课程配套讲义是学习的必备资源, 帮帮为大家精心整理了高质量的配套讲义, 确保同学们学习的方便与高效该讲义是帮帮结合大纲考点及考研辅导名师多年辅导经验的基础上科学整理的内容涵盖考研的核心考点复习重点难点结构明了脉络清晰, 并针对不同考点重点难点做了不同颜色及字体的标注, 以便同学们复习

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1 帮学堂配套讲义基础语法精讲

2 课程配套讲义是学习的必备资源, 帮帮为大家精心整理了高质量的配套讲义, 确保同学们学习的方便与高效该讲义是帮帮结合大纲考点及考研辅导名师多年辅导经验的基础上科学整理的内容涵盖考研的核心考点复习重点难点结构明了脉络清晰, 并针对不同考点重点难点做了不同颜色及字体的标注, 以便同学们复习时可以快速投入高效提升除课程配套讲义外, 帮帮还从学习最贴切的需求出发, 为大家提供以下服务, 打造最科学最高效最自由的学习平台 : 服务项目名师高清视频课服务内容零距离跟名师学习, 精讲考点, 突出重点, 拿下难点, 掌握方法习题 + 月考 + 模考精选配套习题, 灵活自测, 查缺补漏, 时时提升真题视频解析复习规划指导精选整理了近十几年的真题 + 答案, 视频详解近五年真题名师零距离直播 / 录播指导全程考研复习规划 24 小时内答疑 24 小时内详尽解答您复习中的疑点难点, 确保学习无阻碍把青春托付给值得信任的平台! 祝 : 复习愉快, 天天高效, 考研成功! PS: 讲义中的不足之处, 欢迎各位研研批评指正, 我们将竭尽所能追求更好!

3 目录第一讲时态与语态...1 一动词基本时态...1 二动词时态含义...1 三语态...3 第二讲主谓一致...4 第三讲倒装... 6 一完全倒装...6 二部分倒装...6 第四讲虚拟... 7 一 if 引导的虚拟... 7 二与 if 类似的结构 ( 从句虚拟 )... 9 三表条件结构 + 主句虚拟... 9 四 would/ should/ could/might 五命令建议请求的动词...10 第五讲句式结构 - 简单句...11 第六节非谓语动词...16 一 To do...16 二 Doing...17 三 done... 18

第一讲时态与语态一动词基本时态二动词时态含义 1 一般 1) 一般过去时 1 表示过去的动作或状态 I worked in that company in 1982. 2 表示现在往往已经改变 I loved you.

4 第一讲时态与语态一动词基本时态二动词时态含义 1 一般 1) 一般过去时 1 表示过去的动作或状态 I worked in that company in 表示现在往往已经改变 I loved you. 注意 : 区别在于是否有时间状语 2) 一般将来时 1 将来的动作或状态 I will be a college student 3 years later. 2 现在往往还没有实现 I will finish my homework. 注意 : 区别在于是否有时间状语 3) 一般现在时 1 现在的动作或状态 I am single. 2 客观事实真理 The earth is round. 1

5 客观事实需要与时间无关, 所以只能是一般现在时 2 进行 1) 进行时表示延续概念 I am learning English. I am eating. 注意 : 只有延续性动词才有资格拥有进行时 2) 非延续动词的 be doing 形式表示将来 I am coming. I am going. He is dying. 看, 周杰伦来了 Look, Jay is coming. Look, Jay comes. 3 完成 1) 完成时的含义 - 以现在完成时为例 1 表示过去延续到现在 I have worked in that company for 3 years. 2 表示过去做过, 但对于现在有影响 I have broken the window. I broke the window. 3 表示过去到现在反复做 I have done that many times. 2) 完成时的标志 1 起点 :since/ from 2 终点 :by now(far)/ so far/ up to now/ up till now/ 3 过程 :for/during/in+ 一段时间 4 次数注意 :yet/ already 不是完成时标志 3) 过去完成时过去的过去 1 典型的标志结构 Before did, had done 2 逻辑关系 2

6 4 完成进行时其实是完成时的一个含义的突出, 强调延续且不间断 I have learned English for 3 years. I have been learning English for 3 years. When I was at college I three foreign languages, but I all except a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. speak; had forgotten D. speak; have forgotten You don t need to describe her. I her several times. A.had met B. have met C. met D. Meet His wife to catch the first train but she was too late. is hoping B. had hoped C. has hoped D. would hope John and I friends for eight years till now. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we each other a couple of times before that. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only sorting mechanism in society should be profit and the market. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. 三语态 1 被动语态基本结构 Be done 2 被动语态的常见时态 Tom is beaten. Tom was beaten. Tom is being beaten. 3

