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1 土壤 (Soils), 2019, 51(2): DOI: /j.cnki.tr 盐旱交叉胁迫对各施氮水平下小麦苗期的影响 1,2 1* ( ( ) ) 为探究不同浓度盐胁迫和水分胁迫及两者互作对小麦幼苗生理特性的影响, 于 2017 年 3 月至 5 月布置盆栽试验, 分别设置两个 NaCl 胁迫 (,NaCl 1.9 g/kg;,nacl 2.9 g/kg) 和两个水分处理水平 (W1,78% 田间持水量 ;W2,47% 田间持水量 ), 测定了冬小麦幼苗地上部和地下部干物质量全氮叶绿素和可溶性糖含量结果表明 : 1 在本试验盐胁迫范围内, 单一盐胁迫下盐分含量的上升会显著抑制小麦的生长, 冬小麦各部分干重全氮叶绿素含量明显下降, 渗透物质可溶性糖含量会上升 ;2 低盐干旱胁迫互作改善冬小麦幼苗生长状况, 叶绿素含量各部分干物质累积氮积累量以及可溶性糖含量最大, 呈现出对盐旱复合胁迫的适应性 ;3 高盐干旱胁迫互作会加剧对小麦幼苗的生长限制因此, 低盐胁迫下对冬小麦进行适度的干旱刺激可以促进小麦幼苗适应复合胁迫, 有利于小麦幼苗生长 S A [1] [2-4] 120 hm 2 [5] [6-8] [9] ( ) [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] ( N, E) (2017CXGC CYJS05A01-1) NSFC- (U ) (2016YF17) * (xbchen@yic.ac.cn) (1992 ) @163.com

2 ~ 20 cm F1 F2 2 mm 1 28 cm 25 cm 46% g ± 0.12 g 表 1 土壤基本理化性质 Table 1 Physiochemical properties of tested soil ph( / =1.. 5) (g/cm 3 ) (%) (g/kg) NO 3 -N(mg/g) NH + 4 -N(mg/g) (g/kg) F F N1(0.15 g/kg) N2(0.20 g/kg) 78% 47% W1 W2 (NaCl) 1.9 g/kg 2.9 g/kg g ( 0.1 g) g 500 ml 1.63 g 300 ml 0.82 g 20% NaClO 15 min 25 ±1 24 h / 15 / 1 d 78% 47% 2 Table 2 表 2 冬小麦苗期指标测定 Index determination of winter wheat in seedling stage T6 665 nm 649 nm [15] T6 620 nm [16] DHZ-9140 FA ~ 30 min 70 [17] SH220 KDY-9840 H 2 SO 4 -H 2 O 2 [17] 1.3 数据处理 Excel 2013 SPSS W2 (W1) 14.30% 17.39% (W2) 53.81% 45.55% W2 W % 7.39% [18]

3 表 3 盐分和水分对不同施氮量冬小麦苗期地上部和地下部干物质量的影响 (g/ 盆 ) Table 3 Shoot and root dry weight winter wheat in seedling stages as affected by salinity and water N1 N2 W c bc c b c bc W b b b a c b W c cd d c e c W c e e d e c W a a a b b b W a a a a a a W b bc c b cd bc W c de d c d c (P<0.05) W2 (W1) 9.8% (W2) 25.82% W2 W % (W1) [19] W2 (W1) 91.70% (W2) 25.82% W2 W % [20] 表 4 盐分和水分对不同施氮量冬小麦苗期可溶性糖和叶绿素含量的影响 Table 4 Soluble sugar and chlorophyll contents in winter wheat in seedling stages as affected by salinity and water (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) N1 N2 W bc c bc f bc c W abc b ab b ab b W c c bc d c b W d c c ef c c W ab c a de bc c W a a a a a a W bc b bc bc bc a W bc c bc cd c b W2 (W1) 7.34% 27.55% (W2) 25.79% 60.36% W2 W1 8.02% 27.74% [21]

4 2 327 表 5 盐分和水分对不同施氮量冬小麦苗期地上部和地下部全氮含量影响 (mg/g) Table 5 Total N contents in shoots and roots of winter wheat in seedling stages as affected by salinity and water N1 W bc d cd cde cd d W abc b abc ab abc b W c ef cd ef cd e W c f d f d e N2 W ab a ab bc ab a W a a a a a a W ab c abc cd abc c W b de bcd def bcd d 3 [22] Sabry [23] NaCl [24] [25] (W2) [26] (W1) [27] [28] [29] [30] [31-33] [34] [35] Na + [36] [37] [38] (W1) [39] NaCl 41% 26% [40] [41] (W1) (W2) (W2)

