Park Report 公園行腳 King of the Sky 與天相會天之王者台灣常見的猛禽中分為留棲性與遷徙性的兩大類基隆港灣上的黑鳶或是各地山林常見的大冠鷲等屬於留棲性猛禽依照不同的生物特性長期地生活在台灣的不同棲地遷徙性猛禽則只會選在某個時間光臨台灣成為來自遠方的生

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1 公園 Park Report 行腳難得在鏡頭前以正面之態被捕捉到的淺色型蜂鷹連細部羽毛都栩栩如生陳承光攝 The rare light-colored Honey Buzzard captured by the camera. The feathers can be seen clearly by Cheng-guang Chen Kenting's Autumn Eagle Festival Meeting the King of the Sky 與空中王者的相會墾丁鷹季的秋天盛會當最後一雙海灘鞋快樂的離開墾丁沙灘接踵而來的是一隻隻銳利霸氣的身影展開雙翼用傲視的英姿取代熱鬧搖滾的音樂祭成為專屬於秋季的墾丁之星由於墾丁國家公園是屬於東亞地區候鳥遷徙路線上的重要棲息站每年過境的候鳥種類及數量相當多秋季更為過境的高峰期在這些候鳥遷移過境的景觀上以 9 到 10 月間數以萬計的鷹群過境最受眾人矚目當群鷹飛過壯觀景象甚至可用鷹海鷹柱或鷹天來 W hat come to Kenting after the last tourist leaves here happily are the heroic, winged creatures. Replacing Kenting's summer rock'n roll concerts, these kings of the sky become Kenting's autumn stars. KTNP is an important stop for migratory birds in East Asia, and there is a signiﬁcant number of species and quantity of them every year, especially in autumn. In this season, tens of thousands of eagles pass by in September and October, and the number is so vast that it can be described as seas of eagles, pillars of eagles, or even skies of eagles, making it a world-class natural phenomenon. 形容亦成為世界級的自然生態景觀採訪撰文 Interview & Text 連欣華 Hsin-hua Lian 攝影 Photographer 陳承光 Cheng-guang Chen 戴進元 Jin-yuan Dai 蔡乙榮 Yi-jung Tsai 圖片提供 Photo provided 墾丁國家公園管理處蔡乙榮技士 Yi-rong Tsai KTNP 翻譯 Translator 張詩白 James Chang 096

成為專屬於秋季的墾丁之星由於墾丁國家公園是屬於東亞地區候鳥遷徙路線上的重要棲息站每年過境的候鳥種類及數量相當多秋季更為過境的高峰期在這些候鳥遷移過境的景觀上以 9 到 10 月間數以萬計的鷹群過境最受眾人矚目當群鷹飛過壯觀景象甚至可用鷹海鷹柱或鷹天來 W hat come to Kenting after the last tourist leaves here

