,,, 100 5 ; 74256, 1 2800 ; 8600, 4000, 3082 ( 205. 5 ) ; 2000 ( 133 ) ;, 26391 ( 1759. 4 ), 8463 (564. 2 ),,,,,,,,, 1. 2 ( 800 ), 3732. 8 ( 248. 9 ), 44. 1%,,, 1
,,,, 2085. 2 ( 139 ), 999. 5 ( 66. 6 ), 11. 8 %, 10-11, 15-21, 10,,,,, 1467. 3 ( 97. 8 ), 985. 6 ( 65. 7 ), 11. 6 %,, 5-9,,,, ( ),, 40-50,,,,,,,, 8,,, 2
,,,,,,,, 1978 76. 2, 1988 389. 7, 10 17. 73% 1993 648. 3, 6199. 5 ( 413. 3 ) 90,, 1993 1826 2850, 1993 1000, 1500 ( 1990 ), 22,,,,,,, 3100 2400,, 3
,,,,,,,,,, 1957 56. 5, 1600 ( 106. 7 ) 1958,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1978,,,,,,, 4
,,,,,,,,,,, 80,, 4, 1984 526 ; 1. 2, 1984 635 2000 1988 293. 3, 75 %,, 2805 ( 187 ), 1982 844 ( 56. 3 ), 1993 1064. 4 ( 71 ) 1982 9. 15, 1988 24, 200,, 1993 2125 ( 141. 7 ) 1978, 14%, 100-150 / 14500 ( 966. 7 ),, 1984 420 ( 28 ), 5
1993 498. 6 ( 33. 2 ),, 1988 20 / 48 /,,,,,,,, 1988 3723. 6 ( 248. 2 ),,,,,,,, 1973,,,, 2. 5-7. 5 /, 2-5 ; 6-12 /, 4-8,,, 1988, 7300, 40-50 6
,, 1975, 50 /,,,,,,, 1300,,,,,, ;,, 80,, 500, 50 1987 1194, 10 ; 1995 1900,,, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, 7
,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 8
,,, : ( ) ( ),,,,, ( ),,,, ( ) ( ),,,, 9
; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (,, ),,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 10
,,,,, ;, ( ), ;,,,,,,,, ;,,, 11
,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12
,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; (, ) ; ; ;,,,, ( ),, 13
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 14
1.,,,,, 2.,,,, 15
( Ctenopharyngodoonidellus ),,,,,, 6 6,,,,, 2. 3-3. 0 20-24, 10,,4-5, 1-2 10, 8 10 / : 4-5 ; 4 5 ; 6 7 16
,, 20-25, 28-32, 40,,, 1 0. 7-1 1. 5-2 ( Carassiusauratus ),,,,, 0, 0. 1 /, p H10,, 1,, 100, 800-1000,5 10,,,,,, 17. 86%,,,,, ;,, ( Carassiu sgibelio ),,, 17
,,, 0. 2-0. 5, 5. 9% - 6. 9%, 18. 2% - 18. 4%, A1 A2 B1 B2 D,, ( Carassiu scuvieri) 1976,,,,,, ( ),, 2-3,, 2-3, 3-4,, 20, 5-7,, 0. 3-0. 5 ( Cyprin uscarpio),,,,,,,, 15-30 0. 5 /,, 18
,,,,,,,, 2, 2-4,, 25,, 20,,,,,,,,,,,, 0. 5-1 ( H ypophthalmichthysmolitrix),,,,, 19
1. 5,, 6-10 1-2, 3 5 4-5 /, 20-25,,,,, 30-40,, 1 0. 8, 1. 5-2 ( Cirrhinus molitorella) ( ),,,,,,,,,, 8-15,,,,,,,, 20
,, 18-32, 13, 7 3, 0. 5, 4-9,, 1, 4, 0. 3-0. 5, 30 ( ), ( ), 10, ( Mylopharyngodonpiceus ),,,,,,,,, 1. 5, 60-70,,,, 2-3 21
