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HONG KONG REPORT QUARTERLY CONSTRUCTION COST UPDATE SEPTEMBER 2016

OFFICES AROUND THE WORLD AUSTRALIA Adelaide Brisbane Cairns Canberra Darwin Gold Coast Melbourne Newcastle Northern NSW Perth Sunshine Coast Sydney Townsville NEW ZEALAND Auckland Christchurch Hamilton Palmerston North Queenstown Tauranga Wellington MIDDLE EAST Abu Dhabi Doha Dubai Muscat Riyadh AFRICA RLB Pentad Gaborone (Botswana) Johannesburg (South Africa) Port Louis (Mauritius) Maputo (Mozambique) Pretoria (South Africa) Cape Town (South Africa) UK Birchwood/Warrington Birmingham Bristol Cumbria Glasgow London Manchester Sheffield Welwyn Garden City Wokingham EUROPE RLB EuroAlliance Austria Belgium Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Russia Serbia Spain Sweden Turkey CHINA Beijing Chengdu Chongqing Dalian Guangzhou Guiyang Haikou Hangzhou Hong Kong Macau Nanjing Qingdao Shanghai Shenyang Shenzhen Tianjin Wuhan Wuxi Xiamen Xian Zhuhai INDIA Mumbai INDONESIA Jakarta JAPAN Tokyo MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur PHILIPPINES Cebu Davao Manila SINGAPORE Singapore SOUTH KOREA Jeju Seoul THAILAND Bangkok VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh City CANADA Calgary Toronto CARIBBEAN Bahamas Barbados Grand Cayman St. Lucia USA Austin, TX Boston, MA Chicago, IL Denver, CO Guam, GU Hilo, HI Honolulu, HI Kennewick, WA Las Vegas, NV Los Angeles, CA Maui, HI New York, NY Orlando, FL Phoenix, AZ Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Tucson, AZ Waikoloa, HI Washington, DC

COST COMMENTARY REVIEW OF TENDER PRICE MOVEMENTS IN HONG KONG According to Rider Levett Bucknall s Tender Price Index, which measures tender price movements of builder s works in the private sector in Hong Kong, the tender prices moved upward slightly in the second quarter of 2016. On a year-on-year basis, the increase was 1.2%. The following are the second quarter year-on-year tender price movements of builder s works in the private sector in the past five years: 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 +9.4% +7.1% +9.1% +6.3% +1.2% Disclaimer: While the information in this publication is believed to be correct at the time of publishing, no responsibility is accepted for its accuracy. Persons desiring to utilize any information appearing in the publication should verify its applicability to their specific circumstances. Cost information in this publication is indicative and for general guidance only and is based on rates at 2nd Quarter 2016. Hong Kong s economy grew moderately by 1.7% year-on-year in real terms in the second quarter of 2016, compared with the 0.8% increase in the first quarter of 2016. On a seasonally adjusted quarter-toquarter comparison basis, real GDP increased by 1.6% in the second quarter of 2016 over the first quarter of 2016. According to the Composite Consumer Price Index, overall consumer prices rose by 4.3% in August 2016 over the same month a year earlier, higher than the corresponding increase (2.3%) in July 2016. The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate and underemployment rate stood at 3.4% and 1.4% respectively in June 2016 to August 2016, same as those in May to July 2016. The tender prices in Hong Kong have been fluctuating within a narrow range since early this year after six years continual rise. The slower economic growth in will continue to suppress the regional demand of building materials, the prices of which are expected to remain stable. With the gradual completion of major infrastructure works in recent months, contractors have been bidding for projects at a much lower margin. However, the government is still maintaining its housing policy, meaning that land sales will continue, boosting the private sector market. There will also be more public housing projects open for bidding. Therefore, a substantial decline in tender prices in the near future is unlikely. However, a mild decrease over the coming 12 month period is a possibility that cannot be ruled out. Macau According to the Statistics and Census Service of the Macau government, Gross Domestic Product for the second quarter of 2016 decreased by 7.1% year-on-year in real terms. The unemployment rate for May 2016 to July 2016 stood at 1.9%, same as that in April to June 2016. The average daily wage of construction workers was MOP788 in the second quarter of 2016, increased by 1.2% on a quarter-toquarter basis. The average daily wages of skilled and semi-skilled workers increased by 1.8% to MOP801 and that of unskilled workers increased by 0.3% to MOP393. With the rapid contraction in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) since the second quarter of 2014, construction activities in Macau have remained weak with construction cost being suppressed. The government is planning to invest a number of infrastructures, social projects and public housing units. Although these works will provide support to the construction industry in the next few years, the total construction output is unlikely to return to the high level seen in the past few years. In the coming months, it is expected that tender prices in Macau will remain weak. Mainland Please refer to our Report which can be downloaded from our website www.rlb.com. 1

