1 (1-VAR) Deg Rad E-2

CASIO FC-200V FC-100V FC- 200V 1 2 AC SHIFT ALPHA VARS Y CTLG ALPHA SHIFT ALPHA SHIFT STAT SHIFT SHIFT ALPHA (S-MENU) ( SHIFT STAT ) E-1

1 (1-VAR) Deg Rad E-2

1. ON SHIFT 9 (CLR) 2. ALL:EXE ( ) EXE 3. EXE (Yes) 4. AC ESC (Cancel) EXE (Yes) ( ) Calculation Mode COMP ( ) Paymen End Date Mode 365 dn CI Periods/Y Annual FC-200V Bond Date Date FC-200V Date Input MDY PRF/Ratio PRF FC-200V B-Even Quantity FC-200V Digit Sep. Off Angle Deg Display Digits Norm1 STAT Off E-34 E-92 E-3

+ - E-4

ON FC-200V FC-100V E-5

1 3 4 5 9 9 9 9 10 10 12 12 12 22 22 24 26 27 27 28 31 32 34 Ans 34 M 36 A, B, C, D, X, Y 37 VARS 39 40 E-6

41 41 43 49 54 58 / / 60 63 FC-200V 65 FC-200V 70 FC-200V 77 1 77 2 81 3 83 4 85 5 87 6 89 92 92 94 96 Pi( ) e 96 96 97 97 98 99 101 102 E-7

106 106 106 STAT 109 STAT 110 132 132 134 135 137 138 140 141 141 144 E-8

ON SHIFT AC OFF 1. SETUP 2. CONTRAST EXE EXE ESC E-9

31(dot) 96(dot) STAT SHIFT D S E-1 ALPHA alpha A alpha M E-36 STO RCL SHIFT RCL (STO) RCL E-36 E-37 E-92 E-10

STAT 360 SI DMY STAT E-108 ( ) (DMY) D R G FIX SCI DISP E-14 E-32 E-31 E-11

SMPL E-42 CMPD E-44 CASH E-50 AMRT E-55 COMP E-28 E-98 STAT E-108 CNVR E-59 COST E-61 DAYS E-64 ( FC-200V) DEPR E-66 ( FC-200V) BOND E-71 ( FC-200V) BEVN E-78 E-12

SETUP Set: SETUP SETUP 1. SETUP E-14 2. EXE 3. EXE E-15 Set: Set: E-13

1. Set: EXE 2. 1 Payment / E-15 2 Date Mode E-15 3 dn E-15 4 Periods/Y E-16 5 Bond Date E-16 6 Date Input E-16 7 PRF/Ratio E-17 8 B-Even E-17 9 Digit Sep. E-18 10 Angle E-18 11 Fix E-19 12 Sci E-19 13 Norm E-20 14 STAT E-20 15 CONTRAST E-21 E-14

1 Payment ( ) CMPD AMRT 1 Begin 2 End 1. Payment EXE 2. 1 (1:Begin) 2 (2:End) EXE 2 Date Mode( ) SMPL DAYS BOND FC-200V 1 360 2 365 1. Date Mode EXE 2. 1 (1:360) 2 (2:365) EXE 3 dn CMPD 1 CI 2 SI 1. dn EXE E-15

2. 1 1:CI 2 (2:SI) EXE 4 Periods/Y( ) BOND FC-200V Annual Semi-Annual 1.Annual 2.Semi 1. Periods/Y EXE 2. 1 1:Annual 2 (2:Semi) EXE 5 Bond Date( ) BOND FC-200V (Date) (Term) 1.Date 2.Term 1. Bond Date EXE 2. 1 1:Date 2 (2:Term) EXE 6 Date Input( ) DAYS BOND FC- 200V E-16

MDY DMY 1.MDY 06012006 2006 6 1 2.DMY 01062006 2006 6 1 1. Date Input EXE 2. 1 1:MDY 2 (2:DMY) EXE 7 PRF/Ratio( / ) BEV BEVN FC-200V PRF r % 1.PRF 2. r % 1. PRF/Ratio EXE 2. 1 1:PRF 2 (2: r %) EXE 8 B-Even BEV BEVN FC-200V Quantity Sales 1.Quantity 2.Sales E-17

1. B-Even EXE 2. 1 1:Quantity 2 (2:Sales) EXE 9 Digit Sep. STAT COMP 12 Sci 1:Superscript 123'456 2:Subscript 123 456 ' 3:Off 123456 1. Digit Sep EXE 2. 1 1:Superscript 2 2:Subscript 3 3:Off EXE 10 Angle 90 = 2 radians = 100 grads 1:Deg Degrees 2:Rad Radians 3:Gra Grads 1. Angle EXE E-18

2. 1 1:Deg 2 2:Rad 3 3:Gra EXE 11 Fix 12 Sci 13 Norm 0 9 1. Fix EXE 2. 0 9 100 7= 14.286 (Fix 3) = 14.29 (Fix 2) 12 Sci 11 Fix 13 Norm 1 1 10 10 1. Sci EXE 2. 0 9 10 7= 1.4286 10 (Sci 5) = 1.429 10 (Sci 4) E-19

13 Norm 11 Fix 12 Sci Norm1: 10-2 > x x 10 10 Norm2: 10-9 > x x 10 10 1 200 = 5 10-3 (Norm1) = 0.005 (Nrom2) 1. Norm EXE 2. 1 (Norm1) 2 (Norm2) 14 STAT STAT CASH STAT Mode DataEditor FREQ CASH STAT DataEditor Frequency 1:On FREQ 2:Off FREQ 1. STAT EXE 2. 1 (1:On) 2 (2:Off) EXE DataEditor FREQ FREQ On DataEditor E-20

