36 1 Vol. 36 No Journal of the Meteorological Sciences Feb ZHANG Xi NIU Shengjie WEI Jincheng et al. Classificati

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1 36 1 Vol. 36No Journal of the Meteorological Sciences Feb ZHANG Xi NIU Shengjie WEI Jinchenget al. Classification and case study of macro and micro structures of spring sea fog in Xiamen. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences doi /2014jms NCEP 3 0 ~ Junge P doi /2014jms A Classification and case study of macro and micro structures of spring sea fog in Xiamen ZHANG Xi 1 2 NIU Shengjie 1 WEI Jincheng 1 3 ZHANG Shuting 1 1 School of Atmospheric PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Abstract Nanjing University of Information Science & TechnologyNanjing China 2 Shaanxi Meteorological Service CenterXi'an China 3 Xiamen Meteorological BureauFujian Xiamen China By using the visibilityfog droplet spectraautomatic weather station observation data the conventional weather data and NCEP Final Operational Global Analysis FNL data of eight fog processes from 23 March to 22 April2013 the macro and micro processes of spring sea fogs in Xiamen were studied. Results show that the weather situations promoting sea fog in Xiamen include cold front low pressure with an inverted trough and high pressure running into sea. The 0-1 temperature range in sea fog areas of Xiamen was important to sea fog forecast. In a typical case on April 2013 the strong southwesterly flow with enhanced moisture triggered the formation of this sea fogwhich provided plenty of vapor for the development of this event. The average fog droplet size distribution was in agreement with the Junge distribution. The analysis on evolution of microphysical characteristicssuch as fog droplet number concentration liquid water content and fog droplet mean radius indicated that the dominant physical processes were condensational growth on the nuclei and subsequent reversible evaporation. Key words Fog Sea fog type Micro-structure of sea fog Air-sea temperature difference Xiamen Received Revised Published on-line http / /www. cnki. net /kcms /detail / P html Z CXZZ Corresponding author NIU Shengjie. niusj@ nuist. edu. cn

2 km GAOet al NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction h2 3 hysplit km 90% h ~ % 1. 3 m s m s Fig. 1 The observation sites % % N 20% 39% E 16

3 Table 1 A survey for 8 spring sea fog cases in 2013 /h 850 hpa /km h h h h h h h h Fig. 2 Temperature profiles of sea fogs from 23 March to 22 April m h hpa E hpa 850 hpa 925 hpa 4 72 h 700 hpa

124 36 3 Fig. 3 2013 4 17 18 a b c de Temporal evolution of a visibility b air temperature c relative humidity d wind speed and e wind direction 4 4 17 15 72 h 0 m 500 m 1 000 m 3 Fig.

4 Fig a b c de Temporal evolution of a visibility b air temperature c relative humidity d wind speed and e wind direction h 0 m 500 m m 3 Fig h backward trajectories of air masses at on 17 April at m altitudesrespectively ~ Vis C LW N 珋 r km Vis < 0. 5 km 0. 5 km Vis < 1 km 1 km Vis < 10 km km m C LW N 珋 r C LW 0 ~ g m - 3 C LW g m ~ 7 C LW

5 1 125 Fig. 5 5 a b Air-sea temperature difference at a on 17 April b on 18 April a b c d e C LW N 珋 r T 1 min Fig. 6 Temporal evolution of a visibilityb liquid water content C LW c number concentration N d average radius 珋 r and e auto-conversion threshold function T. Values of LWCN 珋 r and T were 1-min averaged T 珋 r C LW N 珋 r g m cm μm T 6e

6 Fig. 7 The droplet spectra distribution at different stages 8 Junge Fig. 8 Fitting of Junge distribution of average spectra 2 Table 2 Mean values of microphysical properties and variation range at different stages C LW g m - 3 N cm - 3 珋 r μm ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3. 5 C LW N 珋 r r p g m cm μm 1. 5 μm ~ 1 N 89 cm C LW 珋 r g m μm N 珋 r 28cm μm C LW C LW 1. 5 μm a C LW N 珋 r g m cm μm C LW C LW N 珋 r r p g m cm μm 1. 5 μm 8 C LW junge Y = ax - b 4 Junge a = b = R 2 = N D = D ~ 7 μm 2. 8 μm Deirmendjian 16 NASA CRYSTAL-FACE CSTRIPE Gamma

