2005 第九屆科際整合管理研討會 May 28 PP17-28 專題演講 Ⅱ 供應鏈管理在珠三角的實踐現況 Supply Chain Management Practices in the PRD 張惠民主任專家簡介 Dr. Waiman Cheung, Director of Center o

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1 May 28 PP17-28 專題演講 Ⅱ 供應鏈管理在珠三角的實踐現況 Supply Chain Management Practices in the PRD 張惠民主任專家簡介 Dr. Waiman Cheung, Director of Center of Cyber Logistics, holds an MBA and a PhD in Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He is currently a Professor and Chairman of the Decision Sciences and Managerial Economics Department in the Faculty of Business Administration, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, where he teaches both graduate and undergraduate MIS courses. Prior to that, he had worked as a Technical Staff for Oracle Systems in the US. Dr. Cheung has done studies and consulting works for DHL, Airport Authority Hong Kong, Dragonair, Sun Hung Kai Properties Ltd. and the Innovation and Technology Commission. Dr. Cheung has contributed articles to ACM Transactions on Information Systems, Decision Sciences, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Decision Support Systems, Information & Management, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Journal of Computer Information Systems, etc. 張惠民教授為網際物流中心主任, 獲得紐約 Rensselaer 工程大學工商管理碩士 (MBA) 及決策科學與工程系統博士 (PhD) 學位張教授現時為香港中文大學工商管理學院決策科學與企業經濟學系教授兼系主任, 主要任教本科生及研究生班之信息管理系統科目加入香港中文大學前, 張教授於美國甲骨文系統公司 (Oracle Systems) 從事軟件開發及科技指導工作他與業界的連繫十分密切, 曾為多家企業 ( 包括:敦豪國際快遞公司香港機場管理局港龍航空公司香港新鴻基地產公司及創新科技署等 ) 從事研究及咨詢工作張教授亦曾在多個國際知名的學術論文集中發表研究成果, 其中包括美國計算機學會信息系統學報決策科學學報電氣和電子工程師學會系統人及電腦學報決策支持系統學報信息及管理靈巧製造期刊及計算機信息系統期刊等

2 SCM Practices in PRD Waiman Cheung Director Center of Cyber Logistics Importance of Guangdong Economy to China % of GDP % of Export Value % of Import Value % Year Note: The GDP is calculated at current prices Source: China Statistical Yearbook 2003 and Guangdong Statistical Yearbook

3 供應鏈管理在珠三角的實踐現況 Gross Domestic Product of China & Guangdong Other Provinces 88.8% Guangdong Province 11.2% Zhongshan Zhaoqing Huizhou Jiangmen Dongguan Foshan Shenzhen Guangzhou Note: The statistics is calculated at current prices Source: China Statistical Yearbook 2003, Guangdong Statistical Yearbook 2003 Gross Industrial Output Value of China & Guangdong Guangdong Province 17.1% Proportion of Gross Industrial Output Value in Guangdong Other Provinces 82.9% Shenzhen 24.7% Guangzhou 17.7% Foshan 12.7% Jiangmen 7.1% Dongguan 6.6% Zhongshan 6.4% Huizhou 6.3% Zhuhai 5.9% Note 1: The statistical covers all state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises with annual sales above 5 million yuan. Note 2: The statistics is calculated at real prices Source: China Statistical Yearbook 2003, Guangdong Statistical Yearbook

4 Total Export Value of China & Guangdong Guangdong Province 36.4% FS HZ ZS ZH JM ZQ 4.8 SZ 39.3 Other Provinces 63.6% 11.6 GZ 20 DG Source: China Statistical Yearbook 2003, Guangdong Statistical Yearbook 2003 Top 5 Commodities in Export Values Guangdong Province Electronic and Electrical Products* Garments and Clothing Accessories Footwear Textiles Toys 2001 (US$ 100 million) (US$ 100 million) * Electronic and electrical products includes electric machinery, electric equipment, TV sets and sound appliances Source: Guangdong Statistical Yearbook

供應鏈管理在珠三角的實踐現況 Proportion of Commodities Export Value in Guangdong 2001 Electronic and Electrical Products 25.2% 2002 Electronic and Electrical Products 26.0% Other commodities 53.