15 CONTRAST( ) 1. CONTRAST EXE 2. 3. ESC 1. ON SHIFT 9 (CLR) 2. Setup:EXE ( ) EXE 3. EXE (Yes) 4. AC ESC Cancel EXE Yes COMP E-21

EXE 2 ( 5 + 4 ) 2 ( -3 ) = 2 ( 5 4 ) 2 (-) 3 EXE ( ) ( ) sin 30 = Deg 1. CTLG 2."sin(" ( ) EXE 3. 3 0 ) EXE sin 30 = 1. SHIFT 1 (sin) 2. 3 0 ) EXE E-22

( 2 ( 5 + 4 ) 2 sin(30) 2 (3) 20 A 2 EXE E-28 14 15 1111 + 2222 + 3333 + 4444 99 SHIFT 1 E-23 (sin)

10 (Insert) (Overwrite) (Insert) (Overwrite) SHIFT DEL (INS) 369 13 369 12 3 6 9 1 3 DEL 2 E-24

369 12 369 12 3 6 9 1 2 DEL 3 6 9 1 2 DEL cos(60) sin(60) SHIFT 2 (cos) 6 0 ) DEL SHIFT 1 (sin) SHIFT 2 (cos) 6 0 ) SHIFT 1 (sin) E-25

EXE Math ERROR Syntax ERROR 14 10 2 = 14 0 2 = 1 4 0 2 EXE 1 EXE AC E-26

COMP COMP 7 8 4 5 = 36 7 8 4 5 EXE E-134 1 6 = Norm1 FIX Fix3 SCI Sci3 E-15 E-27

( ) EXE ( 2 + 3 ) ( 4 1 ) = 15 2 3 ) 4 1 EXE 1 2% = 0.02 2 SHIFT (%) EXE 2 150 20% = 30 1 5 0 2 0 SHIFT (%) EXE 3 880 660 6 6 0 8 8 0 SHIFT (%) EXE 4 2500 15% 2 5 0 0 2 5 0 0 1 5 SHIFT (%) EXE E-28

5 3500 25% 3 5 0 0 3 5 0 0 2 5 SHIFT (%) EXE 6 168 98 734 20% 1 6 8 9 8 7 3 4 EXE ANS 2 0 SHIFT (%) EXE 7 500 300 3 0 0 5 0 0 SHIFT ( %) 8 40 46 48 4 6 4 0 SHIFT ( %) DEL 8 EXE E-29

9 $480 25% 4 8 0 2 5 SHIFT ( %) 4 8 0 2 5 SHIFT ( %) 10 $130 4% 1 3 0 (-) 4 SHIFT ( %) 1 3 0 (-) 4 SHIFT ( %) E-30

EXE 3 + 3 3 3 1. 3 2. CTLG 3 3. " " ( ) EXE 4. 3 3 EXE Disp EXE E-31

COMP COMP 1 1 2 2 3 3 EXE EXE EXE E-3 E-21 E-32

4 3 + 2.5 = 14.5 4 3-7.1 = 4.9 4 3 2 5 EXE AC DEL DEL DEL DEL 7 1 EXE E-33

VARS M A B C D X Y n I% PV PMT FV P/Y C/Y PM1 PM2 Dys COMP COMP Ans EXE SOLVE M+ SHIFT M+ (M-) RCL SHIFT RCL (STO) 15 AC ALL:Solve E-34

3 4 30 3 4 EXE 3 0 EXE Ans AC ANS 123 + 456 = 579 789 579 = 210 1 2 3 4 5 6 EXE 7 8 9 ANS EXE E-35

M M M+ SHIFT M+ (M ) ALPHA M+ (M) 1. 3 5 ( ) 2. SHIFT RCL (STO) 3. M: ( ) EXE 4. EXE (Yes) SMPL SI M 1. SMPL (SI) E-41 E-42 2. SHIFT RCL (STO) 3. SI ( ) EXE 4. M: ( ) EXE 5. EXE (Yes) (#) M E-36

AC M 23 + 9 = 32 53 6 = 47 45 2 = 90 99 3 = 33 ( ) 22 1. 0 4 5 2 2 3 9 M+ 5 3 6 M+ SHIFT M+ (M ) 9 9 3 M+ ALPHA M+ (M) EXE 2. SHIFT RCL (STO) 3. "M:"( ) EXE 4. EXE (Yes) M A, B, C, D, X, Y 3 + 5 A 1. 3 5 2. SHIFT RCL (STO) 3. "A:"( ) EXE 4. EXE (Yes) E-37

A ALPHA CNVR (A) A B ALPHA CNVR (A) ALPHA COST (B) EXE CMPD PMT A 1. CMPD PMT ( ) 2. SHIFT RCL (STO) 3. "A:"( ) EXE 4. EXE (Yes) (#) AC 9 6 3 5 8 = 1.425 1. 9 6 3 2. SHIFT RCL (STO) 3. "B:"( ) EXE 4. EXE (Yes) 5. 5 8 6. SHIFT RCL (STO) 7. "C:"( ) EXE 8. EXE (Yes) E-38

9. COST (B) ALPHA ALPHA DAYS (C) EXE VARS VARS n I% PV PMT FV P/Y C/Y PM1 PM2 Dys COMP COMP COMP 1. SHIFT CTLG (VARS) 2. EXE VARS 1. ON SHIFT 9 (CLR) 2. VARS:EXE ( ) 3. EXE (Yes) 4. AC EXE (Yes) ESC (Cancel) VARS P/Y C/Y 1 n I% PV PMT FV PM1 PM2 Dys 0 EXE E-39

VARS VARS 1. ON SHIFT 9 (CLR) 2. "Memory:EXE"( ) EXE 3. EXE (Yes) 4. AC EXE (Yes) ESC (Cancel) E-40