( Megalobramaamblycephala),,,,, 2, 5-6,,,,, 0. 15-0. 25 2 0. 5-0. 6 ( Aristichthy snobilis ), 1/ 3,,,, 5-7,,, ( ), ( ),, 10, 50, 1 0. 8-1 22
5 6, 23
,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, 24
,, 6, 33,, 20-33,, 0-32, 13, 10,,, /,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, ( ) 2 / 25
5 / 1979, 24, 16 5 /, 3 /,,,,, ( p H ),,,,,,,,, ph6-9. 5, p H 7-8. 5 ( ),,,,,,, ph,, ph, 26
, ( ),, ( ), ph,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 27
,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,, 20-30, 60,,,,,,, 28
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 29
( ),, 1. ( ) ( ) 2. ( ) ( ) ( ) 3. ( ) ( ) 4. ( ), 1. ( ),,,,,,,, 2. ( ),,,, 30
,,,,,,,,,,,, 1958 19,, 11 1969 300, 6,,,, 1978 20, 1,, 0. 25,,,,, 31
( ), ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, : 1. 32
,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,, ( ),,, 1., ( ),, ( ), 33
2.,,,, 150 ( 10 ),, 10, (, ),,,, 3.,,,, ( ) 40, 50, 1., 40-50,,,, (1 ),60, 70,,,,, 500 / 34
(2 ) 70,, 30-50,,, 20 % (3 ) 80,,,,, 2. 40, (1957, ) (1959, ) (1976, ) ( 1978, ) ( 1978, ) (1983, ) (1978, ) (1981, ) (1983, ) (1984, ) ( 1982, ) ( 1985, ) (1989, ), ( ),, 35
,,,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ) 70, 70,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 36
,,,,,,, : [ ( ) ( ) ] [ ( ) ( ) ] [ ( ) ( ) ] [ ( ) ( ) ] [ ( ) ( ) ] [ ( ) ( ) ], 50%,,, 2000 140, 2. 5, 790, 60, ( ) 1.,,,,,,,, 2.,, 37
(1 ) ( ),,,,, (2 ),,,, ( ), ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) (3 ),,,,,,,, 3. (1 ) ;,, 38
,, (2 ),,,, (3 ) ( ),,,,,,,, (4 ), 10,,,,,, (5 ),,,,,,,,, 39
( ),,,,, 4-5, x,, ( ) 20,70,,,,,,,,,, 40
,,,, 34. 7%, 2-3 ( ) ( ),,, 1981, 30,,,,,,, 200-250 1984 23, 1987, 100 ( 6. 7 ), 528, 1118, ( ),,, 2. 7, 89. 2-41
126. 8%,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 80 %,, ( ) 98 %,,,,,,,,,, 1985,, 42
,,,,,21,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,,,, 3 1, 2.,,, 3-4, 4-8,,, 3.,,,,, 43
( 0. 5 ),,, ( ) 1., 60-100,, 2-3, 2. 1980, ( ),,,,,, 3.,,,, ( ) ( ) ; ( ) ( ) ( ) 20%, 44
,,,,, 1988, ( ),,,, 70,,,,,, : ; ; ;,, 14. 74-22. 47%, 22%, 3. 78 %, 5. 88%, ( ) 45
, 80,,,,, 30%, 1-2 ( ) 67 %, 27. 1 %, 109. 1 %, 1-1. 4%, 1985 20, 70 ( 4. 7 ), 3. 5, 1. 4, 46
,, 20%,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 47