7 Tom has been beaten. Tom will be beaten. 第二讲主谓一致一名词 1 + 介词 + 名词 2 (A of B ) 原则 : 名词 1 决定动词 A as well as B A together with B A along with B A rather than B Tom,together with two boys 注意 :a number of +ns + 复数谓语 the number of +ns + 单数谓语 Alice, together with two boys, for having broken the rule. A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished Mary as well as her sisters Chinese in China. A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study 二名词 1 + 连词 + 名词 2 连词包括 :A or B / A nor B / not only A but also B / either A or B /neither A nor B / not A but B 不包括 and!! 原则 : 名词 2 来决定谓语动词单复数! Neither he nor I tired. Neither I nor he tired. Not a teacher but students Not students but a teacher Not only I but also Jane and Mary Not only I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination after another. A.is B. are C. am D. be 注意 :and 的用法 1 and 并列的名词应该使用复数 4

8 Money and power Students and teachers A boy and a girl 2 冠词数量影响 A writer and painter A writer and a painter the time and the place the time and place 三名词 + 后置定语后置定语的类型 Doing /To do/done /prep /adj / 定语从句注意 : 从前往后看, 第一个名词后面出现如上形式, 就是后置定语的开始, 到谓语动词前结束! The man walking to me The girl hurt by his rude remarks The house which was built by Tom The solution that you proposed during the meeting (that) we held yesterday The understanding of the concept defining roles in social sciences during the 19th century 四视为整体结构 1 两者总是同时出现 Fork and knife Fish and chips When and where Needle and thread Science and technology 2 时间金钱重量等计量单位 When and where to build the new factory yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 五定语从句的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 We love Tom who smart. I love you who my angel in my heart. I, who a brave man, want to beat Tom. I love Lucy and Lily who pretty. 5

9 第三讲倒装一完全倒装 1 be A be B. B be A. My shirt is white. 2 vi A vi B. B vi A The bus comes here. 注意 :B 部分往往是副词或短语 3 Vt 倒装的原因? 1 明确修饰 Wuhan is in the center of China, which is very attractive. In the center of China is Wuhan, which is very attractive. 2 避免头重脚轻 The building that was built to honor the hero and became the symbol of the city is in the center of the square. 二部分倒装 1 only 前置 (only 需要将所修饰成分共同前置 ) We can solve the problem only through these ways. We can learn English well only when we realize the importance of it. 2 so 前置 (so 需要将所修饰成分共同前置 ) He was so careless that he made a stupid mistake. So careless was he that he made a stupid mistake. 3 否定词前置 I will never marry you. He found nothing when he arrived. He cared no one when he shouted. 4 if 虚拟的省略 If the god were to give me another chance, I would say I love you. If I were a tiger, I would eat the lion. 6

10 If I had studied hard, I would have become a top student. 5 as 引导的倒装形容词 / 副词 / 名词 (0 冠词 )+ as + 主 + 谓语 He is strong He runs fast He is a child So that no fish can live in it. A. the lake is shallow B. shallow the lake is C. shallow is the lake D. is the lake shallow Little about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared Never before seen such a stupid man. A. am I B. was I C. have I D. I shall Hardly down he stepped in. A. had I sat, than B. I had sat, when C. had I sat, then D. had I sat, when, he is honest. A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he, he knows a lot of things. A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. A child as is he D. Child as is he, you can t lift yourself up. A. Even you re strong B. Strong as you are C. How strong you are D. In spite you are strong 第四讲虚拟一 if 引导的虚拟将来 :if+were to do/ should do, would do 现在 :if+did/were, would do 7

11 过去 :if+had done, would have done If I were to be a bird, I would fly into the sky. If I were you, I would not do that. If I had super power, I would save the world. If I had worked hard, I would have been a top student. 注意 : 1)if 引导的虚拟可以倒装 If I were to be a bird, I would fly into the sky. -Were I to be a bird, If I were you, I would not do that. -Were I you, If I had super power, I would save the world. -Did I have super power, If I had worked hard, I would have been a top student. -Had I worked hard, 注意 : 2)if 结构与含义 If I at home, I would have been more satisfied. A. had studied B. will study C. study D. studied If the whole operation beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A. was not planned B. has not been planned C. had not been planned D. planned 8

