1500 1980 1986 42
M 1994 3 4
1987 142 1979 273 H N H G H U 1983 33
1861 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1927 ** 10 8 15 35 41 14 25 18 39 15 0.5 36 33 35 57 23 43 36 52 30 12 35 44 61 78 87 53 91 49 58 50 29 53 68 59 103 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 150 125 218 173 129 185 175 174 164 138 186 202 145 604 344 174* 485 147 399 332 301 305 198 200 756 597 520 327 489 442 327 509 23 495
1988 89
1790.8.2 1800.8.4 1810.8.6 1820.8.7 1830.6.1 1840.6.1 1850.6.1 1860.6.1 1870.6.1 1880.6.1 1890.6.1 1900.6.1 1910.4.15 1920.1.1 1930.4.1 1900 =100 5 7 10 13 17 22 31 41 52 66 83 100 121 139 162 3929214 5308483 7239881 9638453 12866020 17069453 23191876 31443321 39818449 50155783 62947714 75994575 91972266 105710610 122775046 % 35.1 36.4 33.1 33.5 32.7 35.9 35.6 26.6 26.0 21.2 20.7 21.0 14.9 16.1 Jonathan HughesAmerican Economic HistoryScottForesman and Company1983P151 152 36
L 1984 14 H N 1981 23
1988 1993 83 88
C 1991 6 Jonathan HughesAmerican Economic HistoryScottForesman and Company1983P41. 102 103
1962 144 1980 323
1989 75 1976 685 687 L 1984 11 1500 1980 1986 255 256
1983 25
1979 252 1986 1988 98 99
P 1986 132 1982 130 1982 41 Jonathan Hughes American Economic Historyscottforesman and company1983p441.
21 160
86
1980 452 Bruno S. FreyReiner EichenbetRerAme-rican and European Economics and EconomitsJournal of Economic Perspetives, Fall 1993.P185 193. 1979 426 428
C 1992 24 68 17 1014 1015
29 629 630 75 76 1987 25 26 C 1988
1992 38 44
946
1992 174 275 G.Porter: Encyclopedia of American Economic History, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1980, Vol. I, P274. 43 503
1831 1833 1835 1837 1839 1841 1843 1845 1847 1849 1851 1853 1855 1857 1859 49 116 138 348 386 606 288 277 263 1048 1274 2170 2453 2077 1707 1861 1863 1865 1867 1869 1871 1873 1875 1877 1879 1893 1895 1897 1899 1016 574 819 2514 4103 6660 5217 1606 2280 5006 3024 1420 2109 4569 1901 1903 1905 1907 1909 1911 1913 1915 1917 1919 5368 5652 4388 5212 3748 3066 3071 933 979 686 277 1992 240
JohnM. MontiasThe Structure of Eeonomic SystemsNew HavenYale University Press 1976P33. 4 169 148 149 1979 35 125
1995 10 13 K W.W. 1988 326 Stanley LebergottThe AmericansAn Economic Record. W. W. Nor-tonCompany1984, P140 156. 97 98 503
124 45 227 42 43 46 1982 28
1860 1880 1900 1913 29 234 235
1987 22 1986 21 22
. 1986 42 449 44 45
31 580 581 S 1991 138
1980 450 46 27 29 1607 1890 1988 77 1972 163
1993 2
1984 2 1979 315
1982 60 61
25 998 A 1989 81 82
1982 22
1972 27 A 1989 14
1994 37 38
1984 71
PauIM Horvitz Monetalv Policyand the Finacial systemprentice HallInc. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 1974P193.
1988 200 206
1984 147 148 S L 1989 296
99+ 93 89 88 81 70 68 65 61 60 60 46 30 20 14 7 C 1993 7
1890 1914 1914 1936 1938 1950 937 938 D 1987 587 1979 126
1985 79 81. 1988 362 364 D 589
1994 45 236
1995 2 8
228 61 1995 2
4 272 58 232
64
1988 67 1993 3
68
1880* 8 15 10 11 6 10 1929* 10 19 31 19 8 24 1960 28 35 32 18 31 32 1985 37 52 47 33 65 48 94 1990 1988 74 75 191
30
Douglas NorthStructure and Performance: The Task of Economic Histo- ryjournal of Economic Literature vol.x VI,No.3Sept.1978. A 1994 256
20% 5%35.7 20% 20% 20% 20% 1900 1941 1961 1971 1981 1993 56 17 13 9.2 4.8 51.7 24 22.3 15.3 9.5 4.1 45.5 19.6 22.7 16.3 10.9 4.6 44.6 19.1 23.3 16.4 10.8 4.8 45.3 18.8 23.8 16.3 10.2 4.4 48.2 4.4 134 136 630 Stanley Lebergott,The AmericansAn Economic Record,W.W.NortonCompany1984,P498.
1993 5 128
Gene Smiley,The American Economy in the Twentieth CenturySouthWestern Publishing Co. Cincinnati OhioP375 376.
1989 1992
1984 170
1993 60 62
21449 23822 23536 21105 18921 43211 46098 49891 49764 45940 2.2% 20.5% 12.7% 8.5% 7.4% 1993 8
1960 1965 1965 1970 1970 1975 4.5 5.2 7.1 8.5 3.8 6.4 1.3 6.5 5.2 13.1 3.4 5.2 1.9 2.9 5.1 4.4 2.6 5.2 34 35 1994 11 27
1990
H 1994 10 24 1993 286 267 M 1994 3 4
1994 32 33
1992 8 1995 1 26 1995 2 4
3 222 4 483 1979 364
Paul MosleyThe Making of Economic PolicyWheatsheaf Books,1984. 1988 22
A E 1983 1993 1 1993 356 357 Robert Hamrin, America's New Economy, Franklin Watts, New York1988P243 251.
1992 4 5
344 1984 130
73 77 76 78 146 1988 151 154
36
1979 164 19a9 94 1990 2 w w 1988 5 1985 596
1982 268 10 1986 86
1993 Robert B.Reich The Work of Nations;Preparing Ourselves For 21st--Century CapitalismAlfred A.Knope New York 1991.
70 71
107
1870 1879 1880 1889 1890 1899 1900 1909 1910 1919 1920 1929 1930 1939 1940 1949 1950 1959 1960 1969 1970 1979 1980 1991 10% 4% 10% 4% 5% 5% 8% 5% 5% 5% 7% 7% 2155 1940 18+61 1850 1611 1602 1540 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1994 10 1
1500 1980 1986 171 1992 1450
1988 30 31
1995 4
1994 7