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1 微生物学通报 Microbiology China 研究报告 Jun. 20, 2014, 41(6): by Institute of Microbiology, CAS DOI: /j.microbiol.china 高炜 1 光合细菌对小麦生长和光合功能的影响 杨三维 1 李世平 1 张强 2 田伟 1 郑军 1* 赵春贵 ( ) ( ) 2* 张肇铭 2 摘要 : 目的 探明光合细菌对小麦生长 产量及光合功能的影响 方法 以尧麦 16 为材料, 在不同生长时期施用光合细菌, 研究光合细菌对小麦生长 产量及光合功能的影响 结果 光合细菌培养液的不同成分可提高小麦旗叶 SPAD 值 光合速率及干物质积累 拔节期施用后, 混合菌液对叶片 SPAD 含量促进作用最大, 较不施用对照提高 33.6%, 小麦干物质积累较对照增加 25.7%, 单株籽粒重量增效为 14.3% 单菌株实验处理中沼泽红假单胞菌促进作用最强, 干物质积累和单株籽粒重量较培养基稀释液对照增效均为 13.1% 不同施用时期的结果表明沼泽红假单胞菌对灌浆期和拔节期小麦促进效应最强, 其中静息细胞可延长叶片功能期, 使光合产物持续增加 ; 无细胞培养液通过促进小麦营养生长, 进而提高小麦产量 结论 光合细菌可促进小麦生长, 有效提高小麦生育过程中相关光合功能 ; 施用时期应为小麦拔节期和灌浆期 ; 光合细菌对小麦生长和产量促进作用是静息细胞和代谢活性物质综合作用的结果 关键词 : 光合细菌, 小麦生长, 光合功能 Effects of photosynthetic bacteria on growth and photosynthetic function in wheat GAO Wei 1 YANG San-Wei 1 LI Shi-Ping 1 ZHANG Qiang 2 TIAN Wei 1 ZHENG Jun 1* ZHAO Chun-Gui 2* ZHANG Zhao-Ming 2 (1. Wheat Research Institute Agricultural Sciences of Shanxi, Linfen, Shanxi , China) (2. College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi , China) Abstract: [Objective] The effects of photosynthetic bacteria on growth and photosynthetic function of wheat was researched. [Methods] Yaomai16 was employed as the research material of this research. Different kinds of photosynthetic bacteria were spread during different growth phase of wheat in order to investigate the effect of photosynthetic bacteria to the wheat in terms of growth, productivity and photosynthetic function. [Results] Different composition of culture medium of photosynthetic bacteria culture can improve the SPAD value of flag leaves, as well as photosynthetic 基金项目 : (No ) (No. 2013gg30) * 通讯作者 : Tel zhengjun@sxagri.ac.cn Tel chungui@hqu.edu.cn 收稿日期 : 接受日期 : 优先数字出版日期 (

2 1153 reaction speed and dry-weight accumulation. After fertilized with photosynthetic bacteria during the elongation phase, the mixed bacteria has the largest promoting effect on the amount of SPAD in leaves, which is 33.6% higher than control groups without treatment of photosynthetic bacteria. Moreover, the dry weight accumulation and the seed weight of individual plant are increased for 25.7% and 14.3% respectively than control groups. Rhodopseudomonas palustris has the largest promoting effect which increases both the dry weight accumulation and the seed weight of individual plant for 13.1% respectively comparing to the diluted medium controls. The results from the treatment at different period indicate that Rhodopseudomonas palustris culture medium has the strongest promoting effect in jointing period and milk filling period. Additionally, the resting cell can extend the functional period of leaves and further continuously increase the photosynthetic product, the culture medium without cells can increase the productivity of wheat through improving the vegetative growth of wheat. [Conclusion] The photosynthetic bacteria can promote the growth and enhance the photosynthetic related function effectively during the developmental process of wheat. Jointing period and milk filling period are suggested to be the two of the best spread period. The increase of growth and productivity of wheat by photosynthetic bacteria is the integrated consequence of interaction between resting cell and active metabolites. Keywords: Photosynthetic bacteria, Wheat growth, Photosynthetic function 2.4% 0.7% 1.2% [1] (Photosynthetic bacteria PSB) [2-3] PSB [4] PSB [3] PSB [5] PSB PSB PSB [5] PSB (P<0.05) [6] [7-8] [9] PSB PSB [3-5] PSB

3 1154 微生物学通报 Microbiol. China 2014, Vol.41, No.6 PSB PSB (Rhodobacter sphaeroides) (Rhodopseudomonas palustris) (Rhodospirillium rubrum) PSB 1 材料与方法 1.1 PSB 菌株 3 PSB (Rhodobacter sphaeroides) ATCC17023 (Rhodopseudomonas palustris) ATCC17001 (Rhodospirillium rubrum) ATCC11170 Ormerod [6] E=2000 lx Q=30 C 7 d OD /ml 1.2 PSB 菌液处理及施用方法 r/min 10 min 600 nm OD 50 4 C 2 3 h 4 C [10] /ml /ml ml/m 实验设计 m 5 m 叶绿素含量测定 SPAD-502 SPAD [11] SPAD 1.5 光合速率的测定 Li :30 11:30 5 [12] 1.6 干物质积累 PSB C () 1.7 籽粒灌浆速率测定 C 15 min 65 C

