Microsoft Word - 2CF02.2CD02內文.doc

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1 noun 第一章名詞 3 名詞 NOUN 可數名詞普通名詞 : a table, two dogs, three books, etc. 集合名詞 : class, committee, family, team, etc. * 集合名詞的形狀儘管為單數, 但卻有使用單數及複數的時候例 :His family is large. 他的家庭是大家族 ( 集合體為 1 單位 ) 例 :There are five families in this apartment. 這棟公寓住著 5 個家庭例 :His family are all well. 他的家庭成員都過得不錯 ( 集合體的每一個 ) 不可數名詞物質名詞 : money, coffee, gold, water, milk, etc. 例 :Would you like to have some coffee? 你要喝咖啡嗎? 例 :I don t have any money. 我沒有錢 * 物質名詞不能直接與數詞連用表示數量時, 在數詞與物質名詞之間要有量詞 (Classifiers), 例如 : two cups of tea, three loaves of bread, a jar of apple juice, a bar of soap, three pieces of luggage.

4 第壹篇各種詞類的文法解析 English 抽象名詞 : kindness, beauty, friendship, happiness, etc. 例 :She shows him much kindness. 她對他表示很大的善意例 :She had great beauty in her youth.

2 4 第壹篇各種詞類的文法解析 English 抽象名詞 : kindness, beauty, friendship, happiness, etc. 例 :She shows him much kindness. 她對他表示很大的善意例 :She had great beauty in her youth. 她年輕時非常漂亮專有名詞 : 人名如 John, Mary; 時間如 Christmas, September, Sunday; 地名如 America, New York; 其他如 Bank of Taiwan, Boston University, etc. 例 :I Saw Prof. Freddy last week. 上星期我見到 Freddy 教授名詞的所有格人或動物的所有格, 我們用 - s 表示, 如 the girl s, the horse s 對於東西概念, 我們用 of, 如 the door of the house, the cover of the book 複數名詞後, 在 s 後加一個省略符號, 如 the Wongs garden, the girls school 名詞的複數形規則變化 : cats, desks, teachers, boxes, dishes, cities, etc. 不規則變化 : man-men, sheep-sheep, deer-deer( 單複數同形 ),child-children, mouse -mice( 老鼠 ),foot-feet, ox-oxen( 牛 ),phenomenon-phenomena( 現象 ),analysis-analyses( 分析 ),knife( 刀 )-knives;etc. 特殊複數形 : basis( 基礎 )-bases crisis( 危機 )-crises looker-on( 旁觀者 )-lookers-on passer-by( 行人 )-passers-by son-in-law( 女婿 )-sons-in-law

noun editor-in-chief( 主編 )-editors-in-chief belief( 信仰 )-beliefs roof( 屋頂 )-roofs 第一章名詞 5 單複數不同義 wood( 木材 ) woods( 森林 ) cloth( 布 ) clothes( 衣服 ) good( 好處 ) goods( 貨物 ) letter( 字母 )

3 noun editor-in-chief( 主編 )-editors-in-chief belief( 信仰 )-beliefs roof( 屋頂 )-roofs 第一章名詞 5 單複數不同義 wood( 木材 ) woods( 森林 ) cloth( 布 ) clothes( 衣服 ) good( 好處 ) goods( 貨物 ) letter( 字母 ) letters( 字母 ; 文學 ) mean( 中間 ) means( 手段 ; 財富 ) custom( 習俗 ) customs( 海關 ) spectacle( 光景 ) spectacles( 眼鏡 ) manner( 舉止 ) manners( 禮貌 ) paper( 紙 ) papers( 文件 ) glass( 玻璃 ) glasses( 眼鏡 )