12 二与 if 类似的结构 ( 从句虚拟 ) I wish: 希望 If only: 如果该多好 As if(though): 好像将来 :were to do/ should do 现在 :were/ did 过去 :had done I wish that I were you. I wish that I had been there. It s raining heavily, if only I had taken an umbrella. He acts as if(though) he knew everything. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice. A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed I wish I longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A have slept B slept C might have slept D had slept He acted as if he everything in the world. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. won't know 三表条件结构 + 主句虚拟 1 表条件结构 1)without+n 2)but for+n 3)but that+ 句子 4)if not+ 句子 2 主句虚拟将来 : would do 现在 : would do 过去 : would have done Without your help, I would not have passed the test. Without electricity, human life quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 9

13 四 would/ should/ could/might I should have bought that book. I could have saved more people. 注意 : Must+do, 表示必须做 or 对于现在未来的推测 Must+have done, 对过去的推测五命令建议请求的动词 Ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, determine, insist, order, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge 1 v+sb. to do (doing 必错 ) command you to do. 对 require him doing 错注意 : Suggest+to do/ doing 都对 suggest sb. doing 2 v+that+s+(should)do( 动词原形 ) 虚拟 I think that he studies hard. I require that he study hard. I require that he not study hard. 动词原形? 三无产品 : 无时态无情态无人称 Will do Can do Should do Does 10

14 Is Be Do My sister advised me that I accept the invitation. A. could B. must C. should D. might I insisted that he at once. A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go His tired face suggested that he really tired after the long walk. A. had been B. was C. be D. should be 第五讲句式结构句式结构 - 简单句 1 主 + 谓 I come. I go Time flies. Modest benefits. Pride hurts. Science moves forward. (2012) 2 主 + 谓 + 宾 I love you. I go to school. The structure of language had some connection with the process of thought.(2004) A new movement in art attains a certain fashion. (2000) 3 主 + 系 + 表 Tom is a boy. Tom is handsome. These leaders are living proof. (2003) It is the surest proof.(1995) Social science is a branch of intellectual enquiry. (2001) 系动词 1)be:am/ is/ are/ was/ were 2) 感官动词 :look/seem/sound/smell/taste/feel 3) 状态动词 : 11

15 保持 :keep/ remain/ maintain/ hold 改变 :become/ turn/ grow/ come/ go/ get I got. (angry) The food tastes. (good) 4 主 + 谓 + 双宾语 I gave her a book. I gave a book to her. I bought Tom a present. I bought a present for Tom. This fact can give us confidence. =This fact can give confidence to us. 5 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 补 I find English easy. I made Tom happy. Nursing at Beth hospital makes the best patient care possible. Many people consider what really is possible impossible. Science moves forward. The structure of language had some connection with the process of thought. Social science is a branch of intellectual enquiry. This fact can give us confidence. Nursing at Beth hospital makes the best patient care possible. 词性成分从句对照表词性成分从句名词主宾表同主宾表同形容词定表补定表补副词状语状语动词谓语谓语句式结构 - 从句一名词性从句 : 三种句子充当四中成分 1 陈述句 Jay is cool. that Jay is cool. It is a truth. 12

16 I know it. The truth is it. The truth it is important. That Jay is cool is a truth. I know that Jay is cool. The truth is that Jay is cool. The truth that Jay is cool is important. 2 一般疑问句 Is Jay cool? whether Jay is cool. It is a question. I know it The question is it. The question it is important. Whether Jay is cool is a question. I know whether Jay is cool. The question is whether Jay is cool. The question whether Jay is cool is important. 3 特殊疑问句 Who is Jay? Who Jay is. It is a question. I know it. The question is it. The question it is important. Who Jay is is a question. I know who Jay is. The question is who Jay is. The question who Jay is is important. ( 一 ) 主语从句 That/ 6w (who/ what/ where/ when/ whether/ which) v1 v2 注意 : 主句的动词是 v2,v2 的出现意味着从句的结束! That Jay is cool is true. That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious activity called memory.(1994) That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. (1998) 注意 : 主语从句可以写成形式主语形式 13

