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139 Xiantian / Houtian Dimensions and Spiritual Meditation-Alchemical Diet Combination of the Zhou Yi cantongqi Hsi-San Lai Abstract In order to transcend the houtian and return to the xiantian, the Zhou Yi cantongqi combines two kinds of practical methods: alchemical diet (waidan/fushi / ) and spiritual meditation (yinnei yangxing ). In other words, an alchemical-metallic diet was believed to be able to transform the body, while Wei Boyang also asserted that this could be achieved via spiritual meditation. In sum, Wei Boyang expected to transform the body and consciousness concurrently through two different methods with the final goal being to reach the Gods Xiantian Paradise (shenxian xiantian leyuan ). The two practical methods stemmed from the same source, which was based upon the ontology of the primary qi (xiantian qi or yuanqi ). In addition, the Zhou Yi cantongqi inherits both the yinyang cosmogony (yinyang zhouyu shengchenglun ) from the Book of Changes and the symbolic-mathematic skills and mathematical-correlative system (shushu duiying xitong ) from the Han dynasty. However, the Zhou Yi cantongqi possesses a different standpoint than the Confucian one of the Book of Changes, as its ultimate goal nei- * Hsi-San Lai is an assistant professor in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature at National Chi Nan University.
140 20 2 ther was based on the ontic field nor constructed historical culture. Instead, it aimed at transcending the phenomenal plane of the houtian and return to the ontological realm of the xiantian. Keywords: Zhou Yi cantongqi, neidan, waidan, Daoism, Book of Changes