4 6 第壹篇各種詞類的文法解析 English EXAMINATION 本章測驗題庫 QUESTION BAN He had to carry from his house to the station. much luggage many luggage three pieces of luggages so many luggages : 他必須從家裏帶許多行李到車站 luggage 為不可數名詞, 故用 much/little/plenty of/a lot of /a piece of My sister bought three of stockings yesterday. cakes pairs pieces sheets : 我姊姊昨天買了三雙長襪襪子用雙來做單位, 其他還有 shoes/trousers/chopsticks/ gloves/scissors Whose shoes are these? They re. of Tom of Tom s Tom s Toms : 這些鞋子是誰的? 是湯姆的 Tom s shoes,shoes 可省略 There at the piano recital. were a lot of audience was much audience were many audiences was a large audience : 鋼琴獨奏會上有許多觀眾 audience 為集合名詞, 一個集合體時應作單數用 She went into the and bought a lot of bread. dentist s butcher s chemist s baker s : 她到麵包店裏買了一條麵包 baker s(shop), 凡表公共的地方可省略 store/school/church What you talk! a nonsense nonsense nonsenses the nonsense : 你胡扯什麼

5 noun 第一章名詞 7 nonsense 為不可數 N, 故不加 s 及 a,friendship/success/ pleasure/courage, 也是不可數名詞 I saw a traffic on my way to school this morning. accident affair damage danger : 今天早上, 我去學校途中目擊了一起交通事故 After ten absence he returned home as if he were another person. year s year years years : 十年後, 他變了個人似的回了家複數名詞字尾有 s 則所有格為 -s, 例 :a girls school( 一所女子學校 ) It is natural that the of people prefer peace to war. number lots minority majority : 這是很自然的, 大多數的人喜好和平甚於戰爭大多數 (majority) 之前需加 the I don t know why he has such bad. motion manner act manners : 我不知道他的禮貌如此差 manner 可當方法,manners 禮貌規矩 My mother bought a of gloves for me. piece pair set couple : 母親買了一雙手套給我 a glass of( 一杯的 )/a set of( 一組的 )/a series of( 一系列的 )/a couple of( 一對的 ) What are you cleaning up? The. soups spoon spoons soup spoon soups soup spoons : 你在清理什麼? 湯匙 N 1 +N 2 的合成字,N 1 修飾 N 2, 故 N 1 用單數,grocery store( 雜貨店 )/notebook computer( 筆記型電腦 )/crime rate( 犯罪率 ) Could you lend me? a few dollars little dollars a small money little money : 你能借我幾塊錢嗎?

6 8 第壹篇各種詞類的文法解析 English dollar 與 buck 一樣為可數名詞, 可用 many/a number of/few /a few/some/lots of/a lot of/plenty of 來形容 My father never gave me. many advice much advice many advices a lot advices : 我父親從未給我許多忠告以下為抽象 N 且不可數 N,information( 資訊 )/evidence( 證據 )/intelligence( 情報 )/percent( 百分比 )/knowledge( 知識 ) May I help you? Yes, I would like nine. can of coffee beans can coffee beans cans coffee beans cans of coffee beans : 我能為你效勞嗎? 可以, 我想要 9 罐咖啡豆 I am on speaking with his younger brother. relation terms relationship friendship : 我和你弟弟的關係不錯 on speaking terms 指關係友好 I want to make with your sister. firend a firend the firend friends : 我想和你姊姊做朋友 make friends with 與交友表相互關係時, 使用複數形態 I bought three. furnitures pieces of furniture pieces of furnitures piece of furnitures : 我買了三張傢俱 furniture 傢俱為單數形的集合名詞, 在表示量時用 much, little, some 等表示個數時則用 a piece of, 其他如 luggage, poetry, scenery, clothing, mail, equipment, machinery, jewelry, weaponry, personnel, merchandise 等也是單數形集合名詞 We had. fun many funs much fun funny : 我們玩得很開心 fun 有趣為抽象名詞, 例 :It was great fun to play in the park.

