower like apophysis on the abaxial epidermis : 75, 76, 80 Nephelieae Nephelium chryseum unknown, with a few stripes and squama on the adaxial epidermis, and many flower like apophysis on the abaxial epidermis : 77, 78, 81 Pometia tomentosa undulate with many stripes and a few granules : 59, : 99 Xerospermum bonii undulate nearly smooth : 100 Arytera littoralis nearly smooth with squama and granules : 65, : 84 Mischocarpus hainanensis nearly smooth with many stripes and a few granules : 85 Cupanieae Pavieasia kwangsiensis nearly smooth with stripes and many rounded apophysis etc. : 61, : 86 Amesiodendron chinense undulate with many squama and granules : 64, : 101 Koelreuterieae Paranephelium hainanensis Koelreuteria bipinnata nearly smooth nearly smooth : 87 nearly smooth with squama and granules : 66, : 88 Dodonaeeae Dodonaea viscosa undulate with apophysis : 63, : 102 Handeliodendron bodinieri undulate with a few stripes and granules : 70, : 103 Boniodendron minus nearly smooth with a few stripes and granules : 89 Eurycorymbus cavaleriei undulate with many stripes and granules : 71, : 104 Harpullia cupaniodes undulate nearly smooth : 105 Delavaya toxocarpa nearly smooth with stripes, squama and granules : 69, : 90 Xanthoceras sobifolia with many stripes : 111 Harpullieae Aesculus chinensis undulate with many stripes and granules : 68, : 106 Aesculus wilsonii undulate with stripes, squama and granules : 107 Acer acutum nearly smooth with many stripes and a few granules : 91 A. cinnamomifolium with a few stripes and granules : 110 A. grosseri undulate with many stripes, apophysis and a few granules : 58, : 108 Dipteronia sinensis undulate with many stripes, apophysis and a few granules : 109

8 412 30, ( 1 1 ),, Metcalf and Chalk ( 1950), 5 : ( ), 5,, ( ),,,, Cardiospermum 1. 2.,,, 2. Dodonaea , Allophylus Delavaya 4., 5. Handeliodendron ,, 6. Otophora 8.,, 7. Paranephelium 7.,, 9., 8. Koelreuteria 9., 9. Xanthoceras , 11., 10. Litchi 11., 12., 11. Dimocarpus 12., ;, 12. Nephelium , 13. Lepisanthes 15., 16., 17., 14. Erioglossum 17., 15. Aphania 16., 16. Sapindus Pavieasia Boniodendron Arytera Mischocarpus 18., 22., 21. Xerospermum

9 4 : , 22. Harpullia Amesiodendron Pometia Eurycorymbus 3.2, ( Dimocarpus longan ) ( Litchi chinensis) ( Nephelium chryseum), ( : ),,, , ( ), ( ), ( ),,,, 3.4 ( Handeliodendron), Rehder (1935 ), ( Hippocastanaceae),, ( Harpullieae ) Rehder (, 1985;, 2003 ), ( Delavaya Franch.) ( Muller and Leenhouts, 1976 ) Judd (1994) (Muller and Leenhouts, 1976 ), (Aceraceae),, ( Aesculus L.) ( Billia Peyr.) Judd (Klaassen, 1999) (Forest, 2001) (Harrington, 2005 ) Harrington ( 2005 ),,, ( Hippocastanoideae ) Flora of China, Xia (2007) (, ) (, ;, ), () 3.5 Leenhouts 1970,, Leenhouts, (, 1985;, 2003 ), Flora of China, Xia and Paul (2007),, :,, 3.6, Radlkofer (1890, ) :,