17 That Jay is cool is a truth. It is a truth that Jay is cool. To meet you is my pleasure. It is my pleasure to meet you. It v/be that / to do It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in European history.(2005) It is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.(2015) ( 二 ) 宾语从句 v1/prep (that)/ 6w v2 I think that you are right. We should find out what is going on. He ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment. We should find out what its advocates are aiming at.(2000) 注意 : 宾语从句中的 that 可以省略 I think that you are right. -I think you are right. ( 三 ) 表语从句 be that/ 6w v The truth is that you are right. The reason is that it has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.(2005) ( 四 ) 同位语从句 n( 抽象名词 ) that/ 6w v1 v2 抽象名词 : the fact / the phenomenon/ the idea/ the truth/ the concept/ the proof/ belief/ no wonder They hold the belief that interest is the best teacher. The proof that smoking is harmful is clear. It is the surest proof that the article does what is claimed for it.(1995) These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems.(2003) 14

18 二定语从句 1 定语从句的实质和形式 N that/ which/ who I love the book that is interesting. 2 定语从句与同位语从句的区别结构上含以上翻译上定语从句 That 有成分限定修饰的 ; 分句翻译同位语从句 That 无成分 ; 解释说明这样一个 ; 可以使用 whether/ 5w 冒号 The news that shocked her a lot came early in the morning. The news that her husband was dead in the field came early in the morning. The news that her husband died in the field came early in the morning. These leaders are living proof that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age.(2003) 3 that 的省略 That 在定语从句中做宾语表语可以省略 I love the book that you bought. -I love the book you bought. It is the surest proof I know.(1995) =It is the surest proof that I know. 4 prep+which 动词来源 - 定语从句中的动词与先行词不能直接搭配. This is the book we need. This is the house we live. This is the pen we write. 形容词来源 - 定语从句中的形容词与先行词需要介词. This is the story we are interested. This is the issue we are occupied. This is the man we are dependent. 5 as 引导的定语从句 15

19 As 指代整个句子, 一般放在句首 As we all know, the earth is round. As you can see, the problem is difficult. As you may say, Kobe is a great player. 三状语从句 1 状语从句的含义 : 连接词第六节非谓语动词一 To do 1 做名词- 主宾表同 To play basketball in NBA is my dream. I want to play basketball in NBA. My dream is to play basketball in NBA. My dream to play basketball in NBA is hard to achieve. 2 做形容词- 定 This is the book to read. This is the pen to write with. This is the house to live in. This is the person to (eat/ eat with). 16

20 注意 :n+to do+prep n+prep which/whom+to do This is the house in which to live. 3 做副词- 状 1) 目的 To pass the test, he works hard. 2) 条件 Would do to do You would die to move. You would do well to follow me. 3) 结果 Too to do 3 做副词- 状 1) 伴随 Smiling, he answered. 2) 原因 Watching his favorite game, he did not want to talk. 3) 结果 I walked up to the mountains, finding tigers there. 二 Doing 1 做名词- 主宾 Playing basketball is my favorite. I like playing basketball. 注意 :doing 一般不做表语同位语 2 做形容词- 定 A flying bird A swimming dog Swimming pool Smoking section 注意 : 若 n 可以做 doing 动作, 表示进行 ; 若 n 不能做 doing 动作, 表示作用功能 3 做副词- 状 1) 伴随 Smiling, he answered. 2) 原因 Watching his favorite game, he did not want to talk. 3) 结果 I walked up to the mountains, finding tigers there. 17

21 三 done 1. 做形容词 - 定 Married man Fallen leaves Broken heart Finished task 注意 : 若 n 可以做 done 动作, 表示完成 ; 若 n 不能做 done 动作, 表示被动 2. 做副词 - 状 1) 伴随 Exhausted,he persists. 2) 原因 Surprised,he could not say a word. 3) 结果 I walked up to the mountain, shocked by the view. 注意区分 : with the picture,mary tore it to pieces. A.Dissatisfying thoroughly B.Thoroughly dissatisfied C.To dissatisfy thoroughly D.To be thoroughly dissatisfied the joke about Tom,Jane couldn t help laughing. A.Hearing B.To hear C.Heard D.To be heard so rapidly,the temperature is warning us about the global warning. A Falling B Fell C To fall 18

22 D To be fall many times,he didn t want to try again. A Having failed B Being failed C To be failed D Fail from the spaceship,the earth is like a small blue ball. A. Seeing B. See C. To see D. Seen 19

Microsoft Word - 第四組心得.doc

Microsoft Word - 第四組心得.doc 徐婉真這四天的綠島人權體驗營令我印象深刻, 尤其第三天晚上吳豪人教授的那堂課, 他讓我聽到不同於以往的正義之聲轉型正義, 透過他幽默熱情的語調激起了我對政治的興趣, 願意在未來多關心社會多了解政治第一天抵達綠島不久,