7 noun 第一章名詞 9 We had today. a nice weather nice weather the nice weather weather nice : 今天天氣很好 weather 天氣為不可數名詞, 故不加 a 但 climate 氣候則為可數名詞自然現象的字, 如 lighting( 閃電 )/thunder ( 雷 )/electricity( 電 )/energy( 能源 )/heat( 熱氣 ), 皆為不可數名詞 You ought to take every to improve your English. case chance thing time : 你必須抓住每一個機會來促進你的英文能力 chance=opportunity,every+ 單 N I watched a wrestling on TV last night. fight game match sport : 昨晚, 我看摔角比賽的電視節目 match( 名詞 )= 競賽比賽 I took some medicine but it didn t have any. answer cause effect work : 我有吃藥, 但是沒什麼效果 affect( 影響 ) 為動詞 ;effect=influence( 效用 ) 為名詞 My cousin found a job with the of his father. ability aid power violence : 我的表弟經由他父親的幫助找到了工作 At last we got of our friend after trying to telephone many times. catch hold hand own : 我們試著打了許多通電話後, 終於與朋友聯絡上了 hold 通電話之意 The Star Supermarket was very successful this year because it was so popular among its. guests customers audience visitors : 因為受到顧客的喜愛, 星星超商今年生意很成功 customers: 商人的顧客

8 10 第壹篇各種詞類的文法解析 English Our school is within thirty walk of Taipei Station. minute minutes minutes minute s : 從台北車站走到我們學校在 30 分鐘以內 within A of B: 從 B 在 A 以內 She was almost killed. The car missed her by a hair s. width length breadth height : 一髮之差, 她差點成為輪下冤魂 a hair-breadth: 千鈞一髮 The shepherd trained the dog to look after his of sheep. flock pack herd collection : 牧羊人訓練狗來看管他的羊群 a flock of( 指飛禽牲畜類 )/a herd of( 畜群牧群 )/a pack of( 狼群狗群 )/a school of( 魚群 ) Did he help build new house? his son s-in-law his son s-in-law s his son-in-law s his son-in-law : 他曾幫助他的女婿蓋新房子嗎? 複合名詞的複數形在其主要語處需加 s, 所有格的語尾需加 s, somebody else s umbrella( 別人的傘 ) clothing is needed in cold weather. Many A number of Lot of Much : 冷天時需要大量衣服 clothing( 衣服 ) 為集合名詞, 需用單數 All my family businessmen. are is am do : 我們全家人都是生意人 family 當家人時為複數, 當家庭則為單數 Mr. Lin is a great scientist; we may call him Edison. X a an the : 林先生是大科學家, 我們可稱他是個愛迪生 a/an+ 有名的專有名詞, 像 ~ 的人或物或地方 These windows are made of. glass glasses the glasses a glass

9 noun 第一章名詞 11 : 這些窗戶是玻璃做的 glass 作玻璃是物質名詞, 不可數亦不置冠詞 He gave me evening paper. a an X a spoonful : 他給我一份晚報 paper 作報紙 =newspaper 為可數 The tailor cut the cloth with a. set of TV pair of trousers pair of scissors slice of bread : 裁縫師用剪刀剪布 scissors( 剪刀 ) trousers( 褲子 ) compasses( 圓規 ) 等之計算單位是 a pair of~ I put a into the soup. piece of advice gallon of gasoline spoonful of salt flock of sheep : 我放一匙的鹽在湯內一個勸告 ; 一加侖汽油 ; 一群羊 Your plan is. use with useless of no useful of no use : 你的計畫沒用 of no use=useless; 沒用的 Mr. Smith and Mr. Brown are fathers. Tom and Mary s Tom s and Mary Tom and Mary Tom s and Mary s : 史密斯先生和布朗先生分別是湯姆和瑪莉的父親兩個名詞共有, 則第二個名詞加 s; 分別所有, 則個別加 s Have you read yet? the paper of today the paper of today s today s paper today paper : 你今天看報紙了嗎? 度量衡時間價值單位的名詞, 所有格是 ~ s twenty miles journey( 二十英里的行程 )/three pounds weight( 三磅重 )/ten dollars worth of sugar( 十塊錢的糖 )

