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1 CJS 33 李卫东李树茁 M.W. 费尔德曼 :,,,,,,,,, : GenderDiferencesinAnomiaamongChina sruralmigrant WorkersintheContextofGenderImbalance LI Weidong LIShuzhuo Marcus W.Feldman Abstract:Mostresearchfindingsregardinganomiaagreethatwomeninthe Westernsocietyhavehigherlevelsofanomiathanmen.Thesocialroletheory hasoftenbeenemployedtoexplainthegenderdiferencesinpsychological states,arguingthatwomen spoorerpsychologicalwelbeingisprimarilydueto theirsegregatedfamilyrolesthatgivelitlereturnvalues,andevenifthey participateinthesphereoutsidefamily,theirpublicrolesofteninvolveconflict * 1: (Author1:LIWeidong,SchoolofManagement, Xi anjiaotonguniversity) linchenli@stu.xjtu.edu.cn; 2: (Author2:LIShuzhuo,InstituteofPopulationandDevelopment,Xi anjiaotong University); 3:M.W. (Author3: MarcusW.Feldman,MorrisonInstituteforPopulationandResourceStudies,StanfordUniversity) ** (08&ZD048) 985 [TheresearchwassupportedbytheNationalSocialScienceFundofChina (08&ZD048)and Project985IIIofXi anjiaotonguniversity.], 65

2 andtension withtheirfamilyroles.suchaconclusionisderivedfrom the researchin Westernindustrializedsetings.However,contemporaryChinese societyisundergoingtwo majorstructuralchanges:genderimbalanceand populationmigration,whichmayalternotonlythesocialrolesoccupiedbymen andwomenbutalsotheirrelativepowerinfamily.insuchasocialcontext,the currentpaperaimstoexplorewhetherthereexistgenderdiferencesinanomia amongruralmigrantworkers,andifthereare,theirdeterminantfactors. Thedataforthisstudycomefromthe Rural-Urban MigrantsStudyin DistrictY,X City,Fujian in2009.thesamplesurveyed wererural-urban migrantsaged16yearsandolderwithagriculturalhukou whohadmigratedto XCitytowork.Inordertoimprovetherepresentativenessofthesample,a loosequotasampling method wasadopted,andthefinalsamplehad1,507 participants.multivariatelinearregressionanalysisofthedatahasproduced thefolowingfindingsabouttheruralmigrantworkers:first,menhavehigher levelsofanomiathan women.second,theunmarriedhaveahigherlevelof anomiathanthemarried,withtheolderunmarriedbeingworse,butthereisno genderdiference in the influence of marital status on anomia. Third, education,career,migrationtime,employmentandotherinstrumentalsocial rolesandcharacteristicsrelatedtosupportingfamilyhaveasignificantinfluence onanomiaonlyamongmen.fourth,resource-orientedsocialparticipationhasa significantinfluenceonanomiaonlyamong men,butemotion-orientedsocial participationhasasignificantinfluenceonanomiaonlyamongwomen.fifth, chronicdiseaseshaveasignificantinfluenceonanomiaonlyamongmen. Keywords:genderimbalance,marriagestatus,anomia,psychological wel- being,ruralmigrantworkers,1 (Gove,1972;Ryan,1981;Lee,1998;De Vaus, 2002;Simon,2002) 1.,, 66

3 ,,,, (Gove,1972,1978;Thoits,1986), (Turner andavison,1989;mcdonoughand Walters,2001), (,2008;,2012),,, (,2003),, ;,,,, 20 80, (,2006), (,2006;,2008;,2009),,,, :,, ;, ; ( 一 ) 心理失范不平等的影响因素 (Merton,1938),, 67

4 2013 3, (Srole,1956;Travis,1993),,,,, (Simpson,1970;Rushing,1971;Wilson,1971),, (GaryLee,1974),, (Glennand Weaver, 1988;Coombs,1991;SuniLee,1998;Schoenborn,2004), (GaryLee) :, ;, (Gove,etal.,1983); (Martin,1976), (Mastekaasa,1992), (Mastekaasa,1992), (Coombs,1991), ;, (Ryan,1981), (Coton,1999),,,,, (HurhandKim,1990;,2006), (Warr,1987;McKee-Ryan, 68

5 etal.,2005), (Jahoda,1982),, (Winkelmann,2009),,, (WagsafandDoorslae,2000; SturmandGresenz,2002;Lorant,etal.,2003;Eibner,etal.,2004), (Lin,etal.,1979;,2008),,, (Cohenand McKay, 1984), (Lin, etal.,1979;,2008), (Lawton,1996),,, ( 二 ) 角色视角下的性别分割机制,,,, (SuniLee,1998;DeVaus,2002;Simon, 2002), 1.,, (Arber andcooper,1999;denton,etal.,2004),,, (Thoits,1986;WaldronandJacobs, 69