SMPL SMPL SMPL SMPL 1 Set* 365 2 Dys 120 3 I% 5% 4 PV $10,000 Data Mode E-15 SMPL 1 SI SFV 1. 1 2 3 4 1 "Set:" EXE E-41

2 365 2 Dys 120 EXE 3 I% 5 EXE 4 PV 10000 EXE 2. ALL:Solve 3. SOLVE ESC SMPL 2 SI 1 2 SI:Solve 3 SFV 1 2 SPF:Solve E-42

SMPL VARS SMPL Dys I% PV SMPL SMPL SMPL COMP 365 360 SI Dys PV I% SFV CMPD CMPD CMPD CMPD E-43

1 Set *1 End 2 n 48 3 I% 4% 4 PV $1,000 5 PMT $300 6 FV $16,760 7 P/Y 12 8 C/Y *2 12 1 E-15 2 dn E-15 dn 2 12 1 7 (P/Y) 8 ( ) E-44

CMPD 1 FV 4% $1,000 $300 1. E-44 1 Set: EXE 2 End 2 n 48 EXE 3 I% 4 EXE 4 PV 1000 EXE 5 PMT 300 EXE 7 P/Y 12 EXE 8 C/Y 12 EXE (E-46 ) 2. FV ( ) 3. SOLVE E-45

n I% PV PMT 1 (E-45 ) / 1 16 20 1. n 2. 20 30 3. 16 4. EXE E-46

E-15 dn CMPD VARS CMPD n I% PV PMT FV P/Y C/Y CMPD CMPD CMPD COMP PV, PMT, FV, n E-47

I% E-48

n I% PV PMT FV P/Y PMY C/Y I% = " S " SOLVE " S " = CASH DCF NPV IRR PBP * NFV E-49

PBP DPP I% 0 PBP SPP CASH CASH CASH CF0 CF1 CF2 1 I% 3% / CF0 $10,000 CF1 $1,000 CF2 $4,500 CF3 $5,000 CF4 $4,000 ( ) E-50

CASH 1 NPV 1. I% / 1 I% 3 EXE Csh=D.Editor x EXE DataEditor x y FREQ -10000 EXE (CF0) ( ) -1000 EXE (CF1) 4500 EXE (CF2) 5000 EXE (CF3) 4000 EXE (CF4) 2. ESC 3. NPV:Solve 4. SOLVE ESC E-51

CASH 2 IRR 1 3 IRR:Solve IRR VARS I% 3 PBP 1 3 PBP:Solve 4 NFV 1 3 NFV:Solve DataEditor DataEditor 80 X 40 X, Y X, FREQ 26 X, Y, FREQ x y FREQ DataEditor 80 STAT 1- VAR STAT Off (E-20 ) STAT 2-VAR 1-VAR STAT 1-VAR 2-VAR CASH VARS CASH I% CASH I% E-52

I% COMP NPV n 79 NFV IRR IRR NPV = 0 IRR i 100 NPV 0 NPV 0 IRR PBP n E-53

AMRT BAL PM2 INT PM1 PRN PM1 INT PM1 PM2 PRN PM1 PM2 AMRT AMRT AMRT a PM1(INT) b PM1(PRN) c PM2 BAL E-54

d PM1 PM2 PRN e PM1 PM2 INT 1 Set* 1 End 2 PM1 PM1 15 3 PM2* 2 PM2 28 4 n* 3 5 I% 2% 6 PV $100,000 7 PMT $920 8 FV* 3 9 P/Y PMT 12 10 C/Y* 4 12 E-55

1 E-16 2 PM2 PM1 3 4 n 8 FV 4 2 12 AMRT 1 28 BAL 1. E-55 1 2 3 5 6 7 9 10 ( ) 1 Set: EXE 2 End 2 PM1 15 EXE 3 PM2 28 EXE 5 I% 2 EXE 6 PV 100000 EXE 7 PMT 920 EXE 9 P/Y 12 EXE 10 C/Y 12 EXE E-56

2. BAL:Solve 3. SOLVE ESC AMRT 2 15 PM1 INT 1 2 INT:Solve 3 15 PM1 PRN 1 2 PRN:Solve 4 15 PM1 28 PM2 INT 1 2 INT:Solve 5 15 PM1 28 PM2 PRN 1 2 PRN:Solve AMRT VARS AMRT PM1 PM2 n I% PV PMT FV P/Y C/Y AMRT AMRT AMRT COMP E-57

a PM1 INT b PM1 PRN c PM2 BAL d PM1 PM2 PRN e PM1 PM2 INT I% I% CNVR APR EFF E-58

CNVR CNVR CNVR 1 n 6 2 I% 3% CNVR 1 APR EFF 1. n I% 1 n 6 EXE 2 I% 3 EXE 2. EFF:Solve 3. SOLVE ESC E-59

CNVR 2 EFF APR 1 2 APR:Solve CNVR VARS CNVR n I% CNVR EFF APR I% CNVR CNVR CNVR COMP APR EFF n % % / / / / COST E-60

COST COST COST 1 CST $40 2 SEL $100 3 MRG 60% COST 1 MRG 1. CST SEL 1 CST 40 EXE 2 SEL 100 EXE 2. 3 MRG 3. SOLVE E-61

COS 2 1. 1 1 MRG SEL 2. 2 1 CST 3 SEL 1. 1 1 MRG CST 2. 2 2 SEL COST VARS COST CST SEL MRG COST CST SEL MRG E-62

DAYS d1 d2 1901 1 1 2099 12 31 DAYS DAYS DAYS 1 Set *1 365 2 d1 *2 11052004 / / (2004 11 5 ) 3 d2 *2 04272005 / / (2005 4 27 ) 4 Dys 173 1 E-15 360 d1 31 30 d2 31 1 E-63

