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1 11 3, 1(2): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 研究论文 DOI: /SP.J 鳙中国土著群体与移居群体遗传变异的 AFLP 分析严骏骢, 赵金良, 李思发, 郑德锋, 曹阳, 1306 摘要 : (Aristichthys nobilis), AFLP ( ) ( ),, Nei s (H) ± ± , ± ± ± ,, AMOVA, 31.4%, 6.52% F st (P<0.01), F st (P<0.01),,,,, [, 11,1(2): 23 29] : ; ; ; ; AFLP 中图分类号 : S96 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (11) (Aristichthys nobilis),, [1], [2 3],,, [4],, 50 [3] ,, [5] 1973, [6-7],,, [], mtdna-rflp [9-11] AFLP(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism),, [12-1], AFLP ( ), 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : ( ); (Y1101). 作者简介 : (193 ),,,. yanjuncong@qq.com 通讯作者 :,. jlzhao@shou.edu.cn

2 24 1 ( ) ( ),,,, ( 1) 100% K 2 Taq mix (), EcoRⅠ MseⅠ T 4 NEB 1.2 AFLP DNA, EcoRⅠ MseⅠ, Qi [19] 64, 10 AFLP, : E-AAC/M-CAA E-AAC/M-CTA E-AAC/M-CTC E-AAC /M-CAT E-AGC/M-CAG E-AGC/M-CTG E-ACT/M-CTC E-ACT/M-CAG E-ACT/M-CTA E-ACT/M-CTG, 6%, [] 1.3 AFLP, 0 1, AFLP 0, 1 Popgene(Version 1.31) (N e ) Nei s (H) Shannon (I) Nei (D), MEGA 3.1 NJ Arlequin 3.1 (F st ), (AMOVA) ± ( x SD) AFLP ( 1), 100~700 bp, 25.5, 69, 27.06%( 2) 6 Nei s Shannon 3 Nei s ± ±0.1236, (0.0233±0.03) (0.0122±0.0619) (0.0134±0.0614) ~ ,, ( ), population (YZ-SS) Yangtze River-Shishou (YZ-HJ) Yangtze River-Hanjiang (PR) Pearl River (AMUR) Amur River (DAU) Danube River (MIS) Mississippi River Tab. 1 表 1 鳙 6 个采样群体信息 Information of bighead carp samples from 6 populations sampling location Shishou section, Hubei province Hanjiang section, Jiangsu province Zhaoqing section, Guangdong province Fuyuan section, Heilongjiang province Faks Faks section, Hungary Sioux River Sioux River section, America geographic coordinates 29 43'N, 'E 32 14'N, 119 2'E 13 02'N, 'E 4 21'N, 'E 46 15'N, 09'E 3 53'N, 90 10'E n 16 10