HONG KONG REPORT SEPTEMBER 2016 2600 TENDER PRICE INDICES IN HONG KONG RLB = Rider Levett Bucknall (Private Sector) ASD = Architectural Services Department (Public Sector) 2600 2400 2400 2200 2200 2000 2000 1800 1600 RLB 1800 1600 1400 1400 1200 1200 1000 800 ASD 1000 800 600 600 400 1 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 3 Quarter / Year Graph showing cost trends in the construction industry in Hong Kong based on Tender Prices for Builder's Works 400 TENDER PRICE INDICES RLB ASD RLB ASD RLB ASD RLB ASD RLB ASD RLB ASD RLB ASD RLB ASD RLB ASD RLB ASD RLB ASD RLB ASD Quarter 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 197974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1 104 160 100 210 140 238 144 258 160 345 206 275 145 221 150 270 164 320 203 460 262 2 112 1706 222 143 236 146 275 167 345 213 258 145 238 153 270 174 350 208 500 285 30 185 124 230 144 238 158 300 190 318 203 2437 255 153 2785 380 230 535 304 4 100 148 198 131 238 143 245 158 325 199 290 191 228 140 2649 300 201 420 238 550 329 1980 1981 1982 198984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1 570 347 620 389 630 364 560 298 570 328 560 326 605 376 665 385 785 479 960 542 1020 574 1090 608 2 570 353 620 393 620 370 560 298 570 332 555 335 615 392 690 403 820 510 960 548 1030 561 1075 592 3 600 369 630 375 600 342 540 317 570 323 565 344 630 373 700 411 865 521 985 552 1045 582 1075 573 4 610 381 630 376 580 327 560 326 560 337 585 351 655 380 740 438 925 541 1000 559 1080 596 1055 515 1992 199994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1 1035 531 1025 527 1100 586 1280 708 1400 772 1575 902 1800 110660 1024 1510 959 1400 862 1270 687 1205 720 2 1020 548 1045 527 1125 594 1330 712 1430 81660 95765 1054 1640 1031 1440 87390 842 1240 742 1230 723 020 519 1075 541 1160 615 1360 73485 848 1760 996 1695 1065 1620 1025 1435 858 1360 807 1210 692 1195 722 4 1030 518 1080 56220 666 1370 747 1520 885 1810 1051 1675 1034 1600 989 1410 844 1290 721 1185 73210 681 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1 1255 685 1260 711 1300 714 1440 821 1680 1118 1630 1074 1670 1134 1840 127995 1414 2145 1516 2360 1621 2510 1732 2 1265 712 1270 716 1310 730 1475 859 1810 1305 1605 98730 1161 1870 1320 2045 1438 2190 1532 2390 1648 2540 1761 230 704 1275 718 1360 751 1535 906 1865 1401 1620 1111 1750 1249 1925 1369 2075 1467 2230 1559 2425 1679 2545 1777 4 1220 701 1280 697 1410 789 1595 998 1750 1262 1655 1107 1785 1266 1955 1408 2100 1496 2290 1590 2460 1703 2565 1775 1 2565 1775 2 2570 3 4 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2