10 12 第壹篇各種詞類的文法解析 English

11 pronoun 第二章代名詞 13 代名詞 PRONOUN 人稱代名詞人格所有格主格受格所有格代名詞稱數第一人稱單數 I me my mine ( 說話者 ) 複數 we us our ours 第二人稱單數 you you your yours ( 聽話者 ) 複數 you you your yours 第三人稱 ( 被談論者 ) 表示一般人時 : I, him, you, they, etc. he him his his 單數 she her her hers it it its its 複數 they them their theirs 例 :I was at home yesterday.( 主詞 ) 昨天我在家例 :Mr. Smith saw him.( 受詞 ) Smith 先生看見他 It 的特別用法 : It 除指第三人稱無生命的事物外, 也可指抽象的事例 :He never comes to work on time. His boss doesn t like it. 他從不準時上班, 他的老闆不喜歡他這樣 (it 指前面整句所描述的事 ) It 可指天氣時間距離或泛指一種情況一個人或一件事例 :It s hot today.

12 14 第壹篇各種詞類的文法解析 English 今天很熱例 :What time is it? 現在幾點? It 在句子中, 可作臨時主詞受詞或強調其構文 Isn t it a shame that they lost the game?( 虛主詞 ) We found it difficult go get along with him.( 虛受詞 ) It is fun to read novels.( 強調其構文 ) 反身代名詞 self(-selves) 反身用法 : 主詞與受詞相同時, 我們用反身代名詞 Tom( 主詞 )hurt himself( 受詞 ). She is looking herself in the mirror. 反身代名詞的單複數型 : myself-ourselves, yourself-yourselves. 強調用法 : 反身代名詞的強調用法可同 on my own / by myself=alone I like shopping myself/by my own. Selena was sitting by herself/on her own in a corner of the restaurant. 指示代名詞 This, That, These, Those this 與 that 可代表前面所說過的句子例 :I was absent yesterday. This made my teacher very angry. 昨天我缺席, 這件事使我老師很生氣 this(these) 指比較近說話者之人或物 ;that(those) 則指距離說話者比較遠的人或物例 :These are new book. Those are old ones. 這些是新書那些是舊書 that 與 those 可用來代替名詞, 以避免重複例 :I understand the history of my own country better than that of France. 我了解我國的歷史更多於了解法國的歷史 those 後面可接關係子句, 表示的人們例 :We do not trust those who lie. 我們不相信說謊的人

13 pronoun 第二章代名詞 15 不定代名詞 One 的用法 : 除表示數目 / 量代替名詞避免重覆外, 另有泛稱的 one 例 :She has three T-shirts. One(of them)is black. 她有三件 T 恤, 其中一件是黑色的 ( 表數目 ) 例 : Can you lend me a pen? I m sorry, I haven t got one. 你能夠借我一支筆嗎? 抱歉, 我連一支也沒有 ( 代替前面已出現過的名詞, 避免重覆 ) 例 :One should study hard. 人應該用功讀書 ( 泛稱的 one) 其他如 No one 與 None, Other 與 another, Either 與 Neither, Many, Much, Few, Little, Several, Half, Enough No one( 無一人 ) 只用於人, 與單數動詞連用 none 則可指人也可指物例 :No one likes him. 沒有人喜歡他例 :A:Are there any apples in the basket? B:No, there are none. A: 籃子裏有蘋果嗎? B: 沒有, 一個也沒有 Other 可加 s 成為複數 ;another 只有單數例 :I don t like these shirts. Show me some others. 我不喜歡這些襯衫, 拿一些別的給我看看例 :This hat is too big. Show me another. 這頂帽子太大了, 拿另一頂給我看看 either( 兩者之一是 ) 與 neither( 兩者皆否 ) 只與單數動詞連用,either 語意為肯定,neither 為否定例 :Either of the plan will do. 這兩個計畫中任何一個都行例 :Neither of them will come. 他們兩人都不會來