3 第2期严骏骢等: 鳙中国土著群体与移居群体遗传变异的 AFLP 分析图1 25 鳙 E-ACT/M-CTA 引物扩增条带图 MIS: 密西西比河, DAU: 多瑙河, AMUR: 黑龙江, PR: 珠江, YZ-LH: 长江石首, YZ-HJ: 长江邗江, M: 分子量标记. Fig. 1 Amplified bands of bighead carp by E-ACT/M-CTA primer combination MIS: Mississippi River, DAU: Danube River, AMUR: Amur River, PR: Pearl River, YZ-LH: Shishou section, Yangtze River, YZ-HJ: Hanjiang section, Yangtze River, M: Molecuar weight marker. 表2 Tab. 2 鳙 10 对 AFLP 引物扩增的条带数 Amplified bands of bighead carp by 10 AFLP primer combinations 引物组合 primer combination 条带数 numbers of sites 多态条带数 numbers of polymorphic sites 中, 群体间差异的贡献率为 31.4%, 而群体内差异的贡献率为 6.52% 群体间两两比较的遗传分化指数为 ~0.42 1(P<0.01), 其中, 国内长江与珠江土著群体间的遗传分化指数(Fst)为 E-AAC/M-CAA 25 (P<0.01), 群体间分化显著(表 4) 将 6 个群体分 E-AAC/M-CTA 25 成土著群体和国内移居群体国外移居(多瑙河 E-AAC/M-CAT 26 2 E-AAC/M-CTC E-AGC/M-CAG 22 4 居群体国外移居群体的 Fst 为 (P<0.01), 群 E-ACG/M-CTG 25 7 体间分化显著 E-ACT/M-CAG E-ACT/M-CTA 30 E-ACT/M-CTG 27 E-ACT/M-CTC 22 合计 total 密西西比河)群体来分析, 国内土著群体与国内移鳙群体间亲缘关系依鳙采样群体 AFLP 分析数据, 构建了鳙 6 群体的 NJ 树(图 2) 多瑙河群体和密西西比河群体最先聚类, 后与黑龙江群体聚类, 它们一起再与长江群体聚类, 最后与珠江群体聚类传距离最大( ) 将 6 个群体分为国内土著群体和国内移居群 3 讨论体国外移居群体进行分析, 国内土著群体与黑四大家鱼是起源于新第三纪后期上新世喜龙江移居群体的遗传距离为 , 与多瑙河马拉雅山开始抬升和中国东部平原形成季风气密西西比河移居群体的遗传距离分别为候产生大的河流和湖泊之时形成的平原型淡水鱼类, 与鲢草鱼相比, 鳙自然分布相对较窄 [2] 2.3 鳙群体间遗传分化本研究结果表明, 鳙珠江群体 Nei s 基因多样 AMOVA 分析表明, 在 6 个群体的总变异量性指数( ± )高于长江群体( ±

4 26 1 population YZ-HJ YZ-SS PR AMUR DAU MIS polymorphic sites Tab. 3 表 3 鳙 6 个群体的遗传多样性 Genetic diversities of 6 bighead carp populations /% percentage of polymorphism, PPL effective number of alleles, N e Nei s Nei's gene diversity H Shannon Shannon's information index, I ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± population 表 4 鳙 6 个群体的遗传距离 ( 对角线下方 ) 和遗传分化指数 ( 对角线上方 ) Tab. 4 Genetic distance and genetic divergence index among 6 bighead carp populations YZ-HJ YZ-SS PR AMUR DAU MIS YZ-HJ * * * * * YZ-SS * 0.1* * * PR * * * AMUR * * DAU * MIS : * ( P<0.01). Note: * means genetic divergence is significantly different between 2 different populations(p<0.01). 2 6 NJ Fig.2 Genetic relationship of 6 bighead carp populations by NJ method ), 0 [7],,,, [21], ( ) [22-23],,, ;,, 60, [24-25], [26] ;,, AFLP , (F st = , P<0.01), [] 196,,,

5 2 : 鳙中国土著群体与移居群体遗传变异的 AFLP 分析 27,,,, ( ), 50, 21 o 47 o ( ) [27],,,, Nei s ( ), (F st = , P<0.01), :,, ;,,,,, 50,, ;, ;,,, [2] 1973, [27],, [4],,,,,,,,, (C. pellegrini),,,, [29] 1973, 0, 199, [7],, [7, 27],,,, [27], [30] 致谢 : 珠江水产研究所陈永乐黑龙江水产研究所叶海富上海海洋大学蔡完其钟俊生王成辉等专家协助国内样品采集, 美国哥伦比亚环境研究中心 Chapman D.C. 博士和匈牙利渔业水产与灌溉研究所 Zsigmond J. 博士分别协助美国密西西比河和欧洲多瑙河的海外样品采集, 深表谢忱! 参考文献 : [1]. [M]. 2, :, 1973.