,, 18,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, LR H, GT H,, 48
, ( ) 1.,,,, 2. ( GTH ),,,, ( LH ) ( FSH ), 3.,,,, ( 8 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 ( ),,, 8-12 49
, 2-3,, 20-30,, ( ) 1.,, ( LR H ) ( GRIH ), ( LR H ) ( GT H ), ( GRIH ) (GT H ) 2. - -, ( ) ( LR H ), LR H (GT H ) GTH,,,,,,, 50
, ; ( ), ;,, 1.,, 9-15,,,,, 4-5. 5,,, 3. 5-4,,,,, 2. 5,,, 1-2. 5 2.,,,,,,,,,,, 51
,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 1., 15-22,,,,, 900-1050,,,,,,,,, 2., 52
,,,,,,,,, 1/ 2,,,,, 2/ 3,,, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 53
( ), ( 11 1 ) -, (2-4 ), -, 4 ( ),, ( 5-7 ),,,,,, (8-10 ),,,,,, ( ) 1.,, : = / 100 % = / 100 %, 1-2 %, 3-6%, 14-22%, 30%, 1-1. 5% 2., 20%, 54
,,,,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,, 2. (1 ),, (2 ), :, ;, ; (3 ) 1: 1-1. 5, ( ) 1.,,, 55
, 3-4, 1. 5-2,,, 2.,,,,, ( ),, 100-125,,,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,, 300-500 /, 4-6, 400-600 / 25,,,,,, 1% - 2% 56
,, 20,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,, 30 % - 50 %, 2% - 3%,,,,,,,,, 1,,,, 3, 1% - 2%,, 40-60 %,, 2% - 3%,,,, 3-5,, 3-5,,, 57
,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,, 2-3, ( ) 1.,,,,,,,,, 0. 3-0. 6 /,, 2., 4 /, 5-8 / 2 /, 58
3. 17-31, 22-28, 17 31, ( 3-5 ),,, 4., p H 7. 5,,, ; 5.,, ;, 60-70 ( ), ( ) ( ),, 5-6, ( ),, 1/ 2,,,,, 59
,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,,,, 2. :, 3., 4., :, ; ; p H ( p H 6. 5) ;, ;,, 5., 0. 1ppm 60
6. : : ;,,, ;,,, 15, 7. :,,,, 8. ( 2/ 3 ) 20-25, 8 = / 100 %, = / 100 % ( ) 1. ( ),, 2.,,, ( ),,, 3. = ( / ) 100 % 4., ;, 2 ;, 61
( ) 1.,,, 2.,,,,, 50-100, 8-10,, 10-15 1. 5-2,, 1. 5 2. 5, 2, 25-30,, 3-4,,,,, 15-20, 40, 40-50,,, ( ), ( ) 62
,,, ( 80% ),, 100-200 1.,,,,, 1), 1, ( 70 ), 2) 80, 1-1. 2, 3), 50,,, 0. 06 / 50 30, 8, 14 ; 120 70 4 4), 100-150, 1. 5-2, 25, 5-10,,, 5), 63
, 6), 2., 200-400, 100 20,, 3.,, 200 100 10 ( ), ( PG), ( H CG), ( LRH - A ),,, ( RE S) (DOM ) 1. ( PG),, ( LH ) ( FSH ),,,,, 2. ( HCG), ( ),,,, ( LH ),, 64
,,, 3. ( LR H - A ),, 2 ( LR H - A) 3 ( LR H - A3),,,,,,,,, ( ) 1.,, 2-3,, 6-7, 1. 4, 2.,,,, 3. (1 5 10 ) ( 6 7 8 ) 65
( ),,,,, 5 6,,,,,,,,, (1 ) :,, 18, (2 ),, (3 ),,,,,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,,, 66
,, 2.,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2-3, 3.,,,,,, 1 1, ( ),,, 67