COMMON UNIT RATES IN HONG KONG Description Average Rates in HK$ Unit 3Q2015 4Q2015 1Q2016 2Q2016 Reinforced concrete Grade 40 m,530.00 1,570.00 1,530.00 1,400.00 Sawn formwork m 2 520.00 530.00 530.00 490.00 Deformed high yield steel bar reinforcement kg 8.50 8.40 8.60 8.60 105 mm Solid concrete block wall m 2 240.00 245.00 250.00 260.00 Mastic asphalt roofing overall 20 mm thick (2-coat work) on horizontal surfaces 20 mm (Finished) Timber strip flooring including plywood sub-floor, sanding and wax polishing m 2 166.00 167.00 167.00 170.00 m 2 740.00 750.00 750.00 760.00 Timber skirting 100 mm high x 13 mm thick m 101.00 102.00 102.00 103.00 50 mm Solid core flush door faced both sides with 5 mm timber veneered plywood including door frame, architrave, mouldings and painting (excluding ironmongery) Galvanised mild steel in balustrades, railings and general welded and framed work No. 6,700.00 6,700.00 6,700.00 6,700.00 kg 40.00 40.00 39.90 39.90 Structural steelwork - standard sections kg 38.10 38.00 37.90 37.90 Fluorocarbon coated aluminium windows - frame and hardware including clear float glass and glazing (single-glazed windows) m 2 2,840.00 2,860.00 2,860.00 2,870.00 20 mm Cement and sand (1:3) paving m 2 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 Coloured unglazed ceramic mosaic floor tiling m 2 275.00 280.00 280.00 280.00 Marble slab flooring (mid-range, European origin) m 2 3,650.00 3,680.00 3,680.00 3,680.00 Two coats internal lime cement plaster to soffit and beams m 2 107.00 110.00 111.00 112.00 Metal panel suspended ceiling m 2 755.00 755.00 755.00 755.00 Ceramic / homogeneous wall tiling; internal work m 2 615.00 620.00 620.00 620.00 Ceramic mosaic external wall tiling; adhesive fixed (45 x 45 or 45 x 95 mm tiles) Alkali resistant primer and two coats of emulsion paint on plastered walls and ceilings m 2 470.00 480.00 480.00 480.00 m 2 60.00 62.00 63.00 64.00 Notes: - The unit rates above are for general guidelines of likely tendered rates obtained by competitive tendering for lump sum fixed price contracts with a normal contract period. - The rates are also based on normal site conditions, locations and normal working hours. 3

HONG KONG REPORT SEPTEMBER 2016 Office Type of Building 2 0 1 6 2 Approximate Order of Construction Costs in Hong Kong and Selected Cities in Hong Kong HK$ Macau MOP Beijing (Cost per Square Metre Construction Floor Area at 2nd Quarter 2016 Prices) Chengdu Guangzhou Shanghai Shenzhen High Quality 23,600-33,300+ 18,000-22,900+ 7,400-11,000 6,700-9,700 7,200-10,800 7,400-10,800 7,100-10,500 7,100-10,700 6,700-9,700 7,300-10,900 6,700-9,700 6,700-9,700 Medium Quality 18,500-22,700 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Ordinary Quality 15,700-19,900 11,000-14,800 3,850-5,300 3,500-4,600 3,700-4,900 3,850-5,000 3,600-4,750 3,700-5,000 3,500-4,600 3,800-5,100 3,450-4,550 3,450-4,600 Shopping Centre High Quality 29,800-35,600+ 23,000-27,900+ 7,700-12,100 6,800-10,600 7,400-11,300 7,600-11,800 7,200-11,100 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Medium Quality 22,700-27,800 N/A 6,100-7,700 5,500-6,900 6,000-7,300 6,100-7,700 5,800-7,100 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Residential High Rise; High Quality ; 24,400-36,800+ 14,900-20,500+ 4,150-5,750 3,700-5,200 4,000-5,500 4,050-5,600 3,850-5,300 4,000-5,400 3,650-5,100 4,100-5,600 3,650-5,100 3,650-5,100 High Rise; Better Quality ; 17,000-19,900 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A High Rise; Ordinary Quality ; 15,400-16,600 8,200-9,900 2,250-3,050 1,950-2,700 2,150-2,900 2,150-2,950 2,100-2,850 2,100-2,950 1,950-2,700 2,150-2,950 1,950-2,700 1,950-2,700 House; High Quality ; 35,500-53,100+ N/A 4,500-6,200 4,000-5,600 4,150-5,900 4,350-6,100 4,100-5,800 4,150-5,900 3,900-5,500 4,450-6,100 3,900-5,500 3,900-5,500 House; Medium Quality ; 23,400-29,400 N/A 2,950-3,850 2,650-3,550 2,850-3,650 2,900-3,850 2,750-3,600 2,900-3,650 2,650-3,500 2,900-3,750 2,650-3,500 2,650-3,500 Clubhouse 32,900-53,800+ N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A External works & landscaping (cost/m 2 external area) Hotel (including FF&E) 4,250-9,100+ N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 5-Star 35,400-43,000+ 30,200-36,400+ 12,400-16,500 11,300-14,500 12,700-16,400 12,300-16,200 11,800-15,400 11,700-15,600 11,200-14,600 12,200-16,100 11,100-14,600 11,100-14,600 3-Star 29,200-33,700 23,800-26,600 9,300-11,900 8,500-10,700 9,400-11,400 9,200-11,700 8,900-11,200 8,900-11,500 8,500-10,700 9,200-11,700 8,300-10,600 8,300-10,700 Industrial Landlord; High Rise ; 10,100-11,500 N/A 2,550-3,450 2,200-3,100 2,450-3,300 2,450-3,450 2,350-3,200 2,400-3,250 2,250-3,100 2,450-3,400 2,250-3,100 2,250-3,100 End User; Low Rise ; 13,000-19,500 N/A 3,650-6,400 3,250-5,700 3,450-6,300 3,600-6,300 3,350-6,200 3,450-6,200 3,250-5,700 3,600-6,300 3,250-5,700 3,250-5,700 Carpark Basement; up to 2 Levels ; 2 19,200-26,300+ 10,800-13,400+ 3,550-6,200 3,500-5,800 3,600-6,300 3,900-6,500 3,600-6,200 3,500-5,900 3,500-5,900 3,600-6,200 3,550-5,900 3,500-5,900 Multi-Storey ; 9,000-10,700 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A NOTES Tianjin Wuhan Wuxi Xian Zhuhai The construction costs above are based on prices obtained by competitive tendering for lump sum fixed price contracts with a normal contract period and are based on normal site conditions and locations. Extra costs should be allowed for projects with fast track programme, non-traditional procurement approaches and multi-phasing completion, etc. The costs are average square metre unit costs only not based on any specific drawings / design. Therefore they provide nothing more than a rough guide to the probable cost of a building. Figures outside the given ranges may be encountered. When information is required on a specific project, it is essential that professional advice be sought. The standards for each type of building in selected cities in do not necessarily follow those in Hong Kong due to local design practices and choice of materials. The building costs exclude furniture, fittings and equipment (except hotel / serviced apartment / clubhouse), site formation and external works, finance and legal expenses, consultants' fees and reimbursables, value of land and fluctuations in prices between the price date as specified above and the time of calling tenders. ( / / ) Construction floor areas are measured to the outside face of external walls (or in the absence of such walls, the external perimeter) of the building & include all lift shafts, stairwells and E&M rooms but exclude lightwells and atrium voids. These areas are usually larger than Architect's calculation of Gross Floor Area (Plot Ratio Area). () ( ) 4 5 Other Specific Exclusions : HOTEL : pre-opening expenses, operating expenses, working capital, staff training and administrative costs SHOPPING CENTRE : fit out to tenant areas INDUSTRIAL; LANDLORD () : security system, air conditioning, electrical distribution in tenant areas; production and warehousing equipment; special M&E provisions PROJECTS IN SELECTED CITIES IN CHINA : utilities to the site beyond site boundary, connection charges and capital contribution; local authority levies and taxation; import duties