14 16 第壹篇各種詞類的文法解析 English many, much 表示數 / 量多,few little 則相反,many few 為可數名詞的複數,much little 則指不可數的名詞例 :Many of the students have left. 學生當中很多都已經離開了例 :Little of the truth is known. 真相鮮為人知 several( 幾個 ) 為複數比 a few 所表之數多一些,enough 與 too little too few 相反例 :Several of my friends attended the meeting. 我有幾個朋友出席這場會議例 :I have seen enough of his tricks. 他的把戲我看夠了

15 pronoun 第二章代名詞 17 EXAMINATION 本章測驗題庫 QUESTION BAN Do you think the thief to be? his he I me : 你認為這賊是我嗎? 不定詞 to be me 為受詞補語, 故代名詞用受格 me I found impossible to refuse his invitation. that it them which : 他的邀請令人難以回絕 it 為虛受詞, 代替後面真受詞 to~ Different opinions between John and led to a heated argument. I me he their : 約翰和我之間的不同意見導致一場激烈的爭論 between 之後用 and 連接兩個受詞 Do you want this book? Yes, I need. it to one so : 你要這本書嗎? 是的, 我需要它 this(that)+ 單 N=it I am always taking her sister. be Mary to be she to be her is Mary s : 我總是把她的姊妹誤認為她 to be her 為受詞補語, 代名詞用受格 her should know this better than she. I and you You and me You and I Me and you : 你和我該比她更了解這事第一人稱單數形一般置於後, 表禮貌 It is that owe you everything. mine I myself him

16 18 第壹篇各種詞類的文法解析 English : 是我虧欠你最多 It that 為強勢用法, 名詞子句中欠主詞故用 I Father did it. myself hisself herself himself : 父親自己做的反身代名詞的強調用法 He knew it more than. me her us I : 他知道此事比我知道得多 I=I knew it Whose book is this, if not? your his her I : 這是誰的書, 如果不是他的? 本句問誰的, 故用所有代名詞 his, 因為 his=his book I think it is human nature for everyone to want own way. their his its one s : 我認為想依自己的方法做事是人性 everyone 的代名詞是 his anyone/each one 也是如此 None of can swim. we us theirs ours : 我們當中沒有人會游泳 us 作 of 之受詞 The voice of a woman is often softer than of a man. one it that those : 女人的嗓音時常比男人的柔和指示代名詞 that 用來取代 the voice The visitors helped the cakes. them themself to themselves themselves to : 訪客自己取用蛋糕 help oneself to~ 自己取用 ( 食物等 ) to come to dinner this evening? It is possible for you Is it possible for you Are you possible You are possible

17 pronoun 第二章代名詞 19 : 你今晚前來共進晚餐嗎? 形容詞 possible 只可修飾事物不能修飾人 I really enjoyed in the party last night. X itself myself me : 昨晚宴會中, 我真的很愉快 enjoy oneslf=have a good/great time None of passengers can swim. We us theirs ours. : 我們這些乘客中, 沒有一個會游泳 us 作介詞 of 之受詞 ; 而 passengers 為 us 的同位語 The ears of a rabbit are longer than. a cat those of a cat that of a cat these of a cat : 兔子的耳朵比貓的長 those=the ears The history of China is much longer than. Japan history Japan that of Japan those of Japan : 中國的歷史比日本的長得多指示代名詞 that 用來取代 the history We should help her, and is necessary to us. which it one those : 我們該幫她, 對我們而言這是必要的對等連接 ( 如 and) 後代替前面子句的代名詞, 可用 it this 或 that He is a great scholar, and is respected as. this that such it : 他是個大學者, 也受人如此地尊敬 as such 的 such=a great scholar I will take you to whom you have met before. he those these that : 我將帶你去見那些你以前見過的人 those whom=people whom Give me more tea, please. any some something anything