2 0 01, 02, 03. MDY DMY (E-15 ) 1 2 d1 3 d2 4 Dys DAYS 1 1. E-63 1 Set: EXE 2 365 2 d1 11052004 EXE 3 d2 04272005 EXE 2. Dys 3. SOLVE E-64

DAYS 2 3 Date Mode 365 d1 d2 Answer Memory 2 d1 Dys 1. 1 1 Dys 173 d2 2. 2 d2 3 d2 Dys 1. 1 1 Dys 173 d1 2. 2 d1 DAYS VARS DAYS d1 d2 Dys DAYS DAYS DAYS COMP Dys FC-200V DEPR SL FP SYD DB E-65

DEPR DEPR DEPR 1 n 6 2 I% *1 200 25% 3 PV $150,000 4 FV $0 5 j 6 YR1 2 1 FP DB DB 200 DDB DEPR 1 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 n 6 EXE E-66

2 I% 25 EXE FP DB 2 I% 3 PV 150000 EXE 4 FV 0 EXE 5 j 3 EXE 6 YR1 2 EXE 2. SL:Solve 3. SOLVE ESC DEPR 2 25% 1 2 FP:Solve 3 1 2 SYD:Solve 4 1. 1 1 I% 200 2. 2 DB:Solve E-67

DEPR VARS DEPR n I% PV FV DEPR DEPR DEPR COMP SLj n PV FV j YR1 j E-68

FPj j RDVj j I% SYDj RDVj j j E-69

DBj j RDVj j I% FC-200V BOND BOND BOND BOND 1 Set *1 Bond Date( ) Periods/Y( / ) 2 d1* 2 (Month, Day, Year) 2004 Purchase Date 06012004 6 1 Redemption Date 12152006 3 d2* 2 * 3 (Month, Day, Year) 2006 1 2 15 E-70

4 n 3 5 RDV *4 $100 $100 6 CPN *5 3% 7 PRC *6 $100-97.61645734 8 YLD 4% 1 Date Term (E-15 ) Annual Semi-Annual Periods/Y ( / ) (E-15 ) 2 0 01, 02, 03. MDY DMY (E-15 ) 3 d2 4 RDV 100 5 CPN 0 6 $100 PRC INT CST ( ) E-71

d1 1902 1 1 2097 12 30 d2 1902 1 2 2097 12 31 ( ) Date Mode 365 1 365 (Date Mode) (E-15 ) SETUP BOND 1 Date PRC 1. (E-70 E-71 ) Bond Date Date 1 2 3 5 6 8 Bond Date Term 1 4 5 6 8 Date Mode 365 1 Set: EXE Periods/Y EXE 1 Annual 1 EXE Set: Bond Date EXE E-72

1 Date 2 d1 06012004 EXE 3 d2 12152006 EXE 5 RDV 100 EXE 6 CPN 3 EXE 8 YLD 4 EXE 2. PRC 3. SOLVE ESC BOND Term Date Mode 360 Periods/Y / Annual 2 Date YLD 1. 1 1 PRC -97.61645734 YLD 2. 2 YLD ( ) E-73

3 Term PRC 1. 1 1 Bond Date 2 (Term) d1 d2 n 2. n 3 4 Term YLD 1. 1 1 Bond Date 2 (Term) d1 d2 n 2. 4 n 3 EXE 3. PRC -97.61645734 YLD 4. 2 YLD BOND VARS BOND n d1 d2 n d1 d2 n d1 d2 COMP BOND RDV CPN PRC YLD E-74

PRC CPN YLD A M N RDV D B INT CST $100 % % 1=Annual 2 = Semi- Annual Bond Date Term n $100 = D A $100 PRC Bond Date( ) E-75

Term Bond Date YLD YLD YLD E-76

FC-200V BEVN BEVN BEVN BEVN BEVN BEV MOS Margin of Safety DOL Degree of Operating Leverage DFL Degree of Financial Leverage DCL Degree of Combined Leverage QTY CONV. EXE BEV 1 BEV 0 0% E-77

BEV 1. BEVN 2. BEV:EXE 3. EXE 1 Set *1 (B-Even) ( ) (PRF/Ratio) PRF( ) 2 PRC $100/ 3 VCU $50/ 4 FC $100,000 5 6 PRF* 2 $400,000 r %* 2 40% QBE* 3 10,000 ( ) SBE* 3 $1,000,000 1 PRF r % PRF/Ratio (E-15 ) Quantity Sales B-Even (E-15 ) 2 PRF/Ratio Ratio r % 3 B-Even Sales SBE E-78

BEV 1 QBE 1. E-78 1 2 3 4 5 1 Set: EXE PRF/Ratio EXE 1 PRF 1 Set: EXE B-Even EXE 1 Quantity 2 PRC 100 EXE 3 VCU 50 EXE 4 FC 100000 EXE 5 PRF r % 0 EXE 2. 6 QBE E-79

3. SOLVE BEVN 2 SBE 1. 1 1 B-Even 2 (Sales) 2. 2 SBE 3 $400,000 QBE 1 1 PRF 400000 4 $400,000 SBE 1. 1 1 B-Even 2 (Sales) PRF 400000 2. 2 SBE 5 40% QBE 1 1 PRF/Ratio 2 r % r % 40 6 40% SBE 1. 1 1 PRF/Ratio 2 r % B-Even 2 (Sales) r % 40 2. 2 SBE 7 2 3 4 5 6 E-80

BEV VARS BEV PRC VCU FC PRF r % QBE SBE BEVN BEV MOS DOL DFL DCL QTY CONV BEV PRF/Ratio PRF PRF/Ratio r % QBE FC PRF PRC VCU SBE r % 2 MOS E-81