5 供應鏈管理在珠三角的實踐現況 Proportion of Commodities Export Value in Guangdong 2001 Electronic and Electrical Products 25.2% 2002 Electronic and Electrical Products 26.0% Other commodities 53.6% Garments and Clothing Accessories 9.1% Other commodities 54.7% Garments and Clothing Accessories 8.5% Toys 3.9% Footwear 4.6% Textiles 3.6% Toys 3.3% Footwear 3.9% Textiles 3.6% Total export value: billion US dollars Total export value: billion US dollars Note 1: Other commodities include plastic articles, furniture, boxes and bags and travel goods,etc. Source: Guangdong Statistical Yearbook 2003 Selected Cities & Industries in the PRD 1. Cities Dongguan, Shenzhen,? Guangzhou, and Zhongshan 2. Industries Electronics, Garment, Textile, Footwear, and Toys

6 Studying Supply Chain Structures. 2 nd tier suppliers. Manufacturer. 1. Physical flows 2. Information flows 3. Decisions 4. Financial arrangement 1 st tier suppliers Customers Inbound logistics Outbound logistics Parameters for Sketching a SC Structure 1. Customers Market locations (% Asia, % USA, etc.) Top customers (locations, %shares, etc.) Types (% manufacturer, % wholesaler, etc.) Information sharing (type of info., frequency, & means) Process integration Relationship 2. Suppliers Top Suppliers (locations, %shares, etc.) Information sharing (type of info., frequency, & means) Process integration Supplier selection & evaluation 2 nd tier suppliers Relationship

7 供應鏈管理在珠三角的實踐現況 Parameters for Sketching a SC Structure 3. Outbound Logistics Types of payment term (L/C, FOB, Open account, etc.) Product destinations (%, regions) Modes of transportation (% thru HK, lead time, costs) 3PL (% usage, share of info., evaluation, etc.) Services needed (Hub Mgt., customs clearance, information, etc.) Who makes the decision 4. Inbound Logistics Types of payment term Origins of supplies Modes of transportation 3PL Services needed Who makes the decision Import to Guangdong Province from Different Countries (1998 to 2002) 25 Taiwan 20 Japan Republic of Korea in USD billion United States Hong Kong 19.4% % 16.9% Year Source: Guangdong Statistical Yearbooks, % 5.1% 6.5% Year

8 Export from Guangdong Province to Different Countries (1998 to 2002) in USD billion % Hong Kong United States Europe (Germany, Netherlands, United Kindom, France, Italy, Belgium) Japan 19.9% 35.8% Year Source: Guangdong Statistical Yearbooks, % 25.0% Year 2002 Physical Flow: A Macro View materials products

9 供應鏈管理在珠三角的實踐現況 Typical Physical Flow of a Factory in PRD Hong Kong Mainland materials products Push-Pull Boundary & DMU Semi-assembled parts, Parts Push Components Standard materials (Plastic, Cotton, etc.) Pull Finish products Specialized materials (Accessories) Inbound logistics Outbound logistics

10 Economic Value Analysis I Economic Value Analysis Sea Freight HK$3,200 HK$17,160 HK$1,200 HK$17,160 HK$23,400 HK$23,400 HK$300 Kwai Chung HK$2, HK$5,300 HK$6300 Yantin HK$2, Sea Exports via HK Sea Exports directly from PRD Sea Freight Connectivity Analysis Sailing Schedule Comparison Tokyo, Japan Los Angeles, USA Rotterdam, Netherlands Buenaventura, Columbia Port Elizabeth, South Africa Port Louis, Mauritius Island From Hong Kong From Yantian To Hong Kong To Yantian Time frame: October 2004 Source: HK Shipping Gazette

11 供應鏈管理在珠三角的實踐現況 Air Freight Connectivity Analysis Air Flight Schedule Comparison Org. Des. #/wk Org. Des. #/wk Org. Des. #/wk HKG NRT 85 CAN NRT 14 SZX NRT X BKK 129 BKK 14 BKK 2 ICN 60 ICN 16 ICN X SYD 26 SYD 2 SYD X JFK 7 JFK X JFK X LAX 14 LAX 5 LAX X SFO 21 SFO X SFO X CDG 14 CDG 11 CDG X AMS 12 AMS X AMS X LHR 45 LHR X LHR X Source: Flight schedule for the month of October 2004 North Asia Pacific Economic Zone Why thru HK? Customs Declaration & Formality Certainty Minimize hold-up by Customs - Breakbulk in HK for re-exports to China to avoid risk of hold up by customs Cross-Border Efficiency - Shenzhen border is more certain & efficient, particularly for those unpopular items) Tax & Duty Planning HK Corporate Tax, Import Tax / VAT to China Connectivity (Frequent Flight Schedule) Air Freight ; Sea Freight; Land / Trucking

12 Findings Import mostly thru HK but significant part of export go direct North East Asia economic zone established Passive & low risk manufacturing leads to limited decision power & competition on cost Service gap indicates potential Need high value added services to justify high cost Mainland s complex tax system gives room to HK 3PLs

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2005 第九屆科際整合管理研討會 May 28 PP17-28 專題演講 Ⅱ 供應鏈管理在珠三角的實踐現況 Supply Chain Management Practices in the PRD 張惠民主任 專家簡介 Dr. Waiman Cheung, Director of Center o

2005 第九屆科際整合管理研討會 May 28 PP17-28 專題演講 Ⅱ 供應鏈管理在珠三角的實踐現況 Supply Chain Management Practices in the PRD 張惠民主任專家簡介 Dr. Waiman Cheung, Director of Center o