,,,,,, 6-24,,,, 1. (1 ), ; (2 ) ; (3 ), ; (4 ),, ; (5 ),,, ; (6 ),,,, ; (7 ), ; (8 ),, 2. (0. 7 % ),,,, 68
,,,,,,, : (1 ),, 4 (2 ), (3 ), 5 3.,,,,,, 5 10, 6-8, : 1), 45-60, 1,, 2), 30-45, 1-2 3), 1-2,, 69
,, 4.,,,,,,,, 9, 6-8 1-3, ( ) ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 2,,, 2,,,,,, 70
,, : 1., 2.,,,,,,,,,, 3. : (1 ),,,, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),, ( ),,,, 71
1.,,,,,, 2-3,,,,, 3-4, 2.,,,, 3.,,, ( ) 1.,,,, 2., 700-750 /, 600-650 / ( ),,, 72
,,, 1%, ( 1 / ) 10% ( 0. 2 / ), ( ) 1. 2, 1 3-5 7, 11,, 3-4,,, 8-9, 12,, 2-3 ; 3-4 ; 4-5 ; 5-6 2 2. 2 1, 0. 5,,, 73
1-3, 1. 5, 100-150 /,,,,,,,, 10-15, ( ) 1. 0. 5-1, 1-1. 5,, 7-10,,,,, 1-2, 0. 7-1, 2.,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 1, 10-15, 3., 74
18,,,,, 1 1, 6-8, ( ),,,,,,, 4-10 / 1500-2000 / 35-100 /,,, 4-5,, 1-2,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1., 10, 25-30, 60%, 15-18,, 75
,,, 2.,,,,,, 5 3.,,,,,,, (1 ), 5 0. 5-1, 40, 2-3,, (2 ) 100 20-25 10,, 1-1. 5,,,,,, ( ) 1. 3, 0. 5 76
- 1 8, 4 26, 5, 18% - 20%,,, 5-7, 9-10, 11 2., 7,,, 3.,,, 0. 5-1, 2, 1. 5, 1 120,,,,, 6-8% 3,,,, ( ) 1. 5, 26-30, 1 1. 5-2. 0, 30-50 /, 6-8 /,,, 10 77
2., 22-29, 3, 800 ( ) 1. 2-3, 0. 5 7-10, 11 4, 4, 5-6 23. 7%,, 2., ;,, ;, ; ; ; 3.,, 0. 5, 1-3, 1. 2-1. 5, 200-300 /, 2% - 3%, 3, 18-20,, 78
( ) 1., 20,,, 1 1-2,, 2., 6-8 / ; 1000-1500 / ; 60-100 /, 6-7,, 24-26, 8-9 3.,, 20-25,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 79
( ) 1. 2, 200-750, 3,4-6, 5, 18 % - 19 % 2.,,,,,, 3., 500, ( ) 1. 5, 18, 20-26,, 5-6 /,, 2-3 500 10-20, 20-23, 8-10 2.,,,,,,, 3-5, 80
,,,,, ( 5 1 ) 1,, 1,,, 50, 81
2. 6 3, 12 1 ;, 2 2,,,,, 82
,, ( ) 7-8,, (, ),,,,, 1 28-30, 14-16 ( ) 9-10,,,, ( ),,,,, 1-1. 5 25-26, 15 ( ) 9. 3,, 3-4,,, 83
, 1. 5 24-25, 14-16 ( ) 9. 8,, ( ),, 5,,, ( ), 1. 5-2, 2-3 22-23, 15-16 ( ) 7-10,,, 10,,,,,,, 17-20, 11-14 ( ) 6. 6,,,,,, 22, 14 ( ) 7,,,, 84
,, 25, 20-21 85
,, 2,,,,, 1,,,,, ( ) 1. 10,, 0. 22-0. 29, 165-430 210-700, ( ),, 12-15, 0. 62-0. 87, 86
,, 16-20,,,,,,,,, 30,,,, 2.,, 14. 7 12. 16, 82. 17%, 2. 8, 357. 4, 16. 8% 13-30 198. 7%,, 93. 3% 32. 3%, 8 16-18,, 2-4 6 87
, 4 22-26, 1 20, 30 1, 3-10, 15% - 25%, 30 % - 57 %,,,,,,,,, 20-40 / ( 1-1. 5 200 ),,,, 25-30 23, 36, 88
, 5-10, 2,, p H, p H 7. 5-8. 5 ph 7. 0 9. 0 ( N H 3 ) ph 8. 0, 3 /, 1, 2 5-7,, 10,,,,, 15, 12,,, 15,,,,,, 20, ;, 89
