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1 生物饲料对凡纳滨对虾生长免疫及消化功能的影响 1, 夏青 2, 王宝杰 1, 刘梅 1, 蒋克勇 1 1,, 沙玉杰 2 1,, 辛芳 2 1, 王雷 (1., ; 2., ) 摘要 : 通过 8 周的生产性养殖试验, 研究了以生物酶解小肽益生菌发酵植物蛋白破壁酵母蛋白等配制的生物饲料对凡纳滨对虾生长部分免疫酶活性及消化功能的影响结果表明, 生物饲料组平均产量为 kg/ha, 高于普通饲料组平均产量 kg/ha, 具有更优的生长性能 ; 此外生物饲料组的对虾成活率为 91.5%, 高于对照组的 86.2%; 生物饲料的饲料系数为 0.96, 而普通饲料为 1.01; 喂养 15~30 d 后, 生物饲料组对虾的 SOD 血清总蛋白含量及溶菌活性较普通饲料组有显著提高; 抑菌活性未发现显著差异生物饲料组对虾总蛋白酶活性有显著提高 ; 生物饲料组水体中的 NH 4 -N NO 2 - N 等指标略低于普通饲料组, 但两者无显著差异关键词 : 凡纳滨对虾 ; 生物饲料 ; 免疫酶活性 ; 消化功能中图分类号 : S 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2015) doi: /hykx ,,,,, :, [1-2],, LgM [3-5],,, [6] [7], 8,, 1 材料及方法 1.1 试验饲料,,,,, 8% 10% 2%,,, 1 : ; : : (2012BAD17B03); (STS ) (KFJ-EW-STS-060) : (1990-),,,,, : , qingpingpq@163.com;,,,, : , wanglei@ qdio.ac.cn Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 8 /

2 表 1 生物饲料与普通饲料组分及营养成分分析 Tab.1 Proximate and amino acid compositions of treatment-diet and control-diet (%) 饲养试验 ~8,, 1267m 2, 1000m kW, 36 /ha 2%, 3, 6:00 11:00 19:00 2, PHS-3D ph ph, WYY YSI550 (DO), HJ ; GB d 1.3 样品采集及处理 30, : ( Survival rate, SR) =( / ) 100%; ( Feed conversion rate, FCR) = /( );, 15d, 30, 5mL,, 4 2, r /min 10 min,, 80 30,,, mol /L, ph 6. 4,, r /min 10 min, 血清免疫及肝胰腺消化指标测定 SOD SOD ; 48 h,, Hultmark [8], (ph=6.4, 0.1mol/L) A 570nm =0.3, ;, 48 h,, Hultmark [8] Boman [9], (ph=6.4, 0.1mol/L) A 570nm = 0.3, ;, 1 ml Tris-HCl (ph 7.4, 0.05 mol/l), 20 g/l 2 ml, min, [10] ; 1.5 数据分析 SPSS One-way ANOVA, LSD, ± 2 结果 2.1 水质变化 ph NO 2 -N NH 4 -N / 2015 / 39 / 8

3 , (P>0.05), ph 7.5~7.9, NO 2 -N NH 4 -N, mg/l [11] 表 2 虾池中水化因子变化情况 Tab. 2 Variation of quality of water in the shrimp ponds ph NO 2 -N(mg/L) NH 4 -N(mg/L) 7.79±0.20 a 0.48±0.04 a 0.22±0.04 a 7.97±0.03 a 0.42±0.18 a 0.17±0.09 a : ±, (P>0.05) 2.2 生物饲料对凡纳滨对虾生长性能的影响 3, kg/ha, kg/ha 91.5%, 86.2%; 0.96, 1.01 表 3 对虾产量情况 Tab. 3 The shrimp production in farm (1267m 2 ) (1000m 2 ) ( /ha) (kg) (kg) (kg/ha) (%) 生物饲料对凡纳滨对虾免疫及消化性能的影响 1, (SOD) 1.195~2.150 U/mg, 15 d, SOD,, SOD, 45 d (P<0.05); 178~320 mg/ml, 15 d,,,, 45 d (P<0.05); 31~85 mu/mg, 15 d (P>0.05), 15 d,, (P<0.05), ; 9~38 mu/mg,, (P>0.05),,, 1, (P<0.05) 30 d, 30 d 3 讨论 3.1 生物饲料对凡纳滨对虾对虾成活率的影响, ( ph ) [12-14],,, [15] 91.5%, 68.2%( 3),,,,, [16] ( 1), 3.2 生物饲料对凡纳滨对虾免疫功能影响,, [17-18], LgM [4-5] ;, -, [19] ;, [20], [20-21] SOD,, SOD [22] Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 8 /