MOS 1. BEVN 2. MOS:EXE 3. EXE 1 SAL $1,200,000 2 SBE $1,000,000 3 MOS 0.1667(16.67%) MOS 1 MOS 1. 1 SAL 1200000 EXE 2 SBE 1000000 EXE 2. 3 MOS 3. SOLVE E-82

MOS 2 SAL SBE 1 MOS VARS MOS SAL SBE MOS BEVN BEV MOS DOL DFL DCL QTY CONV. MOS SAL SBE MOS 3 DOL DOL 1. BEVN 2. DOL:EXE 3. EXE E-83

1 SAL $1,200,000 2 VC $600,000 3 FC $200,000 $200,000 4 DOL 1.5 DOL 1 DOL 1. 1 SAL 1200000 EXE 2 VC 600000 EXE 3 FC 200000 EXE 2. 4 DOL 3. SOLVE DOL 2 SAL VC FC 1 E-84

DOL VARS DOL SAL VC FC DOL BEVN BEV MOS DOL DFL DCL QTY CONV DOL SAL VC FC DOL 5 DFL EBIT DFL 1. BEVN 2. DFL:EXE 3. EXE 1 EIT EBIT $400,000 2 ITR $80,000 3 DFL 1.25 E-85

DFL 1 DFL 1. E-85 1 EIT 400000 EXE 2 ITR 80000 EXE 2. 3 DFL SOLVE 3. DFL 2 EBIT ITR 1 DFL VARS DFL EIT ITR DFL BEVN BEV MOS DOL DFL DCL QTY CONV DFL E-86

EIT EBIT ITR DFL 5 DCL DCL 1. BEVN 2. DCL:EXE 3. EXE 1 SAL $1,200,000 2 VC $600,000 3 FC $200,000 4 ITR $100,000 5 DCL 2 E-87

DCL 1 DCL 1. E-87 1 SAL 1200000 EXE 2 VC 600000 EXE 3 FC 200000 EXE 4 ITR 100000 EXE 2. 5 DCL 3. SOLVE DCL 2 SAL VC FC ITR 1 DCL VARS DCL SAL VC FC ITR DCL BEVN BEV MOS DOL DFL DCL QTY CONV DCL E-88

SAL VC FC ITR DCL 6 QTY CONV. QTY CONV. 1. BEVN 2. QTY CONV.:EXE 3. EXE E-89

1 SAL $100,000 2 PRC $200/ 3 QTY 500 ( ) 4 VC $15,000 5 VCU $30/ 6 QTY 500 ( ) QTY CONV. 1 QTY 1. 1 2 3 1 SAL 100000 EXE 2 PRC 200 EXE 2. 3 QTY 3. SOLVE 3 QTY 6 QTY 2 SAL PRC 1 E-90

3 QTY 1. E-90 4 5 6 4 VC 15000 EXE 5 VCU 30 EXE 2. 6 QTY 3. SOLVE 6 QTY 3 QTY 4 VC VCU 3 QTY CONV. VARS QTY CONV. SAL PRC QTY VC VCU BEVN BEV MOS DOL DFL DCL QTY CONV. QTY CONV. E-91 SAL PRC QTY VC VCU

I% 3% Payment End PV -$1,000 PMT -$50 (P/Y) 12 (C/Y) 12 10% SHORTCUT 1 1 1. CMPD 2. Payment I% PV PMT P/Y C/Y E-43 3. n 4. SHIFT RCL (STO) Shortcut 1 1 Shortcut 2 2 (#) E-92

5. Shortcut 1 1 EXE 6. EXE (Yes) SHORT CUT 1 6 ESC EXE (Shortcut 1) SHORTCUT 2 2 1. COMP COMP 2. FV PV n VARS 3. Shortcut 1 1 4 5 6 Shortcut 2 2 n = 60 SHORT 1. CUT 1 (shortcut 1) SHORT CMPD CUT 1 (shortcut 1) n 2. 60 EXE SHORT CUT 1 (shortcut 1) n E-93

3. FV SOLVE Ans SHORT 4. CUT 2 (Shortcut 2) (Shortcut 2) 5. EXE SHORT CUT 2 EXE 10% 1. ON SHIFT 9 (CLR) 2. Shortcut:EXE ( ) EXE 3. 1 (Shortcut 1) 2 (Shortcut 2) 4. AC STAT STAT CASH E-33 SHORT SHORT COMP CUT 1 ( 1) CUT 2 ( 2) function shortcut FMEM1 FMEM2 E-94

FMEM sin-1 FMEM1 1. COMP COMP 2. (1) CTLG (2) sin-1 ( ) EXE 3. SHIFT RCL (STO) FMEM 1 1 FMEM 2 2 (#) 4. FMEM 1 EXE 5. EXE (Yes) FMEM1 5 ESC EXE FMEM1 sin SHIFT SHORT CUT 1 (FMEM1) 1. ON SHIFT 9 (CLR) 2. FMEM:EXE ( ) EXE 3. 1 (FMEM1) 2 (FMEM2) 4. AC E-95

AC CTLG FC-200V Rnd( sin( cos( tan( x 2 ( ^( e^( ln( FC-100V Rnd( sin( cos( tan( e^( 10^( ^( ln( log( x ( COMP( COMP ) Pi( ) e Pi( ) e Pi( ) e = 3.14159265358980 ( e = 2.71828182845904 ( SHIFT ALPHA X10 x ( )) X10 x (e)) E-15 E-96

sin 30 = 0.5 sin -1 0.5 = 30 Deg SHIFT 1 (sin) 3 0 ) EXE 1. 2. sin -1 ( ) EXE 3. 0 5 ) EXE sinh 1 = 1.175201194 cosh -1 = 0 1. CTLG 2. sinh ( ) EXE 3. 1 ) EXE 1. CTLG CTLG 2. cosh -1 ( ) EXE 3. 1 ) EXE SHIFT ANS (DRG ) 1 radians = 90 0 50 grads = 45 2 0 E-97