HONG KONG REPORT SEPTEMBER 2016 LABOUR COST TRENDS AVERAGE DAILY WAGES OF WORKERS ENGAGED IN PUBLIC SECTOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS 2,100 2,050 2,000 1,950 1,900 1,850 1,800 1,750 1,700 1,650 1,600 1,550 1,500 1,450 1,400 1,350 Daily Wages (HK$ per day) 1,700 1,650 1,600 1,550 1,500 1,450 1,300 1,250 1,200 1,150 1,100 1,050 1,400 1,350 1,300 1,250 1,200 1,150 1,100 1,000 950 900 850 800 750 700 1,050 650 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 14 15 16 6 Month / Year Average Daily Wages in HK$ per day Selected Occupations 2014 2015 2016 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bar Bender and Fixer 1,854.6 1,882.4 1,894.2 1,870.7 1,860.6 1,878.8 1,886.,880.5 1,890.1 1,882.1 1,861.5 1,880.2 1,910.2 1,899.4 1,897.8 1,948.4 1,996.5 2,020.6 2,055.7 2,084.2 Concretor 1,890.1 1,894.9 1,945.0 1,871.7 1,896.2 1,928.8 1,871.7 1,886.4 1,902.,856.4 1,851.5 1,904.8 1,909.6 1,895.4 1,867.1 1,864.,902.2 1,939.2 1,938.9 1,932.5 Carpenter (formwork) 1,852.7 1,876.5 1,906.8 1,883.8 1,927.7 1,926.4 1,882.9 1,898.2 1,883.6 1,875.1 1,852.5 1,870.1 1,858.7 1,837.5 1,885.9 1,879.5 1,949.6 2,016.9 2,060.1 2,067.9 Painter and Decorator 947.1 981.9 992.4 996.8 1,025.8 1,026.8 1,052.2 1,047.6 1,089.,106.2 1,086.2 1,104.7 1,112.5 1,121.5 1,139.1 1,150.,141.0 1,135.2 1,121.7 1,141.8 Plasterer 1,234.8 1,255.9 1,278.7 1,260.5 1,298.2 1,313.8 1,297.1 1,315.9 1,353.,393.,385.2 1,476.4 1,348.5 1,343.6 1,349.6 1,354.2 1,339.0 1,365.5 1,381.,388.7 Metal Worker 1,070.,103.5 1,138.5 1,098.1 1,115.6 1,110.6 1,127.0 1,116.7 1,136.0 1,146.,135.7 1,158.,172.7 1,159.4 1,153.0 1,146.5 1,131.2 1,153.,165.6 1,180.5 Plumber 1,092.,130.1 1,146.7 1,142.7 1,173.6 1,161.4 1,175.0 1,179.2 1,199.8 1,222.5 1,236.9 1,251.6 1,263.2 1,258.7 1,255.,267.5 1,277.,283.6 1,296.,285.1 General Workers 838.9 856.2 862.0 867.4 878.9 887.3 903.4 904.1 904.4 904.9 907.1 921.2 927.8 915.7 911.3 919.1 920.9 926.1 943.8 945.7 (Source: Census and Statistics Department) 6