,,, ( ), 150, 2-3,,, 1-2,, 7-10,,, 10 1300 3-4 200-250, 1. 5-2. 5, 3 150-200 3, 20-40,,,,,,,, ( ),, 25, 5-7 90
1. 5 25,,,,,, 2-3, 3-4,5 5-6, 10,, :, 2-3 3-5 150-200 20,,,,,,,,,,, 1 7-8 ( ) 1. 50-70,,,,,,,,, 91
3-5, 15-20, 3-4,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,, 2-3, 4.,,,, ( ),,, 92
,, ;,,, :, 10 ( ),,,,,,,,, 2,,,,,,, ( ) 6 8 12 16, 1, 8 8 1 50 1, 30 15, 2-2. 5, 2-2. 5, 54-56, 30-32, 2. 5-3. 5, 1. 4-1. 8,,, 3-12 93
( ),,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2, 3 3, 20,, : 80%,, 3 ( ), 94
, : 1.,,,, 2., 3,, 1 ( 0. 5-0. 7, 1-1. 3 ) 3.,, 4., 5.,, 6.,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,,,,,, 95
2.,,, ( CaO) ( Ca( ClO) 2 ) p H 11,,, 30%,,,, 2 ppm 1, 1. 3 10-15, 7,, 10 ( C3 2 H54 O8 ),, 10ppm 1, 40-50 1-2,,, 7-10 (1 ), 96
,,,,, ph,,,,,,,, :, 5-10,,,,,, 50-75 /,,,,,, 1, 125-150,,,,,,, 10%,,,,, 97
(2 ) 5-10, 1, 13. 5, 20 (20ppm),, 3-5 :,,,,,,, 3), 1, 6. 5, 65-80 10 ( ), 1 50-60,, 300-500, ( ) 300-400,, 5-10, 4, 3-4,, 98
, :,, 15-20 : - -,,, ( 5000-10000, 20 ),, 20-25, 8-10,, 3-5 7-8,,,, 0. 03-0. 05 ppm (80-100 / ), 7-10,, ( ), 10-15 / 18-20 ( ),, 20-25 /, 15-20 /, ;, 10-15 99
( ),, 1. 4-5,,,, ;,,, 2., 3. 5 5, 4.,, 5.,,, 6.,, 7-8,,,,, 100
, 1. ( ), 0.015-0.18, 70 40, ( ) ( ) 1 2. 3-4, 50 50, 1-1.5,,,,, ( ),,,, :, 1/ 4-1/ 3,,, 80% - 101
90 %,,, 2000-4000 ( ),, 2 1 1 1,,, 3-5,,,, ( ) ( ),,, 3 ( 2. 45 / ) 5. 06 / ( ), ( 9-15 / ) 0. 224-0. 38 / ( ),,,, 5-5. 13 / ( ), 4. 14 / ( ),,, 102
,,, 24, ( ),, ( 9 / ) 21 0.38 / ( ), 18 0. 28 / ( ),, 10, 0. 75-1. 77 18 ( ),,,, :, 2-3, ;, 100 ( Na2 S2 O3 5H 2 O ) 0. 63, 0. 1 /, ;, C,,, 20, 200 / ( 6 / ) 103
250 /,,, 104
,,,,,,,, 10, 2-2.5,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 105
,,,,,,, 35 % - 40%, 60 % - 65 %, 25 % - 30 %, 70% - 75%,,, 1. 5-3 2. 5-6, 500-1000 2 3,,,,, 250-350 50-150 15-25 1 106
1, 15-50, 8-25, 1-5 1 500-1000 ; 150-350 ; 100-250,,, 1, 1, : 500 /, 40-60 1250-1500 ;, 50 /, 750-1250 ;,, 12-25 /, 125-250 / ; 250 /, 1-1. 5,,, 107
,,,, :, ( ),,,,, 300-400, 600-800,,,,,,, 6 9,,,,,,,,,, 108
,,,,,,,, :,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 2 ;, 109
,,,1 2, 20%,?, 1 10 ( 10 ), 6 ( 2 ), 80 %,,,,,,, 7-10,, 1 2 1.,, ( ), 110
,, 2.,, ;,,,,,,,, 3.,,, 30 % - 40 %,, 3 5-4 1 :, 1., 111
,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,, 112