10 Muller and Leenhouts ( 1976) Judd ( 1994 ), Harrington (2005) rbcl matk, Harrington (2005), ( ) 4 : ( Sapindoideae ) (Dodonaeoideae)(Hippocastanoideae) ( ) (Xanthoceroideae) ( ),,,,,, Buijsen JRM, Leaf anatomy of Harpullia, Majidea, and Conchopetalum ( Sapindaceae) [ J ]. Blumea, 40 (2) : Chen ZD ( ), Zhang ZY ( ), A study on foliar epidermis in Betulaceae [ J ]. Acta Phytotax Sin ( ), 29: Dilc her DL, Approaches to the identification of angiosperm leaf r e mains [ J ]. Bot Rev, 40: Fang WP ( ), 1981a. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Aceraceae [ M]. Beijing: Science Press, 46 : Fang WP ( ), 1981b. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Hippocastanaceae [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 46: Forest F, Drouin JN, Charest R et al., A morphological phylogenetic analysis of Aesculus L. and Billia Peyr. ( Sapindaceae ) [ J ]. Canadian J Bot, 79: Harrington MG, Edwards KJ, Johnson SA et al., Phylogenetic inference i n Sapindaceae sensu lato using plastid matk and rbcl DNA sequences [ J]. Syst Bot, 30 ( 2) : Hong YP ( ), Pan KY ( ), Chen ZD ( ) et al., Characters of leaf epidermis and their systematic significance in Menispermaceae [ J ]. Acta Bot Sin ( ), 43 ( 6 ) : How FC ( ), Ho CN ( ), Sapindaceae in the Chinese Flora [ J ]. Acta Phytotax Sin ( ), 3 ( 4 ) : Judd S, Sanders W, and Donoghue J, Angiosperm family pairs : preliminary phylogenetic analyses [ J]. Harvard Papers Bot, 5: 1 51 Klaassen RK, Wood anatomy of the Sapindaceae [ J]. IAWA Journal, Suppl. 2: 214 Leenhouts PW, Additoinal notes on Lepisanthes ( Sapindaceae ) [ J ]. Blumea, 18 : Li AH ( ), Guan KY ( ), Wang ZL ( ), Characters of leaf epidermis in genus Sauromatum ( Araceae ) and it s relative genera [ J]. Acta Bot Yunnan ( ), 27 (6) : Lu JH ( ), Li XY ( ), Zhou LL ( ) et al., Characters of leaf epidermis and their systematic significance in Glycyrrhiza [ J ]. Acta Bot Yunnan ( ), 27 ( 5 ) : Luo HS ( ), Chen TC ( ), Notes on Chinese Sapindaceae [ J]. Acta Phytotax Sin ( ), 17 (2) : Luo HS ( ), Chen TC ( ), Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Sapindaceae [ M]. Beijing: Science Press, 47 ( 1 ) : 4 72 Metcalf CR, Chalk L, Anatomy of the Dicotyledons [ M]. Oxford, 1: Muller J, Leenhouts PW, A general survey of pollen types in Sapindaceae in relaion to taxonomy [ A ]. In: Gerguson IK, Muller J, The Evolutionary Significance of the Exi ne [ M]. London: Academic Press, Rad lkofer L, Uber die Gliederung der Familie der Sapindaceae [M]. Sitzungsber. Math. Phys. Kl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. M nchen, 20: Rad lkofer L, Sapindaceae [ A ]. In: Engler A, Das Pflanzenreich [ M], IV; Leipig: Engelman, 165 Rehder A, Handeliodendron, a new genus of Sapindaceae [ J ]. J Arnold Arboretum Harvard University, 16: Ren H ( ), Pan KY ( ), Chen ZD ( ) et al., Structural characters of leaf epidermis and their systematic sign ificance in Vitaceae [ J ]. Acta Phytotax Sin ( ), 41 ( 6) : Sole reder H, Systematische Anatomie der Dicotyledonen [ M]. Erg nzungsband: Stuttgart, Wilkinson HP, The plant surface ( mainly leaf ) [ A]. In: Metcalf CR, Chalk L eds. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons [M]. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, Wilkinson HP, Leaf anatomy of the Pittosporaceae [ J]. Bot J Linnaean Soc, 110: l 59 Wu CY ( ), Lu AM ( ), Tang YC ( ) et al., The Families and Genera of Angiosperms in China A Comprehensive Analysis [M]. Beijing: Science Press, Xia NH ( ), Luo HS ( ), Geographical distribution of Sapindaceae in China [ J]. J Trop Subtrop Bot ( ), 3 (1 ) : 13 28