MATERIAL COST TRENDS AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF SELECTED BUILDING MATERIALS 6,000 8,500 5,500 8,000 5,000 7,500 4,500 7,000 4,000 6,500 Costs of Materials (HK$) 3,500 3,000 2,500 6,000 5,500 5,000 2,000 4,500 1,500 4,000 1,000 3,500 500 3,000 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 14 15 16 Month / Year 3 4 5 6 Average Wholesale Prices of Selected Building Materials Building Materials 2014 2015 2016 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sand ($/10 t) 1,180 1,190 1,200 1,290 1,450 1,450 1,480 1,460 1,400 1,410 1,380 1,530 1,650 1,890 1,380 1,070 1,190 1,220 1,220 1,220 Bitumen ($/t) 8,350 8,250 8,200 7,950 7,900 7,900 7,900 8,000 8,000 7,917 7,850 7,750 7,600 7,150 7,017 6,750 6,583 6,167 5,650 5,450 Portland Cement ($/t) 727 729 736 739 738 742 742 740 739 739 739 739 739 738 726 720 714 713 712 712 Sawn Hardwood 50x75 ($/m 3 ) 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 5,707 Mild Steel Round Bars ($/t) 5,490 5,470 5,438 5,360 5,291 5,270 5,285 5,270 5,215 5,180 5,165 5,125 5,090 5,073 5,054 5,059 5,270 5,380 5,450 5,255 High Tensile Steel Bars ($/t) 4,427 4,349 4,208 4,073 3,970 3,930 3,900 3,792 3,713 3,643 3,524 3,355 3,333 3,242 3,157 3,200 3,466 3,905 3,844 3,570 (Source: Census and Statistics Department) 7

HONG KONG REPORT SEPTEMBER 2016 Liquidated & Ascertained Damages vs. Preliminaries Cost 400,000 Preliminaries Cost per Day (HK$) 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 - - 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 Rate per Day of Liquidated & Ascertained Damages (HK$) Contract Sums : < $200M $200M - $400M $400M - $600M $600M - $800M $800M - $1,000M > $1,000M The graph shows the relationship between the Rate per Day of Liquidated & Ascertained Damages and the Preliminaries Cost per Day of the selected projects. For simplicity reason, the Preliminaries Cost per Day is calculated by dividing the total preliminaries cost by the contract period in calendar days of each project. Liquidated & Ascertained Damages are genuine pre-estimates of the loss suffered by the Employer if a contractor fails to meet the contract completion date. They are usually calculated based on a rate per day under the contract conditions. Preliminaries costs are contractor s prices on items not covered by the trade works. The majority of the preliminaries costs are time related, such as contractor s site team, insurance, site accommodation, temporary water and electricity, safety management and watchmen, plant operation costs, progressive setting-out and site cleaning, etc. A contractor may be able to recover time related preliminaries costs in the event of an extension of time granted in accordance with the contract conditions. Disclaimer All cost data and other information are for general reference purposes only without being necessarily applicable to specific sites, developments or projects of any particular individual or company. 8

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