2 Park Report 公園行腳 King of the Sky 與天相會天之王者台灣常見的猛禽中分為留棲性與遷徙性的兩大類基隆港灣上的黑鳶或是各地山林常見的大冠鷲等屬於留棲性猛禽依照不同的生物特性長期地生活在台灣的不同棲地遷徙性猛禽則只會選在某個時間光臨台灣成為來自遠方的生態貴客每年冬天依照遷徙的路線陸續從北半球地區向南飛找尋渡冬的棲地直到隔年春天再北返回到原棲地而這些南往北返的墾丁貴客有赤腹鷹灰面鵟鷹以及蜂鷹澤鵟魚鷹和紅隼等其中以赤腹鷹和有國慶鳥之稱的灰面鵟鷹為主要常客以下為讀者整理出鷹種特色為您在赴墾丁賞鷹前先補充賞鷹知識總是搶在 9 月上旬先報到的是體型較小的赤腹鷹英名 Chinese Goshawk 學名 Accipiter soloensis 體長約 30 公分雄成鳥頭至背面深灰色腹面淡橙色眼睛虹膜紅色翼下尖端呈黑色為其主要辨識特徵雌成鳥與雄成鳥相似但羽色較深且眼睛虹膜呈黃色幼鳥頭至背面暗褐色腹面有暗色斑紋亞成鳥與幼鳥相似但眼睛虹膜雄鳥由黃色至紅色赤腹鷹飛行時像鴿子一樣 Taiwan's common raptors can be divided into resident birds and migratory birds. Milvus migrans in Keelung bay and Spilor nis cheela commonly seen are resident raptors that live in different areas according to their nature. Migratory raptors only visit Taiwan at certain time, making them Taiwan's valuable guests from afar. Every winter, they follow migratory routes and ﬂy from the northern hemisphere southward and return in the following spring. These guests visiting Kenting include Accipiter soloensis, Butastur indicus, Pernis ptilorhynchus, Circus spilonotus, Pandion haliaetus, and Falco tinnunculus. Among which, Accipiter soloensis and Butastur indicus are more common. More information is shown below. What arrives in Taiwan first in early-september is the smaller Accipiter soloensis. About 30cm long, the male's head to back is gray, the belly is light orange, the iris is red, and the tip of the bottom of the wing is black. The female is similar except the feather has a darker color and the iris is yellow. An infant bird's head to back is dark brown, and the belly has dark stripes. Similar to the infant, a sub-adult's iris, however, is a yellowish-red. Accipiter soloensis ﬂies like a 美麗的墾丁海域是迎接群鷹最重要的舞台戴進元攝 The beautiful sea in Kenting is the most important stage to meet and greet eagles by Cheng-guang Chen 097

眼睛虹膜紅色翼下尖端呈黑色為其主要辨識特徵雌成鳥與雄成鳥相似但羽色較深且眼睛虹膜呈黃色幼鳥頭至背面暗褐色腹面有暗色斑紋亞成鳥與幼鳥相似但眼睛虹膜雄鳥由黃色至紅色赤腹鷹飛行時像鴿子一樣 Taiwan's common raptors can be divided into resident birds and migratory birds.

3 公園 Park Report 行腳鳳頭蒼鷹居高枝頭長嘯傲視蔡乙榮攝 Accipiter trivirgatus rests on a twig and glances down. by Yi-jung Tsai 鼓翼頻率快而振幅淺赤腹鷹的過境期間自 9 月上旬至 10 月下旬長達 2 個月高峰期則在 9 月中旬及下旬曾創下單日近 6 萬隻的過境紀錄灰面鵟鷹英名 Gray-faced Buzzard-Eagle 學名 Butasture indicus 約在 10 月上旬至中旬過境是接續赤腹鷹的下個重量級角色灰面鵟鷹屬中型猛禽體長約 49 公分雌鳥體型大於雄鳥翼展約 110 公分翼型狹長頭與背部皆為紅褐色是台灣鷹科猛禽中最偏紅者頰部呈灰色雌鳥胸部夾雜有白色斑和雄鳥的整片赤褐色為區別幼鳥之胸腹部則為白色有粗大縱斑翅膀皆為暗赤褐色有 4 至 6 條黑色橫紋鼓翼時頻率中等而振幅深翼面水平御風能力甚強喜歡在風中玩耍偶爾鳴叫叫聲為前低後高之己機遷移時可成數百隻的大量每年 3 月牠們會從南方經過台灣到北方繁殖以彰化的八卦山為重要驛站之一彰化人以牠自南方飛來將之稱為南路鷹又適逢清明節故又有清明鳥掃墓鳥之通稱牠們秋季再由北方往南過冬時總在國慶日前後大量過境屏東縣滿州鄉一帶因此又稱為國慶鳥蜂鷹英名 Oriental Honey Buzzard 學名 Pernis ptilorhynchus Taczanowski 因喜歡以蜂類之蛹為主食而得名台灣早年稱牠為雕頭鷹分類上蜂鷹有 3 種分別是西方蜂鷹東方蜂鷹以及條紋蜂鷹在台灣過境的以東方蜂鷹為主其數量僅次於赤腹鷹及灰面鵟鷹體長約 57 公分至 60 公分頭小細長雙翼寬長嘴為黑色腳及趾為黃色東方蜂鷹的羽色多變是台灣猛禽 098 灰面鵟鷹成鳥的飛翔身影蔡乙榮攝 The ripe. Butastur indicus ﬂying by Yi-jung Tsai pigeon and has fast and shallow wing-ﬂapping. They stay in Taiwan from early September to late October, and the peak is in late September, with a record high of 60,000 birds in one day. The next heavyweight is Butastur indicus that comes to Taiwan around early and mid October. As a mediumsized raptor, Butastur indicus is about 49cm long, and the females are bigger than males. The wings span for about 110cm and are narrow and elongated. Its head and back are reddish brown, and the cheek is gray. The female's chest has white spots and the male's is reddish brown. The infant's chest and belly are white with thick stripes; the wings are dark red with 4 6 black cross stripes. The wing-ﬂapping is medium with deep movement, the wing surface is flat and works well like a glider. Butastur indicus makes the yee-jee cry occasionally and moves in hundreds. Every March, they ﬂy northward via Taiwan to reproduce, and Changhua's Mt. Bagua is one of their important stops. People in Changhua call them South Route Eagles because they come from the south and Ching Ming Birds because they show up in Ching Ming season. They often stay around Pingtung County when they fly southward in autumn. Pernis ptilorhynchus is named so because it likes to feed on bee pupas. This species includes three subspecies including Western Honey Buzzards, Oriental Honey Buzzards, and Crested Honey Buzzards. Oriental Honey Buzzards are third most commonly seen migratory raptors in Taiwan. Its body is about 57 60cm long, has a small head, broad and long wings, a black beak, and yellow claws. Oriental Honey Buzzards have different