6 2 1 [2],. [J]., 1990, 36(3): [3],,,. [M]. :, [4] Froese R, Pauly D. FishBase (10), World Wide Web electronic publication. version 10.3 [5] Karoly P. Exotic fishes in Hungarian waters: their importance in fishery utilization of natural water bodies and fish farming [J]. Aquac Res, 0, 11(4): [6] Cynthia S K, David M L. Ecological predictions and risk assessment for alien fishes in North America [J]. Science, 02, 29(5592): [7] Conover G, Simmonds R, Whalen M. Management and control plan for bighead, black, grass, and silver carps in the United States [C]. Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force (ANSTF), 07: [],,. [J]., 196, 10(4): [9],. [J]., 1991, 15(1): [10],. [J]., 1996, (2): [11] Lu G Q, Li S F, Bernatchez L. Mitochondrial DNA diversity, population structure, and conservation genetics of four native carps within the Yangtze River, China[J]. Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 1997, 54: [12],,,. AFLP [J]., 01, 25(4): [13],,,. AFLP [J]., 02, 9(3): [14],,,. AFLP [J]., 06, 30(5): [15],,,. AFLP [J]., 07, 14(4): [16],,,. AFLP [J]., 0, 32(3): [17],,,. AFLP [J]., 0, 15(5): [1],,,. AFLP [J]., 09, 16(6): [19] Qi X, Lindhout R. Development of AFLP markers in barely [J]. Mol Gen Genet, 1997, 254: [],,,. [J]., 0, 30(10): [21],,,. mtdna [J]., 02, 26(2): [22], [M]. :, [23].. : 199. [24],,,. [J]., 196, 10(4): [25],,,. [J]., 02, 26(6): [26],,,. [J]., 0, 15(4): [27] Kolar C S, Chapman D C, Courtenay W R, et al. Bigheaded carps: a biological synopsis and environmental risk assessment [J]. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 33, Bethesda, Maryland. 07. [2],,,. AFLP [J]., 10, 34(4): [29],,. [J]., 199, 6(4): [30],. [M]. :, 04.

7 2 : 鳙中国土著群体与移居群体遗传变异的 AFLP 分析 29 Genetic variation of bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis from Chinese native populations and introduced populations by AFLP YAN Juncong, ZHAO Jinliang, LI Sifa, ZHENG Defeng, CAO Yang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 1306, China Abstract: Bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis, one of the largest economical cyprinids species, is endemic in eastern China plains, and has also formed some new populations in alien rivers due to extensive introduction for aquacultural or ecological purposes. To understand the genetic resource of wild bighead carp around the world, genetic variation of Chinese native populations from Yangtze River (YZ) and Pearl River (PR), national introduced populations from Amur River (AMUR), and two alien introduced populations from Danube River (DAU), Europe, and Mississippi River (MIS) and North America were analyzed by AFLP. The results showed Nei's genetic diversity (H) of the native populations YZ and PR were ± and ±0.1236, respectively, while ±0.03, ± and ± for the introduced AMUR, DAU and MIS populations. Genetic diversity of the introduced populations was lower than the native populations because continuous genetic bottle-neck effects happened for the introduced populations during the progresses of introduction, adaption and establishment of new populations in alien areas. AMOVA showed the variance within populations was 6.52% while interpopulations variance was 31.4% for all bighead carp populations. The F st of two native populations was (P<0.01), while F st of native populations and introduced populations was (P<0.01). There was significant difference among native populations and introduced populations, which may reflect different genetic background and genetic drift, ecological pressure and natural selection exerted on them. The above results may be helpful to monitor genetic variation trends for both native populations and introduced populations in alien rivers in the future.[journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 11, 1(2): 23 29] Key words: Aristichthys nobilis; native populations; introduced populations; genetic variation; AFLP Corresponding author: ZHAO Jinliang. jlzhao@shou.edu.cn

% GIS / / Fig. 1 Characteristics of flood disaster variation in suburbs of Shang

% GIS / / Fig. 1 Characteristics of flood disaster variation in suburbs of Shang 20 6 2011 12 JOURNAL OF NATURAL DISASTERS Vol. 20 No. 6 Dec. 2011 1004-4574 2011 06-0094 - 05 200062 1949-1990 1949 1977 0. 8 0. 03345 0. 01243 30 100 P426. 616 A Risk analysis of flood disaster in Shanghai