11 4 : 415 Xia NH, Nicholas J Turland, Paul A Gadek, Hippocastanaceae [ M]. In Flora of China, (12 ) : 1 4 ( online) Xia NH, Paul A Gadek, Sapindaceae [ M]. In Flora of China (12 ), 5 24 (online) Yang DZ ( ), Zhang ZY ( ), Wen J ( ), Structural characters of leaf epidermis in Hyoscyameae ( Solanaceae) and their systematic significance [ J ]. Acta Bot Sin ( ), 42 (2 ) : Yang HQ ( ), Wang H ( ), Li DZ ( ), Micromorphological study on leaf epidermis of Sch izostachyum and its allies ( Poaceae : Bambusoideae ) [ J ]. Acta Bot Yunnan ( ), 28 ( 3) : : 1 19, : ( ) 1 17, ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ; 8. ; 9. ; 10. ; 11. ; 12. ; 13. ; 14. ; 15. ; 16. ; 17. ; 19. ; 20. ; 21. ; 22. ; , ; 24. ; 25. ; 26. ; 27. ; 28. ; 29. ; 30. ; 31. ; 32. : 33 39, : ( ) 33. ; 34. ; 35. ; 36. ; 37. ; 38. ; 39. ; 40. ; 41. ; 42. ; 43. ; 44. ; 45. ; 46. ; 47. ; 48. ; 49. ; 50. ; 51. ; 52. ; 53. ; 54. ; 55. : : 56. ; 57. ; 58. ; 59. ; 60. ; 61. ; 62. ; 63. ; 64. ; 65. ; 66. ; 67. ; 68. ; 69. ; 70. ; 71. ; 72. ; 73, 74. ; 75, 76. ; 77, : 79. ; 80. ; 81. ; 82. ; 83. ; 84. ; 85. ; 86. ; 87. ; 88. ; 89. ; 90. ; 91. ; 92. ; 93. ; 94. ; 95. ; 96. ; 97. ; 98. ; 99. ; 100. ; 101. ; 102. ; 103. ; 104. ; 105. ; 106. ; 107. ; 108. ; 109. ; 110. ; 111. Explanation of Plates Plate : 1 19, Plate : LM micrographs of leaf epidermal cells on adaxial epidermis in Sapindaceae, Hippocastanaceae and Aceraceae ( surface view) 1 17, Stomatal apparatuses. 1. Cardiospermum halicacabum; 2. Allophylus viridis ; 3. Allophylus caudatus; 4. Sapindus mukorossi; 5. Dimocarpus longan; 6. Pometia tomentosa; 7. Xerospermum bonii; 8. Arytera littoralis; 9. Mischocarpus hainanensis; 10. Pavieasia kwangsiensis; 11. Amesiodendron chinense; 12. Paranephelium hainanensis; 13. Boniodendron minus; 14. Eurycorymbus cavaleriei; 15. Harpullia cupaniodes ; 16. Otophora un ilocularis; 17. Delavaya toxocarpa; 19. Aesculus chinensis; 20. Aesculus wilsonii; 21. Dipteronia sinensis; 22. Acer cinnamomifolium; 23. Aphania oligophylla. 18, Stomatal apparatuses. 18. Handeliodendron bodinieri; 24. Acer acutum; 25. Sapindus delavayi; 26. Erioglossum rubi ginosum; 27. Lepisanthes hainanensis ; 28. Litchi chinensis ; 29. Nephelium chryseum ; 30. Koelreuteria bipinnata; 31. Dodonaea viscosa; 32. Xanthoceras sobifolia. Plate : 33 39, Plate : LM micrographs of epidermal cells and stomatal apparatuses on abaxial epidermis in Sapindaceae, Hippocastanaceae and Aceraceae ( surface view ) 33. Allophylus viridis ; 34. Sapindus mukorossi; 35. Aphania oligophylla; 36. Lepisanthes hainanensis; 37. Otophora unilocularis; 38. Xerospermum bonii; 39. Mischocarpus hainanensis; 40. Pavieasia kwangsiensis ; 41. Amesiodendron chinense; 42. Dodonaea viscosa; 43. Handeliodendron bodinieri; 44. Harpullia cupaniodes; 45. Delavaya toxocarpa; 46. Boniodendron minus; 47. Allophylus caudatus; 48. Erioglossum rubiginosum; 49. Arytera littoralis; 50. Paranephelium hainanensis; 51. Eurycorymbus cavaleriei ; 52. Aesculus wilsonii; 53. Dipteronia sinensis; 54. Acer cinnamomifolium; 55. Cardiospermum halicacabum. Plate : Characters of the leaf epidermis under SEM in Sapindaceae, Hippocastanaceae and Aceraceae Adaxial epidermis : 56. Erioglossum rubiginosum ; 57. Aphani a oli gophylla; 58. Acer grosseri; 59. Pometia tomentosa ; 60. Lepisanthes hainanensis; 61. Pavieasia kwangsiensis ; 62. Allophylus viri dis; 63. Dodonaea viscosa; 64. Amesiodendron chinense ; 65. Arytera littora lis; 66. Koelreuteria bipinnata; 67. Otophora unilocularis; 68. Aesculus chinensis ; 69. Delavaya toxocarpa; 70. Handeliodendron bodinieri; 71. Eurycorymbus cavaleriei; 72. Cardiospermum halicacabum; 73, 74. Dimocarpus longan; 75, 76. Litchi chinensis ; 77, 78. Nephelium chryseum Abaxial epidermis: 79. Dimocarpus longan ; 80. Litchi chinensis; 81. Nephelium chryseum ; 82. Cardiospermum halicacabum; 83. Lepisanthes hainanensis; 84. Arytera littoralis; 85. Mischocarpus hainanensis; 86. Pavieasia kwangsiensis; 87. Paranephelium hainanensis ; 88. Koelreuteria bipinnata; 89. Boniodendron minus; 90. Delavaya toxocarpa; 91. Acer acu tum; 92. Allophylus viridis; 93. Allophylus caudatus; 94. Sapindus mukorossi; 95. Sapindus del avayi; 96. Erioglossum rubiginosum; 97. Aphania oligophylla; 98. Otophora unilocularis; 99. Pometia tomentosa; 100. Xerospermum bonii; 101. Amesiodendron chinense; 102. Dodonaea viscosa; 103. Handeliodendron bodinieri; 104. Eurycorymbus cavaleriei; 105. Harpullia cupaniodes; 106. Aesculus chinensis; 107. Aesculus wilsonii; 108. Acer grosseri; 109. Dipteronia sinensis; 110. Acer cinnamomifolium; 111. Xanthoceras sobifolia.

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