4 Fig.1 1 Hemolymph immune and hepatopancreas digestibility performance analysis of treatment-diet and control-diet SOD,,,,,, [23] 30d, SOD,,,, [24] 15 d, (P<0.05), [25],,,, [26],,, 91.5%, 68.2%( 3),,,,,,, 3.3 生物饲料对凡纳滨对虾消化功能及生长的影响 [6, 27-28] [16] ;,, 106 / 2015 / 39 / 8

5 ;, -, [26], kg/ha, kg/ha, [29],,,, 30 d,, : [1] Smith L L, Lee P G, Lawrence A L, et al. Growth and digestibility by three sizes of Penaeus vannamei Boone: effects of dietary protein level and protein source[j]. Aquaculture, 1985, 46(2): [2] Akiyama D M, Dominy W G, Association A S. Penaeid shrimp nutrition for the commercial feed industry: American Soybean Association St. Louis, MO, [3] Hermannsdottir R, Johannsdottir J, Smaradottir H, et al. Analysis of effects induced by a pollock protein hydrolysate on early development, innate immunity and the bacterial community structure of first feeding of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) larvae[j]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2009;27(5): [4] Liang M, Wang J, Chang Q, et al. Effects of different levels of fish protein hydrolysate in the diet on the nonspecific immunity of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvieret Valenciennes, 1828)[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2006, 37(1): [5] Tang H g, Wu T x, Zhao Z y, et al. Effects of fish protein hydrolysate on growth performance and humoral immune response in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.)[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 2008, 9(9): [6] Millamena O M, Teruel M, Kanazawa A, et al. Quantitative dietary requirements of postlarval tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, for histidine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan[j]. Aquaculture, 1999, 179(1): [7] Oliva-Teles A, Gonçalves P. Partial replacement of fishmeal by brewers yeast (Saccaromyces cerevisae) in diets for sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles[j]. Aquaculture, 2001, 202(3): [8] Hultmaek D, Steiner H, Rasmuson T, et al. Insect immunity. Purification and properties of three inducible bactericidal proteins from hemolymph of immunized pupae of Hyalophora cecropia[j]. European Journal of Biochemistry, 1980, 106(1): [9] Boman H G, Nilsson-Faye I, Paul K, et al. Insect immunity I. Characteristics of an inducible cell-free antibacterial reaction in hemolymph of Samia cynthia pupae[j]. Infection and Immunity, 1974, 10(1): [10],. [J]., 1984, 5: [11],,. [J]., 2005, 11(6): [12] Li C C, Chen J C. The immune response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to Vibrio alginolyticus under low and high ph stress[j]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2008, 25(6): [13] Tseng I T, Chen J C. The immune response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to Vibrio alginolyticus under nitrite stress[j]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2004, 17(4): [14] Bachère E. Shrimp immunity and disease control[j]. Aquaculture, 2000, 191(1): [15],,,. ph [J]., 2011, 18(3): [16] Sarmadi B H, Ismail A. Antioxidative peptides from food proteins: a review[j]. Peptides, 2010, 31(10): [17],. [J]., 2001, 16(1): [18] Jiravanichpaisal P, Lee B L, Söderhäll K. Cell-mediated immunity in arthropods: hematopoiesis, coagulation, melanization and opsonization[j]. Immunobiology, 2006, 211(4): Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 8 /