4 数据分析 Microsoft Excel 2003 SPSS 结果与分析 2.1 不同 PSB 对小麦 SPAD 的影响 PSB PSB SPAD 1 SPAD 3 SPAD 133.6% 123.7% 110.2% 108.8% 108.6% 10 d 6 d 15 d SPAD PSB 图 1 PSB 对小麦叶片 SPAD 值的影响 Figure 1 Effects of PSB application on SPAD of wheat leaves S1 S2 S3 S4S5. Note: S1: Rhodobacter sphaeroides; S2: Rhodospirillium rubrum; S3: Rhodopseudomonas palustris; S4: Mix bacterias; S5: Media. 2.2 不同光合细菌对小麦干物质积累的影响 PSB PSB 1 PSB 25.7% 14.3% 13.1% PSB PSB 2.3 沼泽红假单胞菌液不同成分对不同生长时期小麦产量的影响 % 11.4% 13.6% 12.3% 8.2% 7.3%

5 1156 微生物学通报 Microbiol. China 2014, Vol.41, No.6 Treatment Table 1 表 1 不同光合细菌对小麦干物质积累的影响 Effects of PSB application on dry matter accumulation of wheat Dry matter accumulation (g) Yield (g) Harvest index S S S * 16.65* 0.41 S * 16.82* 0.39 S CK S1 S2 S3 S4S5 CK. * Note: S1: Rhodobacter sphaeroides; S2: Rhodospirillium rubrum; S3: Rhodopseudomonas palustris; S4: Mix bacterias; S5: Media; CK: Control group. *: Difference significant at the 0.05 levels. Period 表 2 沼泽红假单胞菌液不同成分对不同生长时期小麦产量的影响 Table 2 Effects of Rhodopseudomonas palustris different composition applicated on yield of wheat Yield (g/pol) Resting cells Compared with CK (%) Culture medium without cell Yield (g/pol) Compared with medium (%) Yield (g/pol) Culture medium Compared with medium (%) Yield (g/pol) Media Compared with CK (%) CK Seedling * Tillering Jointing 50.7* * * Milk filling 54.2** ** Whole growth 54.8** ** ** * ** Note: *, ** indicate difference significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. 2.4 沼泽红假单胞菌液不同成分对小麦叶片光合速率的影响 2 PSB 28 d 17.0%12.8% 15.6%2.2% PSB 3

6 1157 图 2 PSB 对小麦拔节期叶片光合速率的影响 Figure 2 Photosynthetic effects of PSB application on leaves during wheat jointing stage T1T2T3T4 T5 CK. Note: T1: Resting cells; T2: Culture medium by centrifugation; T3: Culture medium; T4: Media; T5: CK. 2.5 光合细菌对小麦灌浆过程的影响 d 25 d 35 d PSB 图 3 PSB 对灌浆期小麦叶片光合速率的影响 Figure 3 Photosynthetic effects of PSB application on leaves during wheat grain filling stage T1T2T3T4 T5 CK. Note: T1: Resting cells; T2: Culture medium by centrifugation; T3: Culture medium; T4: Media; T5: CK. 7 d28 d 14 d PSB 图 4 PSB 对小麦灌浆过程中干物质积累的影响 Figure 4 Effects of PSB application on dry matter accumulation of grain 3 讨论 PSB [13-14] PSB [13,15-16] PSB

7 1158 微生物学通报 Microbiol. China 2014, Vol.41, No.6 PSB [17] PSB [13-17] PSB [6,9] PSB PSB PSB [10] SPAD Q [18-19] PSB PSB Weise PSB [16] PSB PSB PSB 参考文献 [1] Murchie EH, Pinto M, Horton P. Agriculture and the new challenges for photosynthesis research[j]. New Phytologist, 2009, 181(3): [2] Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Fraser PD, Bramley PM. Accumulation of health promoting phytochemicals in wild relatives of tomato and their contribution to in vitro antioxidant activity[j]. Phytochemistry, 2010, 71(10): [3] Ken S, Masanori W, Yoshito S. Applications of photosynthetic bacteria for medical fields[j]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2005, 100(5): [4] Habte M, Alexander M. Nitrogen fixation by photosynthetic bacteria in lowland rice culture[j]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1980, 39(2): [5] Tian YT, Yue TL, Yuan YH, et al. Tobacco biomass hydrolysate enhances coenzyme Q10 production using photosynthetic Rhodospirillum rubrum[j]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(20): [6],,,. PSB-B [J]., 2011, 31(4): [7],,,. [J]., 2008, 27(1): [8],,,. Cd(2) [J]., 2005, 24(6): [9],,,. [J]., 2011(16): [10],,,. [J]., 1999, 5(Suppl): [11],,,. [J]., 2013, 33(1): [12],,,. [J]., 2010, 30(4): [13] Lugtenberg B, Kamilova F. Plant-growth-promoting

8 1159 rhizobacteria[j]. Annual Review of Microbiology, 2009, 63: [14],,,. [J]., 2008, 35(2): [15] Dennis PG, Miller AJ, Hirsch PR. Are root exudates more important than other sources of rhizodeposits in structuring rhizosphere bacterial communities?[j]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2010, 72(15): [16] Weise T, Kai M, Piechulla B. Bacterial ammonia causes significant plant growth inhibition[j]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(5): e [17],,,. [J]., 2003(1): [18] Ryu CM, Farag MA, Hu CH, et al. Bacterial volatiles promote growth in Arabidopsis[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of United States of America, 2003, 100(8): [19] Wenke K, Kai M, Piechulla B. Belowground volatiles facilitate interactions between plant roots and soil organisms[j]. Planta, 2010, 231(3): 年中国微生物学会及各专业委员会学术活动计划表 POCT