Deg ( SHIFT X10 x ( ) 2 ) SHIFT Ans (DRG ) 2 (r) EXE 5 0 SHIFT Ans (DRG ) 3 (g) EXE 2 cos ( radians) = -1 cos (100 grads) = 0 Deg SHIFT 2 (cos) SHIFT X10 x ( ) SHIFT Ans (DRG ) 2 (r) ) EXE SHIFT 2 (cos) 1 0 0 SHIFT Ans (DRG ) 3 (g) ) EXE 3 cos -1 (-1) = 180 cos -1 (-1) = Deg 1. CTLG 2. cos -1 ( ) EXE 3. ( ) Rad 1 ) EXE 1. CTLG 2. cos -1 ( ) EXE 3. ( ) 1 ) EXE log( log (m, n) m 10 ln( e E-98

1 log 2 16 = 4 1. CTLG 2. log( ( ) EXE 3. 2 SHIFT ) ( ) 1 6 ) EXE 2 log 16 = 1.204119983 1. CTLG 2. log( ( ) EXE 3. 1 6 ) EXE 10 3 ln 90 (= log e 90) = 4.49980967 1. CTLG 2. ln( ( ) EXE 3. 9 0 ) EXE 4 ln e = 1 1. CTLG 2. ln( ( ) EXE 3. ALPHA X10 x (e) ) EXE 5 e 10 = 22026.46579 1. CTLG 2. e ^( ( ) EXE 3. 1 0 ) EXE 1 1.2 10 3 = 1200 1. 1 2 CTLG 2. 10^( ( ) EXE 3. 3 ) EXE E-99

2 (1 + 1) 2+2 = 16 1. ( 1 1 ) CTLG 2. ^( ( ) EXE 3. 2 2 ) EXE 3 2 3 = 8 1. 2 CTLG 2. 3 ( ) EXE 3. EXE 4 ( 2+1) ( 2-1) = 1 1. ( CTLG 2. ( ( ) EXE 3. 2 ) 1 ) ( CTLG 4. ( ( ) EXE 5. 2 ) 1 ) EXE 5 32 5 = 2 1. 5 CTLG 2. x ( ( ) EXE 3. 3 2 ) EXE 6 5 3 + -27 3 = -1.290024053 1. CTLG 2. ( ( 3 ) EXE 3. 5 ) CTLG 4. ( ( 3 ) EXE 5. ( ) 2 7 ) EXE E-100

(Pol) Pol(X, Y) X X Y Y -180 180 r X Y (Rec) Rec( r, ) r r x X y Y r X Pol ( 2, 2) +5 = 2 + 5 = 7 E-101

1 (X, Y) = ( 2, 2) ( r, ) Deg 1. 2. Pol ( ( ) EXE 3. SHIFT 5 ( ) 2 ) SHIFT ) (,) SHIFT 5 ( ) 2 ) ) EXE 2 ( r, ) = (2, 30) (X, Y) Deg 1. CTLG CTLG 2. Rec ( ( ) EXE 3. 2 SHIFT ) (,) 3 0 ) EXE! Abs( Ran# npr ncr Rnd( Factorial (!) 0 (5 + 3)! = 40320 1. ( 5 3 ) CTLG 2.! ( ) EXE 3. EXE E-102

Abs Abs (2 7) = 5 1. CTLG 2. Abs( ( ) EXE 3. 2 7 ) EXE Ran# 1 1000 1. 1 0 0 0 CTLG 2. Ran# ( ) EXE 3. EXE EXE EXE E-103

npr ncr n r 0 r n 1 10 10 10 4 1. 1 0 CTLG 2. P ( ) EXE 3. 1. 4 1 EXE 0 CTLG 2. C ( ) EXE 3. 4 EXE Rnd Norm1 Norm2 10 Fix Sci 200 7 14 = 400 2 0 0 7 1 4 EXE 1. SETUP 2. Fix ( ) EXE 3. 3 4. ESC 5 EXE E-104

15 2 0 0 7 EXE 1 4 EXE 2 0 0 7 EXE SHIFT 0 (Rnd) EXE 1 4 EXE E-105

STAT STAT STAT EXE 1-VAR A+BX _+CX2 ln X e^x e A B^X ab A X^B 1/X STAT Editor Screen STAT STAT Editor Screen STAT STAT MENU) 2 (Data) SHIFT STAT (S- E-106

STAT Editor Screen STAT STAT FREQ Statistical Display STAT FREQ FREQ STAT STAT COMP STAT AC EXE E-107

X1 123.45 X1 1 2 3 4 5 EXE STAT E-21 Statistical Display STAT OFF ON FREQ FREQ 80 40 40 26 STAT M+ SHIFT M+ (M-) STO VARS STAT Editor CASH DataEditor Statistical Display FREQ E-108

1. STAT 2. EXE 1. STAT 2. DEL 1. STAT 2. SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 3 (Edit) 3. 1 (Ins) STAT STAT 1. SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 3 (Edit) 2. 2 (Del-A) STAT STAT STAT STAT STAT STAT STAT AC STAT E-109

STAT STAT STAT SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) STAT STAT STAT 1 Type 2 Data STAT STAT Editor Screen Edit 3 Edit 4 Sum Sum Var 5 Var MinMax 6 MinMax E-110

7 Reg Reg E-117 A+BX E- 121 (_+CX 2 ) 1-VAR STAT 4 (Sum) 5 (Var) 6 (MinMax) Sum (S-MENU) (Sum) SHIFT STAT 4 1 x 2 2 x Var SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 5 (Var) 1 n 2 x 3 x n 4 x n-1 E-111