6 [19] Omar S S, Merrifield D L, Kühlwein H, et al. Biofuel derived yeast protein concentrate (YPC) as a novel feed ingredient in carp diets[j]. Aquaculture, 2012, 330: [20] Standen B, Rawling M, Davies S, et al. Probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici modulates both localised intestinal-and peripheral-immunity in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)[j]. Fish & shellfish immunology, 2013, 35(4): [21] Skalli A, Castillo M, Andree K B, et al. The LPS derived from the cell walls of the Gram-negative bacteria Pantoea agglomerans stimulates growth and immune status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles[j]. Aquaculture, 2013, 416: [22]. [J]., 1995, 4(1): 3. [23],. [J]., 1997, 28(1): [24] Chen S-C, Yoshida T, Adams A, et al. Immune response of rainbow trout to extracellular products of Mycobacterium spp.[j]. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 1996, 8(3): [25] Deng D, Mei C, Mai K, et al. Effects of a yeast based additive on growth and immune responses of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), and aquaculture environment[j]. Aquaculture Research, 2013, 44(9): [26] Destoumieux D, Bulet P, Loew D, et al. Penaeidins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides isolated from the shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Decapoda)[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1997, 272(45): [27] Refstie S, Olli J J, Standal H. Feed intake, growth, and protein utilisation by post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in response to graded levels of fish protein hydrolysate in the diet[j]. Aquaculture, 2004, 239(1): [28] Zheng K, Liang M, Yao H, et al. Effect of dietary fish protein hydrolysate on growth, feed utilization and IGF-I levels of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) [J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2012, 18(3): [29] Nya E J, Austin B. Dietary modulation of digestive enzymes by the administration of feed additives to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2011, 17(2): e459-e466. Effects of Bio-feed on the growth, immune performance and digestive properties of Litopenaeus vannamei XIA Qing 1, 2, WANG Bao-jie 1, LIU Mei 1, JIANG Ke-yong 1, SHA Yu-jie 1, 2, XIN Fang 1, 2, WANG Lei 1 (1. National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao , China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China) Received: Mar., 16, 2015 Key words: Litopenaeus vannamei; bio-feed; immune activity; digestive performance Abstract: The effects of bio-feed on growth, immune resistance and digestive performance of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were studied during an 8-week experiment. The bio-feed was composed of peptides obtained from enzyme hydrolysis, vegetableprotein obtained from effective microbefermentation and cell wall-broken yeast protein. The immune enzyme activities of haemolymphand digestive performance in hepatopancreas were detected, and the growth performance and environmental conditions were compared. The results showed that the average production in treat- 108 / 2015 / 39 / 8

7 ment groups was kg/ha, higher than kg/ha in control group; and the survival rate in treatment group was 91.5%, 5.3% higher than that in control group. The feed coefficient of bio-feed is 0.96, whereas that of standard feed is After 15~30 days treatment, the activities of SOD and LZM and the haemolymph protein content were all higher than those in control group, while the anti-bacterial activity had no significant difference between these two groups. Challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus ( CFU/mL, 200 μl/shrimp), the survival rate of shrimp in treatment group was higher than that in control group within 24 h. In addition, the total proteaseactivity significantly increased in treatment group. The levels of NH 4 -N and NO 2 -N were lower in treatment group, but there were no significant differences. ( 本文编辑 : 梁德海 ) Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 8 /

29期

29期中国农学通报 01,8(9):109-114 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 复方中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长及非特异性免疫功能的影响 1, 王芸, 李健, 陈萍 1,, 张喆, 何玉英, 李吉涛, 刘德月 ( 1 农业部水产品加工重点实验室 / 中国水产

Microsoft Word 夏 青_news_.doc

Microsoft Word 夏青_news_.doc