Ecological Sanitation in developing and emerging countries Heinz-Peter Mang Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing Ecological sanitation course, Norway15.-20.August 2005
CIM Integrated Experts (IE) Professional/highly-qualified European experts (Recruitment on the European labour market!) Returnees (RE) Professional/highly-qualified experts who wish to return to their home countries Young Professionals (YP) Qualified young German and European professionals China, Columbia, Ecuador, Malaysia, Namibia, South Africa, Initiative and responsibility remains with local employer CIM works upon request only Requested experts are not available locally Employer offers local work contract (salary, benefits, duty travel, equipment) Employer defines targets and expected results CIM-Programme is in line with the focal regions and sectors of bilateral German co-operation CIM-Programme is interlinked with German development organizations (GTZ, KfW, DAAD ) Public-Privat-Partnership preffered Orientation courses for experts (up to three months)
Ecological Sanitation Concept
High Fresh Water Consumption Water Consumption in China Liter per PE and Day 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Tianjin 197 Beijing 375 298 Shenzhen Guangzhou 515 Germany 127 Source: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt und Energie; Jutta Ludwig in: bfai German Chinese BusinessForum 5/00
Phosphate limted Lifetime of phosphate reserves at different scenarios (parameter:yearly increase of phosphate consumption based on 7,000,000 t P 2 O 5 reserves) 100 80 60 [%] 40 most likely 20 3% 2 % 0 2,5% 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 year
composition of household wastewater
STAKE HOLDERS Local governments NGO s/cbos Service Users Private sectors Service providers, etc. Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Model Ecological Sanitation SYSTEM ELEMENTS Toilets Collection Transport Storage Treatment Energy/Hygiene Agriculture Process time ENABLING CONDITIONS Economics Socio-cultural Environmental Institutional Technical Policies Maximum degree of sustainable use of resources
Separation of substances substances urine (yellowwater) faeces (brownwater) greywater (shower, washing, etc.) rainwater organic waste treatment hygienisation by storage or drying anaerobic digestion, drying, composting constructed wetlands, gardening, wastewater ponds, biol. treatment, membranetechnology filtration, biological treatment composting, anaerobic digestion utilisation liquid or dry fertiliser biogas, soil improvement irrigation, groundwaterrecharge or direct reuse water supply, groundwaterrecharge soil improvement, biogas
CHINA National Patriotic Health Campaign Committee Urine diverting double vault Dehydration toilets Pictures: JuiSan Society, I. Jurga, E. Medilanski 1.000.000 units EAWAG SIDA SIDA Jiu Jiu San San Society Society UNICEF
二十一世纪城市排水系统新模式 New model of city sewage system in the 21th century Ningbo Ecocity Ecocity Builder Builder Association De De An An Group Group
CHINA Ministry of of Agriculture Household biogas sanitation systems 11 Mio units Systems also in India and Vietnam... Pictures: WCEF, chinabiogas, I. Jurga
CHINA Ministry of of Agriculture 4 in 1 System Pigstable-Toilet-Greenhouse-Vegetable more than 160.000 units in North-China in peri- urbane areas of Mega-Cities Use of nutrien, energy and corbonhydroxid for agricultural production
NEPAL ENPHO Urine diversion double vault, with anal cleaning tank Kathmandu, enpho.org This System is also introduced in India, Sri Lanka Pictures: Steinhauer, Calvert
Combined Treatment and use of household and livestock waste NEPAL ecosan-projekt in Dhapasi, Nepal
INDIA / CHINA BORDA DEcentralised WAstewater Treatment Systems DEWATS also being implemented in China, Indonesia Pictures: BORDA,
LESOTHO TED-BIOGAS Household biogas system Community blackwater biogas plant Pictures: I.Jurga
Urban Agriculture Urine fertilization research KUBA UMB-GTZ-EPROHIV workshops Control Unprepared plot ictures: Mang, Hammer Urine/ unprepared plot
BOTSWANA IUCN-DED-GTZ Project includes composting of organic wastes Kid-cover Pictures: GTZ
BOTSWANA JOJO JOJO ecosan-jojo
BOTSWANA ORBIT/ROEVAC Shoshong - Vacuum blackwater sewage system
Vacuum Sewerage Vacuum Pipe Work Interface Valve Unit To Biogas Plant Vaccum Station
Malaysia ROEVAC Langkawi Lagoon Resort Application of Vacuum Sewerage System: where conventional sewage systems become very expensive in case of flat terrain in dense populated historical town areas in rural and town-near regions in the presence of high ground water tables along rivers, lakes, tourist ports, marinas in ecologically sensitive areas (Drinking Water Collection Areas) to collect blackwater for (semi)centralised treatment and reuse
SOUTH AFRICA Provincial government CSIR CSIR Mvurula Trust Trust Pictures: I.Jurga
Eco housing Kimberley SOUTH AFRICA Sol Sol Plaatje Plaatje Municipality& Housing Company Old toilet system New toilet system Pictures: Mang, Jurga
SOUTH AFRICA Companies solution: ENVIRO-LOO Solar Solar San San Pictures: H.-P. Mang
Biolytics SOUTH AFRICA Stellenbosch Vermicomposting
Ecuador Jenny Jenny Aragundy Project Pestalozzi Project Cordelec
NAMIBIA GTZ GTZ participatory development of ecosan solutions in Gibeon and Mariental Information, awareness building, situation and stakeholder analysis Participatory development of ecosan concepts Pilot and demonstration units (fixed and movable dehydration toilets with urine diversion)
SENEGAL EPUVALEAU Epuvalisation Also in Marocco and Greece
Tingloy PHILLIPINES CAPS CAPS Phil. Phil. Center Center for for water& water& Sanitation GTZ GTZ Water Water in 2004 Foundation of Philippines Ecosan Network (PEN) Pictures: WASTE, GTZ
Eco settlement Tepoztlan MEXICO LANETA Mexico, Laneta.apc.org inside outside greywater Pictures: Mang, lanetacenter for Energy and Environmental Protection Technology Development (CEEPTD/MoA)
ETHIOPIA SUDEA Pictures: SUDEA Eco-Lily
UGANDA School sanitation Institutional Toilet at Kisoro Teacher Training College Left side for Ladies and right side for Gentlemen Inside UDS Toilet at SWTWS Office Kabale Note: Basket and Ladle for ash application
El Salvador WASTE Solar dehydration urine diversion toilet
Urin Diversion Toilet Sanitary Unit Greywater Garden Solar dehydration Mali GTZ Koulikoro
Solization of feacal sludge Egypt GTZ
INDIA ACTS ACTS Public Toilet Bangalore compost green waste feces waste paper compost
ZIMBABWE Aquamor Aberloo Fossa Alterna Pictures: P.Morgan Skyloo The system is also introduced in : Mocambique, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi
THANK YOU!
SWEDEN Solid-liquid separation and drying
New Zealand Grey water wetland Compost toilet bin
FINLAND Inhouse compost toilet with urine diversion
Incineration toilet: 800W = 1 x FINLAND
JAPAN ecosan technologies Bio-Lux Compost (Seiwa Denko Ltd) Several mixing mechanisms Mixing chamber with sawdust