分雌鳥體型大於雄鳥翼展約 110 公分翼型狹長頭與背部皆為紅褐色是台灣鷹科猛禽中最偏紅者頰部呈灰色雌鳥胸部夾雜有白色斑和雄鳥的整片赤褐色為區別幼鳥之胸腹部則為白色有粗大縱斑翅膀皆為暗赤褐色有 4 至 6 條黑色橫紋鼓翼時頻率中等而振幅深翼面水平御風能力甚強喜歡在風中玩耍偶爾鳴叫叫聲為前低後高之己機遷移時可成數百隻的大量每年 3

4 Park Report 公園行腳中唯一具有超過 2 種色型的多色型鷹種翼尖黑色尾下有數條暗色細橫帶鼓翼時頻率慢而振幅深翼面呈水平狀常直線滑翔甚遠偶爾有翻飛等奇特行為遷移時常由 5 至 30 隻成群飛行分佈的海拔範圍非常大 300 至 2,500 公尺的山地皆可見其蹤影但以 1,000 公尺以下的低海拔山地最為常見其他常見的還有紅隼澤鵟及魚鷹等過境數量較少的各種遷徙性猛禽及留棲性猛禽大冠鷲雖然為數不多但展翅飛翔的鷹姿仍使眾人嘆為觀止大冠鷲英名 Crested Serpent Eagle 學名 Spilornis cheela 體型大且叫聲長而悠揚叫聲像似揮揮揮揮幽揮幽體長約 70 公分翼展 140 至 160 公分體色為黑到深棕色胸腹有白色斑點頭頂有羽冠嘴腳腳趾為黃色飛行時偶以 3 至 5 隻為一小群翼面下接近末端的白色翼帶及尾羽白色橫帶是最大的辨識特徵準備妥當盡興而歸想要好好的欣賞這精彩的群鷹會當然也要做好事前的準備工作在自身裝備方面猛禽的起鷹時段大致為清晨 5 點 30 分就開始如灰面鵟鷹一直到傍晚都還有鷹會在空中盤旋所以要帶著長袖衣物可防寒兼防曬由於猛禽都是在高空中飛行且數量眾多應準備 feather colors and are the only raptor in Taiwan with more than two types of color. The wing tip is black with several dark, thin stripes. The wing-ﬂapping is slow and deep, the wing surface is ﬂat and allows the bird to glide easily and sometimes even barrel-rolls. They travel in a group of 5 30 and can be seen in many regions including mountains in 300 2,500m, but mostly in those under 1,000m. Other common migratory and resident raptors include Pandion haliaetus, Circus aeruginosus and Falco tinnunculus. Although in smaller numbers, these eagles still never stop fascinating us. Spilornis cheela are large and make a hui hui hui yu sound. Its body is about 70cm long with a wingspan of cm. The body is black or dark brown, with white spots in the chest. The top of the head has a crest, and the beak, legs, and claws are yellow. Three ﬁve are often in a group. Its most distinct feature is the white belts around the wing tips and white stripes in the tail. Get Ready for the Show Preparations are surely needed if you wish to see the exciting eagle exhibition. Since the raptors usually move out around 5:30 in the morning e.g. Butastur indicus, and some raptors can still be seen in the night, you should wear long sleeves to keep you from the cold and the sun. Since they ﬂy in high altitudes and are in large groups, you should 秋季的墾丁因遠道而來的老鷹而顯得熱鬧賴宛靖攝 Kenting in Autumn seems busy because of those eagles coming from far away place by Wan-ching Lai 099