6 ),,, (Pearlin,1975;Radlof, 1975),,, (GoveandTudor,1973;Dentonand Walters,1999),,, (KesslerandMcRae,1982), (Thoits,1986),,,,,,, (McDonoughandWalters,2001;Walters,etal.,2002) 2.,, (DentonandWalters,1999;PrusandGee,2003), (Dentonand Walters,1999),, (IckesandLayden,1978) (BrownandHarris,1978;Radlof,1975,1980;Klermanand Weissman, 1980;Makowsky,1980),, (RadlofandRae,1981;KesslerandMcLeod,1984;Newmann,1984),, (KesslerandMcLeod,1984) 70

7 ,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, (,2006),,,, : 1:,,,2,, 2., 71

8 2013 3, (Skinne,2002),,, : 2:,,, (Kesslerand McLeod, 1984);,3,,, : 3:,,,,, : 4:, 3.,, 72

9 ,, (, 2007:115),,,,, (,2007:115),, : 5: ( 一 ) 数据 2009 X Y Y, 51.4, 72.41%,, 122,4, X 16,, ( ),,, 1507, 899, 608, X 119, Y 122, Y, , , Y

10 ( 二 ) 变量 1. : MOS,,,5 1-5,,, 2.,,, ( =1 =2 =3) 6, (2006) ( =1 =2 =3) X (1591 ) (1100 ),, 1500, 1; , 2;3001, 3 ( =3 =2 =1) : 5. Travis, , 28 26, ( ) 7.,,,,, 8. :htp:// NID=

11 (HurhandKim,1990), ( 2 ) ( 2 );, 4,5 ;, 4, :, 1-5,,,,, ( =1),, ;,, 3., ( =1) 1 ( 三 ) 方法,, : ; ; 10 OLS, 1 4, 1, ; 2 1, ; 3 ; 4, ; 5 10, 5 7,

13 ( 一 ) 农民工婚姻状态与养家糊口相关的社会角色及特征的心理失范的性别差异 2,,,,,, ;,, 2: *** ** *** *** *** * *** ** *** * * ** *** 注 :1.+ p<0.1, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 ; 2. 两个独立样本采用 t 检验, 多个独立样本采用 F 检验 77

14 ;,, ( 二 ) 农民工心理失范的影响因素, 4 : 1, 2 4,, 3 1,, ; 2,, 1.38, 1.6%; 3 2,, 2.44, %, ; 4 3, ( ) ( ) ),, 4%,, ;, ; ; 3, ; 78

15 3: (N=1181) *** (0.02)-0.12 *** (0.02) (0.03) (0.03) ( ) 2.52 *** (0.76) 2.59 *** (0.76) 2.44 *** (0.74) 2.27 ** (0.75) ( ) 1.38 *** (0.32) 0.66 * (0.33) 0.67 * (0.35) ( ) 2.44 *** (0.49) 2.00 *** (0.52) 3.45 *** (0.48) 3.37 *** (0.48) ( ) (0.64) 0.02 (0.68) ( ) 0.67 (0.82) 0.39 (0.44) ( ) / 1.30 * (0.58) 1.84 * (0.77) ( ) 0.95 * (0.46) ( ) 2.25 * (0.88) *** (0.11) ( ) 1.02 * (0.46) ( ) 0.67 * (0.32) cons *** *** *** *** AdjR-squared 注 :1.+p<0.1, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, 括号内的数字为标准误 2. 个人特征变量中的年龄和慢性病为控制变量, 括号内为参照组 ;,, 1 ( 三 ) 农民工心理失范影响因素的性别差异,, 79

16 : 5 8, 6 9, ,,, 6 5.2%,, 8, 2.7%,,, 7 10,,, ,, , 2,,,, 0.1, 1.03,,,, ;,, 3,,

17 81

18 2013 3, 4.16, 1, ,,, 4,, 1.05, 1.06, 5 4,,,,,, (Denton,etal., 2004),,,,, :,,, 82

19 ,, ;,, (,2010),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 83

20 2013 3,,,,,,,,,,,,, (, 2002), ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (Kesslerand McLeod,1984;Newmann,1984) 84

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networkparticipationarepositivelyassociatedwithlifesatisfaction. Analysisofcovariancemodelisusedtotestthecausalrelationshipswithpanel data.theresultsh

networkparticipationarepositivelyassociatedwithlifesatisfaction. Analysisofcovariancemodelisusedtotestthecausalrelationshipswithpanel data.theresultsh 2015 3 CJS 35 : 2008 2009,,,,, : DOI:10.15992/j.cnki.31-1123/c.2015.03.007 TheEfectsofSocialNetworksonLifeSatisfaction:A Two- WaveLongitudinalStudyofBeijing,Shanghai,andGuangdong MA Dan Abstract:Socialnetworkisofspecialsignificancein