MinMax SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 6 (MinMax) 1 minx 2 maxx 1 1-VAR {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} FREQ ON 1. SETUP 2. STAT ( ) EXE 3. 1 (On) STAT EXE (1-VAR) 1 EXE 2 EXE 3 EXE 4 EXE 5 EXE 6 EXE 7 EXE 8 EXE 9 EXE 1 0 EXE AC 2 {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10} FREQ ON (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 2 (Data) E-112

SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 3 (Edit) 1 (Ins) DEL AC 3 FREQ {1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1} FREQ ON (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 2 (Data) 2 EXE 2 EXE 2 EXE 2 EXE 3 EXE 4 EXE 2 EXE AC 4 7 3 4 (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 4 (Sum) 1 ( x 2 ) EXE E-113

(S-MENU) (Sum) 2 ( x) EXE SHIFT STAT 4 5 (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 5 (Var) 1 (n) EXE (S-MENU) (Var) 2 (x) EXE SHIFT STAT 5 (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 5 (Var) 3 (x n) EXE 6 (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 6 (MinMax) 1 (MinX) EXE (S-MENU) (MinMax) 2 (maxx) EXE SHIFT STAT 6 E-114

A+BX STAT 4 (Sum) 5 (Var) 6 (MinMax) 7 (Reg) E-115

Sum (S-MENU) (Sum) 1 x 2 2 x 3 y 2 4 y 5 xy 6 x 3 7 x 2 y 8 x 4 SHIFT STAT 4 X X Y Y X Y X X Y X SHIFT STAT 5 Var (S-MENU) (Var) 1 n 2 x 3 x n 4 x n-1 5 y 6 y n 7 y n-1 X X X Y Y Y MinMax (S-MENU) (MinMax) SHIFT STAT 6 1 minx 2 maxx 3 miny 4 maxy X X Y Y E-116

Reg (S-MENU) (Reg) SHIFT STAT 7 1 A A 2 B B 3 r r 4 x 5 y 8 10 7 7 X Y X Y 1.0 1.0 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.1 2.4 1.6 1.5 1.2 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.3 2.7 1.8 1.9 1.4 3.0 2.0 1. SETUP 2. STAT ( ) EXE 3. 2 (Off) STAT EXE (A+BX) 1 EXE 1 2 EXE 1 5 EXE 1 6 EXE 1 9 EXE 2 1 EXE 2 4 EXE 2 5 EXE 2 7 EXE 3 EXE E-117

1 EXE 1 1 EXE 1 3 EXE 1 5 EXE 1 7 EXE 1 2 EXE 1 4 EXE 1 6 EXE 1 8 EXE 2 EXE AC 8 (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 4 (Sum) 5 ( xy) EXE (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 5 (Var) 3 (x n) EXE (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 6 (MinMax) 4 (maxy) EXE E-118

9 (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 7 (Reg) 1 (A) EXE SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 2 (B) EXE SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 3 (r) EXE 10 ( y = 3 =?) 3 SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 4 ( ) EXE ( x = 2 =? ) 2 SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 5 ( ) EXE (_+CX2) E-119

Reg SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 5 6 A B C 1 x1 2 x2 y E-120

Sum sums Var MinMax 11 13 7 E-119 11 (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 1 (Type) EXE (_+CX 2 ) AC 12 (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 7 (Reg) 1 (A) EXE SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 2 (B) EXE SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 3 (C) EXE E-121

13 y = 3 1 = 3 SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 4 ( 1 ) EXE y = 3 2 = 3 SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 5 ( 2) EXE x = 2 = 2 SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 6 ( ) EXE ln X e e^x ab A B^X A X^B 1/X y = A + BlnX y = Ae BX y = AB X y = AX B y = A + B X E-122

ln X e e^x ab A B^X E-123

A X^B 1/X E-124

7 E-119 14 e ab FREQ OFF (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 1 (Type) EXE (In X) AC (S-MENU) (Reg) 3 (r) EXE SHIFT STAT 7 (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 1 (Type) EXE (e^x) AC (S-MENU) (Reg) 3 (r) EXE SHIFT STAT 7 (S-MENU) (Type) EXE (A B^X) (S-MENU) (Reg) 3 (r) EXE SHIFT STAT 1 AC (S-MENU) SHIFT STAT 1 (Type) EXE (A X^B) AC SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 3 (r) EXE (S-MENU) (Type) EXE (1/X) (S-MENU) (Reg) 3 (r) EXE SHIFT STAT 1 AC SHIFT STAT 7 SHIFT STAT 7 E-125

15 y = A + Blnx x y 1. SETUP 29 1.6 2. STAT ( ) EXE 50 23.5 3. 2 (Off) 74 38.0 103 46.4 118 48.9 STAT EXE (In X) 2 9 EXE 5 0 1 0 3 EXE EXE 1 7 4 EXE 1 8 EXE 3 8 EXE 1 6 EXE 2 3 5 EXE 4 6 4 EXE 4 8 9 EXE AC SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 1 (A) EXE SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 2 (B) EXE x = 80 + 8 0 y = 73 + 7 3 SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 3 (r) EXE = SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 5 ( ) EXE = SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 4 ( ) EXE E-126

16 y = Ae Bx 1. SETUP x y 6.9 21.4 2. STAT ( ) EXE 12.9 15.7 3. 2 (Off) 19.8 12.1 26.7 8.5 35.1 5.2 STAT EXE (e^x) 6 9 EXE 1 2 9 EXE 1 9 8 EXE 2 6 7 EXE 3 5 1 EXE 2 1 4 EXE 1 5 7 EXE 1 2 1 EXE 8 5 EXE 5 2 EXE AC SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 1 (A) EXE SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 2 (B) EXE x = 16 1 6 y = 20 2 0 SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 3 (r) EXE = SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 5 ( ) EXE = SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 4 ( ) EXE E-127