5 (W2) [42-44] Shaheen [43] [46] 50 mmol/l NaCl 25 mmol/l NaCl 12.6% 25 mmol/l NaCl [47-48] 4 [1] Zhu J K. Plant salt tolerance [J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2001, 6(2): [2] Oki T, Kanae S. Global hydrological cycles and world water resources [J]. Science, 2006, 313(5790): [3],,,. [J]., 2017, 54(6): [4] Rozema J, Flowers T. Ecology. Crops for a salinized world [J]. Science, 2008, 322(5907): [5]. [D]. :, 2015 [6] Munns R, Termaat A. Whole-plant responses to salinity[j]. Functional Plant Biology, 1986, 13(1): [7] Maas E V, Poss J A. Salt sensitivity of wheat at various growth stages[j]. Irrigation Science, 1989, 10(1): [8] Hu Y, Camp K, Schmidhalter U. Kinetics and spatial distribution of leaf elongation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under saline soil conditions[j]. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2000, 161(4): [9],,,. [J]., 2016(9): [10],,,. [J]., 2015, 52(2): [11]. [J] (3): [12] Hu Y C, Burucs Z, Schmidhalter U. Short-term effect of drought and salinity on growth and mineral elements in wheat seedlings [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2006, 29(12): [13] Kramer P J, Boyer J S. Water relations of plants and soils[m]. Academic Press, 1995 [14] Munns R, Tester M. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance[j]. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 2008, 59: [15],. SPAD [J]., 2010, 49(11): [16]. [M]. :, 2006: [17]. [M]. :, 2000: [18],,,., [J]. ( ), 2010(2): [19],,. [J]., 2001, 25(6): [20],,., [J]., 2003, 11(3): [21],,,. [J]., 2017, 37(7): [22]. [D]. :, 2010 [23] Sabry S R S, Smith L T, Smith G M, et al. Osmoregulation in spring wheat under drought and salinity stress[j]. Journal Genetic& Breeding, 1995, 49: [24],,,. [J]., 2017, 49(6): [25] Plaut Z, Federman E. Acclimation of CO 2 assimilation in cotton leaves to water stress and salinity[j]. Plant Physiology, 1991, 97(2): [26],. [J]., 2017, 45(2): [27],,,. 2 [J]., 2009(7): [28],,,. [J]., 2012, 26(3): [29],,,. [J]., 2017, 49(3): [30],. [J]., 2000, 20(2): [31],. [J]., 1998, 24(6):

6 2 329 [32],,. - [J]., 2009, 46(4): [33] 梁振兴, 刘兴海. 小麦产量形成的栽培技术原理 [M]. 北京农业大学出版社, 1994 [34],,,. [J]., 2001, 2(3): 7 13 [35],,,. [J]., 2013, 28(6): [36] Perveen S, Shahbaz M, Ashraf M. Changes in mineral composition, uptake and use efficiency of salt stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants raised from seed treated with triacontanol [J]. Pak. J. Bot., 2012, 44: [37],. 3 [J]., 2011, 31(5): [38],,,. [J]., 1986(2): 1 6 [39],,,. NaCl, Na +, K + [J]., 2002, 22(2): [40],, [J]. ( ), 2017 (2): [41],,,. [J]., 2012, 32(1): [42] Chartzoulakis K, Klapaki G. Response of two greenhouse pepper hybrids to NaCl salinity during different growth stages[j]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2000, 86(3): [43] Hernandez J A, Olmos E, Corpas F J, et al. Salt-induced oxidative stress in chloroplasts of pea plants[j]. Plant Science, 1995, 105(2): [44] Marcelis L F M, Van Hooijdonk J. Effect of salinity on growth, water use and nutrient use in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)[J]. Plant and Soil, 1999, 215(1): [45] Shaheen R, Hood-Nowotny R C. Effect of drought and salinity on carbon isotope discrimination in wheat cultivars[j]. Plant Science, 2005, 168(4): [46],,. [J]., 2009, 20(4): [47] Slama I, Ghnaya T, Messedi D, et al. Effect of sodium chloride on the response of the halophyte species Sesuvium portulacastrum grown in mannitol-induced water stress[j]. Journal of Plant Research, 2007, 120(2): [48] Hussain M I, Lyra D A, Farooq M, et al. Salt and drought stresses in safflower: A review[j]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2016, 36(1): 1 31 Effects of Salt and Drought on Winter Wheat in Seedling Stage Under Different Nitrogen Rates WEN Pei 1,2, CHEN Xiaobing 1*, ZHANG Lele 3, LI Yilin 3, QI Mingjun 4, JIANG Shuxuan 4, ZHANG Libin 5 (1 Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong , China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China; 3 School of Environment and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong , China; 4 School of Polytechnic, China Agricultural University (Yantai), Yantai, Shandong , China; 5 Dongying Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Dongying, Shandong , China) Abstract: To investigate the physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat seedlings under salinity and drought, an indoor pot experiment was conducted from March to May in Two NaCl concentrations of and, two water contents of W1 and W2 were designed. The dry weights and the contents of total nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble sugar of shoots and roots were measured for potted winter wheat. The results showed that: 1) The increase of salinity significantly limited the growth of wheat. The dry weights of shoots and roots, total nitrogen and chlorophyll contents of winter wheat decreased significantly but the soluble sugar content increased. 2) Interaction of low salt with drought alleviated the restriction on the growth of wheat seedlings, the dry weights of shoots and roots and the contents of nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble sugar of winter wheat were highest. 3) Interaction of high salinity with drought aggravated the restriction on the growth of wheat seedlings. The above results suggest that low salinity with moderate drought stress could stimulate stress effects of wheat, which is beneficial for the growth of wheat seedling. Key words: Salt stress; Drought; Salt drought stress; Wheat seedling

5月15期

5月15期中国农学通报 2012,28(15):106-111 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 旱地小麦休闲期不同耕作措施对土壤水分蓄纳利用与产量形成的影响贺立恒, 高志强, 孙敏, 李青 ( 山西农业大学农学院, 山西太谷 030801) 摘要 : 为了提