18 20 第壹篇各種詞類的文法解析 English : 請再給我一些茶肯定句中, 一般用 some If you have any ink, I hope that you would give me. one some any that : 如果你有墨水, 我希望你給我一些 If 子句常用 any, 其後結果句常用 some He is in our town; we all respect him. nothing somebody everybody nobody : 他在我們鎮上是有地位的人, 我們全都尊敬他 Some body 可作大人物,nobody/a small potatoe 則為小人物 It is all one whether there is tea or coffee or water. will do. Some Any All Anyone : 無論茶咖啡或水都一樣, 任何都可以三者中任取一, 用 any will do= 可以二者中取一, 則用 either Some of the students speak English; speak German. another one others the other : 有些學生說英文, 有些說德文 Some~;others~=some~some~ Not bird can sing. every all many much : 並非每一隻鳥都會鳴叫三者 ( 以上 ) 部分否定可用 not every+ 單數名詞 =not all+ 複數名詞 Not all the boys went to the party; still stayed in the dormitory. none neither some any : 並非所有男孩都參加舞會, 有些仍留在宿舍內部分否定 not all=some He never fails to come here three day. all each every some : 他每三天必來此一次每 ~ 一次可用 every+ 基數 + 複數名詞

19 pronoun 第二章代名詞 21 He is my father. Who is he Who he is He is who Is he who : 他是誰? 他是我父親 who 為疑問代名詞 Tell me. you like me or not who are you what is your name whether you know this : 告訴我你是否知道此事當受詞的名詞子句不需倒裝, 如 I don t know who you are. Do you know who he is? Do you understand what he did? of the three daughters in the family has not got married. None No One Some : 這家三個女兒中, 有一個未婚 none 不連否定,some 後動詞用複數形 have There stood many people on side of the street. every both either all : 街道兩邊站著許多人 He didn t tell anyone. where is he going where was he going where he was going where he is going : 他沒告訴任何人他要去那裏 S+V+I.O.( 間接 )+D.O.( 直接 ),N 子句當直接受詞, 不用倒裝 will do you good to do some exercise every morning. It There Those These : 每天早上做點運動將對你有好處 it=to do~,it 為虛主詞 Jimmy and Bob always help. each other one another together with get together : 吉米和鮑伯總是互相幫忙二人互相之間用 each other; 三人以上互相之間用 one another I hope you won t mind at your newspaper.

20 22 第壹篇各種詞類的文法解析 English I look my looking I looking mine to look : 希望你不介意我看你的報紙 mind+ 所有格 +Ving,mind+Ving,mind+if+ 子句 Long, long ago, people used fingerprints instead of signatures as a way of identifying. these those themselves them : 很久很久以前, 人們就使用指紋代替簽名的方法, 來確認身分主詞為 people, 受詞與主詞相同, 故使用本身代名詞 I have two cats; one is white, and is black. another others the other the others : 我有二隻貓, 一隻是白的, 另一隻是黑的物 / 人 =2, 一個用 one, 另一個用 the other 物 / 人 3, 一個用 one, 另一個用 another, 第三個可用 the other 特定的範圍, 一些用 some, 其餘的用 the others 沒有特定的範圍, 一些用 some, 其餘的用 others 一回事另一回事, 用 one another

21 article 第三章冠詞 23 冠詞 ARTICLE 冠詞的用法不定冠詞的一般用法 : a, an 可數名詞的單數形例 :His daughter became a typist. 他的女兒成為一位打字人員不定冠詞的特別用法 : 有 one 的含意 : 例 :It takes an hour to get there on foot. 走到那裏要 1 個小時有 a certain 的含意 : 例 :In a sense you are wrong. 在某種意義上, 你是錯的加在固有名詞上 : A Mr.Smith, an Edison, a Ford, a Picasso, etc. 有 Per( 每一 ) 的含意 : 例 :I write several letters to my parents a year. 我每年寫幾封信給我父母親有 any, all 的含意 : 例 :A fox is a cunning animal. 狐狸是一種狡猾的動物有 the same 的含意,of a~,at a~: 例 :They are of an age. 他們同年齡例 :Eat two at a time.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit English for Study in Australia 留学澳洲英语讲座 Lesson 3: Make yourself at home 第三课 : 宾至如归 L1 Male: 各位朋友好, 欢迎您收听留学澳洲英语讲座节目, 我是澳大利亚澳洲广播电台的节目主持人陈昊 L1 Female: 各位