7 pp. WANG Binhua. Sea fog. Beijing China Ocean Press in Chinese pp. 13Bott ASievers UZdunkowski W. A radiation fog model with a 2.. detailed treatment of the interaction between radiative transfer and ica Sinica in Chinese fog microphysics. J. Atmos. Sci ZHANG SupingBAO Xianwen. The main advances in sea fog research in China. Periodical of Ocean University of China in Chi nese XU FengWANG JingZHANG Yuet al. Analysis on the cli- 3Koračin DDorman C ELewis J Met al. Marine fog A review. Atmos. Res doi /j. at- west Guangdong. Meteorological Monthly in Chinese matic and microphysical characteristics of sea fog over the coast of mosres GAO ShanhongLIN HangSHEN Biaoet al. A heavy sea fog event over the Yellow Sea in March 2005 Analysis and numerical modeling. Adv. Atmos. Sci LYU JingjingNIU ShengjieZHANG Yuet al. Evolution characteristics of the macro-/ micro- structure and the boundary layer REN ZhaopengZHANG Suping. Structure characteristics of the during a spring heavy sea fog episode in Donghai Island in Zhanjiang. Acta Meteorologica Sinica in Chinese Yellow Sea summer fog in the boundary layer and the comparison with spring fog. Periodical of Ocean University of China in Chinese PM doi /j. partic HUANG HuijunHUANG JianLIU Chunxiaet al. Microphysical characteristics of the sea fog in Maoming area. Acta Oceanolog ZHANG ShutingNIU ShengjieZHAO Lijuan. The microphysical FAN ShuxianXU JianqiangZHENG Youfeiet al. A sources apportionment of aerosols PM 2. 5 over the urban and suburb areas of Nanjing. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica in Chinese structure of fog droplets in a sea fog event in the South China Sea. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences in Chinese NIU ShengjieLU ChunsongLIU Yanganget al. Analysis of the 7. microphysical structure of heavy fog using a droplet spectrometer YANG JunNIU ZhongqingSHI Chuneet al. Microphysics of atmospheric aerosols during winter haze / fog events in Nanjing. Environmental Science in Chinese A case study. Adv. Atmos. Sci Ⅱ FENG YangZHANG GuozhengZHU Binet al. A study on a 8. rare radiation-advection fog Ⅱ the analysis of chemical characteristics of fog water. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica in Chi- YIN YanCHEN ChenCHEN Kuiet al. An observational study of the microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosol at Mt. nese FU GangLI PengyuanCrompton J Get al. An observational Huang. Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences in Chinese and modeling study of a sea fog event over the Yellow Sea on 1 August Meteor. Atmos. Phys PM 10 20QX /T FAN ShuxianHUANG HongliGU Kaihuaet al. Effect of fog. QX /T Meteorological observation specificationpart Ⅳ Observations of weather phenomena in Chinese. process on the size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pp. in the atmospheric aerosol PM 10. Chemical Journal of Chinese U- niversities in Chinese NIU Shengjie. Physical and chemistry research of fog. China Meteorological Press in Chinese pp. Beijing 10HE JiabaoFAN ShuxianMENG Qinziet al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs associated with fine particulate matters in NanjingChina Distributionssources and meteorological influences. Atmos. Environ MENG QingziFAN ShuxianHE Jiabaoet al. Particle size distribution and characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 22Goodman J. The microstructure of California Coastal fog and stratus. J. Appl. Meteor. Climat Hsieh W CJonsson HWANG L P. On the representation of droplet coalescence and autoconversion Evaluation using ambient cloud droplet size distributions. J. Geophys. Res D7 D doi /2008JD during a heavy haze episode in NanjingChina. Particuology

~ a 3 h NCEP ~ 24 3 ~ ~ 8 9 ~ km m ~ 500 m 500 ~ 800 m 800 ~ m a 200

~ a 3 h NCEP ~ 24 3 ~ ~ 8 9 ~ km m ~ 500 m 500 ~ 800 m 800 ~ m a 200 31 1 2013 3 Journal of Arid Meteorology Vol. 31 No. 1 March 2013. J. 2013 31 1 62-69. doi 10. 11755 /j. issn. 1006-7639 2013-01 - 0062 211101 2000 ~ 2010 3 h 2. 5 2. 5 NCEP 2 5 ~ 7 02 11 05 ~ 08 2 ~ 8