1., 4,, 2., 4 5 7 9 4, 4-5 2, 2 ;,,,, 3., 200,, 40-50 6-7,, 6 40-50, 6 50, 200-250,,,,,,,,,,,, 4. 113
,,,,,,, 1., ; 2.,, ( ) 3. ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 114
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3,3. 3 15-20, 5 20-30,7 50, 9 1, ( 2. 5 ),,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 115
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, 14%, ;,,,,,,, ( ), 1-4 /,, 0. 01 /, 116
300-500 1, 1196 1, 100-200 1,,, 184 1, :, 9-10, p H 8,,,, 5-9, 15, 5ppm( ) 15ppm ( ),, :, 3 50% - 60%,,,,,,, ( ) 1.,,, 8 00-9 00, 2 00-3 00, 117
,,,,,,,,,,, 3-4, 2.,,,, 40, 48, 240 2. 5, 35, 2/ 3 : = 240 2/ 3 35 40 = 224000 = 240 1/ 3 2. 5 40 = 8000 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4 5,,, 25-30,,,, 118
6-9, 9, 27-30,,,,,,, 9,,,,,, 10,,,,,, ( ),,,,, :,, ( ), 25-35, 20-50 /,,,,,,,,,, : ;,,,,, 119
,, 100 /, : 20-100 / ;, ; ;,,,,,, ;,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 120
,,,,,,, ( ),,, :,, ;,,,, ;,, :, 1 ;,1-10 ;, 10 ( ) : 1. 121
, ( ), ( ),,,,,, 2., ;, ;, 3. 80% 1, 20,, 4, 4,,,, ( ),, ( > 4 ),,, 5, 122
,, ;, 4,,,,,,, 4., ;,,, ( ) 1., 500 /,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. p H 123
,,,, p H, ph 7-8 ( ) 1.,,, 66, 92, 83 1980, 487. 4 /, ( P/ B ) 1. 33, 119, 345. 3 /,, 1981 4. 77 /, 4. 86 / 2. : (1 ), ( 30-50 ), ( 5-6 ),,, 2 /, 1. 5 / (2 ) 10-25,, 2-5 /, 1. 5-3 / (3 ), ( 5-10 ),, 5 /, 3 /,, 124
, :, ( ),,,, P/ B ( ), : P/ B, P/ B 1-2 20-30 % ( 30-50 % ), 25-50%, 20-50 % :, 40-100, 6-10, 5, 40, 9-14, 5, ( 50% ), 125
,,,,,, 1.,,,,,, 2.,,,,, 1, 30-50,,, ( 10, ) 0. 2 2 3 3 3, ( ),,,,, 126
1.,,,,,,,,,,,, 70 %,, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7, 127
, 2. 13. 3 ( 4 ), 6. 6 (2 ),,, 13 50,,,, ( 1 2 ), 13.3 500-750, 3-4,, 2,, 1 2,,,,, 3.,, 128
, 4., 1,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, ;, 5.,,,,,,, 129
,,,,,,, 6.,,,,,, :,, ( ), :, ;,, ( ) 20 20, 50,, ;,, ; 200-500 /, 2000-3000 / 1. :,, 5 / ;,, ; 130
2-3, 2. 5, 0. 8 ;, 2., 5-10,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 10 % 3. (1 ) ( ) 5-10%,, 0. 5-1, 5 2 3 3 3,, 0. 62, 0. 74 (2 ), 9-10 ( ), ( ) 0. 6-1, 1, 3-4, 1. 5-2 ( ),,, 131
(3 ),,, (4 ) 10,, 3 3 3 4,,,,,, 20 (5 ),,,,,, (6 ) 33 2, 5-6,, 1,,, (7 ), 0. 5-1,,,,, 4.,,,,,, 5. (1 ),,, 132