17 y = AB x 1. SETUP x y -1 0.24 2. STAT ( ) EXE 3 4 3. 2 (Off) 5 16.2 10 513 STAT EXE (A B^X) ( ) 1 EXE 3 EXE 5 EXE 1 0 EXE 1 6 0 2 4 EXE 4 EXE 2 EXE 5 1 3 EXE AC SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 1 (A) EXE SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 2 (B) EXE SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 3 (r) EXE x = 15 = 1 5 y = 1.02 SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 5 ( ) EXE SHIFT = 1 STAT 0 2 (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 4 ( ) EXE E-128

18 y = Ax B 1. SETUP x y 28 2410 2. STAT ( ) EXE 30 3033 3. 2 (Off) 33 3895 35 4491 38 5717 STAT EXE (A B^X) 2 8 EXE 3 0 EXE 3 3 EXE 3 5 EXE 3 8 EXE 2 3 3 4 5 4 1 0 EXE 0 3 3 EXE 8 9 5 EXE 4 9 1 EXE 7 1 7 EXE AC SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 1 (A) EXE SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 2 (B) EXE x = 40 4 0 y = 1000 SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 3 (r) EXE = SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 5 ( ) EXE SHIFT = 1 STAT 0 0 0 (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 4 ( ) EXE E-129

B 19 y = A + x x y 1. SETUP 1.1 18.3 2. STAT ( ) EXE 2.1 9.7 3. 2 (Off) 2.9 6.8 4.0 4.9 4.9 4.1 STAT EXE (1/X) 1 1 EXE 2 1 EXE 2 9 EXE 4 EXE 4 9 EXE 1 8 3 EXE 9 7 EXE 6 8 EXE 4 9 EXE 4 1 EXE AC SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 1 (A) EXE SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 2 (B) EXE x = 3.5 3 5 y = 15 1 5 SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 3 (r) EXE = SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 5 ( ) EXE = SHIFT STAT (S-MENU) 7 (Reg) 4 ( ) EXE E-130

Reg e ab E-131

1. Pol(, Rec( sin(, cos(, tan(, sin -1 (, cos -1 (, tan -1 (, sinh(, cosh(, tanh(,sinh -1 (, cosh -1 (, tanh -1 ( log(, ln(, e^(, 10^(, (, ( 3 Abs( Rnd( 2. x 2, x 3, x -1, x!, 0, r, g, ^(, x ( % 3. (-) 4. 1 2 5. npr ncr 6. e 2 5A A 2 (3) Asin(30) 7. 2 ( 2) 2 x 2 2 3 E-132

-2 2 = -4 1. ( ) 2. CTLG 2 3. 2 ( ) EXE 4. EXE (-2) 2 = 4 1. ( ( ) 2 ) 2. CTLG 3. 2 ( ) EXE 4. EXE 6 1 2 = 1.570796327 1 (2 ) = 0.1591549431 1 2 SHIFT x10 x ( ) EXE 1 ( 2 SHIFT x10 x ( ) ) EXE E-133

stacks numeric stack 10 command stack 24 2 ( ( 3 + 4 ( 5 + 4 ) 3 ) 5 ) + 8 = 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 1 2 3 2 ( 3 4 3 ( 4 5 4 + 5 4 5 : 6 ( 7 + : Stack ERROR E-134

1 10-99 9.999999999 10 99 0 15 10 1 1 E-135

E-137 ^(x y ) x y 3 x! npr ncr (singular point) (inflection point) E-136

P/Y C/Y PM1 PM2 d1 d2 j YR1 1 9999 1 9999 PM1<PM2 1901 1 1 2099 12 31 1902 1 1 2097 12 30 BOND 1901 1 1 2099 12 31 1902 1 2 2097 12 31 BOND 1 12 n I% -100 Math ERROR I% PV PMT FV Math ERROR n 0 Math ERROR i% -100 Math ERROR PV PMT FV I% -100 Math ERROR NPV I% -100 Math ERROR IRR IRR -50 Math ERROR / Math ERROR E-137

PV FV i% Math ERROR n > 255 Math ERROR j > n + 1 (YR1 12) Math ERROR YR1 > 12 Argument ERROR PRC RDV 0 CPN 0 Math ERROR YLD CPN 0 RDV 0 PRC 0 Math ERROR CPN 0 RDV > 0 PRC < 0 Math ERROR E-27 AC Math ERROR E-138

0 F- 137 E-139 Stack ERROR Syntax ERROR Argument ERROR YR1 > 12 E-137 E-139 E-139

1. 2. 3. E-3 4. (1) ON SHIFT 9 (CLR) (2) All:EXE ( ) EXE (3) EXE (Yes) (4) AC E-140

FC-200V G13 LR44 1. SHIFT AC (OFF) 2. 3. E-141

4. 5. 6. (1) ON SHIFT 9 (CLR) (2) All:EXE ( ) EXE (3) EXE (Yes) (4) AC E-3 FC-100V AAA R03(UM-4) E-142

1. SHIFT AC (OFF) 2. 3. + - 4. 5. 6. (1) ON SHIFT 9 (CLR) (2) All:EXE ( ) EXE (3) EXE (Yes) (4) AC 6 ON E-143

FC-200V G13 LR44 1 3 1 0 40 12.2(H) 80(W) 161 (D) mm 1 / 2 "(H) 3 1 / 8 "(W) 6 5 / 16 (D) 105 3.7 FC-100V R03(UM-4) 1 17,000 0.0002W 0 40 13.7(H) 80(W) 161 (D) mm 9 / 16 "(H) 3 1 / 8 "(W) 6 5 / 16 (D) 110 3.9 E-144