近末端的白色翼帶及尾羽白色橫帶是最大的辨識特徵準備妥當盡興而歸想要好好的欣賞這精彩的群鷹會當然也要做好事前的準備工作在自身裝備方面猛禽的起鷹時段大致為清晨 5 點 30 分就開始如灰面鵟鷹一直到傍晚都還有鷹會在空中盤旋所以要帶著長袖衣物可防寒兼防曬由於猛禽都是在高空中飛行且數量眾多應準備 feather colors and are the only

5 公園 Park Report 行腳 7 10 倍的雙筒望遠鏡或用單筒望遠鏡來觀察停在樹梢上的鷹類另在觀察時常直接面對太陽務必需要戴著墨鏡以防止眼睛受傷其他如防蚊液隨身藥品雨具等也都是不可缺少的基本配備除先做好鳥類的相關辨識功課之外預先準備好路線圖也是很重要的才不會浪費很多時間在找路上面也可帶著計數器及紀錄本來作觀察研究在記錄的同時可對應著已學習到的相關知識也可更有一番自我的心得及領悟在識別的程序上依序為翼型可先判別是鷹科或隼科翼展大小及飛行時的群集大小輪廓比例及翼面角度若光線與角度許可則可細看其羽色與斑紋留意行為聽其鳴聲當無法辨識時再將季節與環境因素考量進去 1 3 use a 7 10x binocular or a monocular to view those that stop in trees. Since you would often face the sun when viewing them, be sure to wear sunglasses to protect your eyes. Bug spray, medications, and rain gear should also be brought. Besides knowing how to distinguish the birds, it is also important to have a route so no time would be wasted on being lost. You can also bring a counter and a notebook for making observations. While observing the birds, you can also match them with what you learned and further enhance the experience. When distinguishing the birds, you should ﬁrst look at the wing shape to tell if they are eagles or hawks, wingspan and group size, proportion, and wing angle. If lighting and angle allow, you can also check for feather color and stripe, the birds' behaviors and sounds. If this can't be done, you should consider the season and environment 年滿州賞鷹博覽會上小朋友用精彩的表演揭開序幕蔡乙榮攝 2006 Manchou Eagle-gazing Fair. The children's exciting performance marks the beginning of the event. by Yijung Tsai 年秋季社頂凌霄亭賞鷹活動民眾專心地聆聽解說員的專業介紹墾管處提供 Eagle-gazing in She-ding's Ling-hsiao Pavilion, autumn, The visitors carefully listen to the volunteer guides. provided by KTNP 年秋季社頂凌霄亭賞鷹活動小朋友也熱情地參與互動墾管處提供 4. 秋季社頂凌霄亭上興奮的賞鷹民眾皆迫不及待地捕捉重要的一刻蔡乙榮攝 Eagle-gazing in She-ding's Ling-hsiao Pavilion, autumn, The children also participate with a sense of excitement. provided by KTNP Autumn, The excited crowds of eagle-gazers wait for the most important moment in She-ding's Ling-hsiao Pavilion. by Yi-jung Tsai

Since you would often face the sun when viewing them, be sure to wear sunglasses to protect your eyes. Bug spray, medications, and rain gear should also be brought.

6 Park Report 公園行腳滿天飛鷹佈滿墾丁的天空讓賞鷹者大為興奮蔡乙榮攝 The eagles under the blue sky makes Kenting's autumn more exciting. by Yi-jung Tsai 觸見守護折翼哀傷壯麗飛鷹翔越台灣南部的天空屏東縣的滿州鄉由於地理位置及地形關係一直以來都是群鷹遷移的聚集地在早期的窮困年代為了養家活口都成了捕鷹人的肉類來源到了 1970 年鷹類標本外銷捕鷹成為家庭副業彰化縣的八卦山一帶是春季灰面鵟鷹的重要夜棲地當地南路鷹一萬死九千的俗諺可見當時捕鷹猛禽慘死的狀況直到保育觀念逐漸受到大家的重視隨著相關保育法令的陸續頒佈經由執法取締違法獵鷹行為及宣導教育殘忍大量的殺戮情況才逐漸減少但仍有層出不窮的盜獵事件發生甚至隨著獵殺手法的改變及器具的進步獵殺的數量依舊相當驚人在人類的貪婪下這些高空中的孤傲王者折損了羽翼永遠都無法再回到天上為保護這些遠道而來的貴客愛鳥人士不斷地在設法守護及推動相關的保護策略即使挫折多於成功效益短暫他們仍舊不放棄任何一個機會期望能讓獵鷹人變保育人並藉由與地方經濟的結合推動當地觀光事業如引導賞鷹使居民可在獲利之餘深刻體會保育的重要性進而學會珍惜與尊重牠們的生命秋天將至起風的墾丁雖不若盛夏時熱鬧燦爛但卻不會蕭瑟因為秋季的天際更加繽紛更加生動因為有這群遠道的異鄉翔鷹來作客有機會不妨安排幾天假期參與墾丁鷹季一同感受瀟灑飛鷹的魅力吧 Protecting the Broken Wings For these magniﬁcent creatures that ﬂy across southern Taiwan, Pingtung County's Manchow Township has always been their stop due to its location and terrain. In the earlier days when resources were scarce, the birds were a food source, and in the 1970s, eagle-specimen export and production were very common. Mt. Bagua in Changhua County is a key night stop for Butastur indicus in spring, and the local's saying of 90% of the South Road Eagles Die shows how terrifying the situation was. After conservation laws and concepts have developed, the killing then gradually stopped due to law enforcement and education. However, poaching still occurs and sometimes even escalates with new methods and instruments. Due to mankind's greed, these pride kings of the sky have lost their wings and can never return to their thrones. In order to protect these precious visitors, environmentalist are working hard to protect them and promoting relevant strategies. Despite the frequent frustrations and short-lived effects, they never give up and are working to persuade eagle hunters to transform into protectors. If local economic activities could include the eagles such as tours of eagleviewing, the locals would be able to understand and value the creatures while making a living. Autumn is here. Even though Kenting will not be as lively as what it was in the summer, it would deﬁnitely not be lonely as its sky is getting more dazzling and full of life thanks to the foreign, aerial visitors. In your next break, try to come to Kenting and experience the charisma of the ﬂying eagles. 101

大家的重視隨著相關保育法令的陸續頒佈經由執法取締違法獵鷹行為及宣導教育殘忍大量的殺戮情況才逐漸減少但仍有層出不窮的盜獵事件發生甚至隨著獵殺手法的改變及器具的進步獵殺的數量依舊相當驚人在人類的貪婪下這些高空中的孤傲王者折損了羽翼永遠都無法再回到天上為保護這些遠道而來的貴客愛鳥人士不斷地在設法守護及推動相關的保護策略即使挫折多於成功效益短暫

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