,,,, 60%, 30%, 10%,,,, 40%, 50 %, 10% 40 %,, 10% (2 ) 1 2,, 28-34, 250-500 / ; 17-25, 50-200 / ; 13-16, 25-50 / ; 12-13, 20-30 / 5-8 ( ),, 1985 1. 26, 335. 4 /, 1948. 3 / ;,, 6. (1 ),, : W ( X - ( Y/ 100 + Z/ 40) ) W ( ) ; X ( ) ; Y ( ) ; 133
Z ( ),,,3-4,,, ; 5-9,,, ; 10,,, 2-4 /, 9 6,, 60 %,,, (2 ) 7-10,, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5-8,,,, 134
( ),,, 5% ;,, ; ; ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 135
, 1972-1984 6, 518, 4299.4, 50 358.3, 8. 6%, 11.3%, 75 % ( ),, : :,,,,, :,,, ;, ; ; 1. (1 ), ;, 136
,,,,,,, (2 ),, p H (3 ),, ;, ;,, 2. (1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,, 137
, ( ), ( ),,,, (3 ),,,,,,, 50 (4 ),, (5 ),,, 3. 50, 40,, :, 50,, 20,,, 138
( ),,,,,,,, 1979, 1981 655, 3200 ( 1987 ) 2. 12, 155,,,,, ( ),,,,, 132 ( 15 ), 76 ( 20. 5 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 139
, : ( ) :,,,,, 10, ( ) :,,, 20-30, 30-90,, ( ),,,, ( ), ( ),, 140
, ;,,,, :, 2/ 3,, ( ),,,, 1, 2-4 ( ),, ( ),, ( 25-32 ) 4 6 ( ), 1-3,, 1966 141
56 ( ),, 7-10 /,,, ( ),, : 1.,,, 2.,, 3.,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 142
( ),,, ( ) ( ), : 1.,, 2.,,,, 3.,,,,,, : ( ) ( ),, ( ) 143
( ),,, 1-1. 5,,,,,,,,, 100-200, 1-1. 5, 100 ( ),,,,, 90%, ( ) 144
,,,,, : 1. 4,1973 5 20, 6 3 64, 1974 5 ( ),,,,, 1.,, (1 ),,,, 2-10,,,,, 200, 1000 (2 ) 5-7, 3-5,,,,, 6-11, 3-4,,, 10, 1 1. 5-2, 1 1. 5, 1 2 1 3,, (3 ) 145
,, (4 ),,,, ( ), 10% - 20% ;, : 3-5, 30 8-12 /,, 3-5 13,,, 4000, 3 13 2500, 2 10-13 20, 1500-2000 /, 2. :, ;, 2 ;, ;, ;,,,,,,, 146
, 10 1. 5-2, 5-10 /, 3-5 ; 100-180, 2-3 ( 8000-15000 / ), 7 ; 7 800-900, 8-12 ( 2000-3000 / ), 13 3.,,, 90 %,,,,, " " ;, ( ) 1.,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 147
,,, 1 ( ),, 1. 5-2. 5 2. (1 ),,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, (3 ), (4 ), ( ) 3-4, (5 ), 10,,,,, (6 ), 0. 0011 /, ph 6. 5 (7 ),, 3.,,, 148
85% - 90 %, 10% - 15%,, 8 2-9 1 ;,, ( ) 13. 3, 50-100, ( ), 3. 5-6. 5 6-7 3. 5-6. 5 150-300 /, 13, 50-100,, 5-6 ( ), 6-8 : 30-90 /, 5-15 /, 100 /,, 4.,,,,,, (1 ),, 149
, : ( 0. 5-1. 0 ), 20, 500, 3,, 1/ 2, 48,,,, = 1 4,,,, = 1 1,,, (2 ) : = 1. 5-2. 5,, : 150
1ppm, 0. 25ppm, 2ppm 0. 5ppm 0. 5 /, 0. 1-0. 15 /,, 0. 02-0. 05 /, ( 8 ),, 0. 5-0. 7, ( ), 0. 3, 7-9 30-35, 4-6 10-11 35-45, 30 30-40, 30-35 (3 ), 2-3, 3-4 ( ) 10 ( ) 3-6, 4-6 ( ) 10 ( ) (, 1991 ) : 15-20,15-20 ; 20-25, 10-15 ; 25-32, 1 18-20,, 15 (4 ) ( ),,, 5,,, 151
, 1/ 5-1/ 4,,,, 500-1000,,,,, (5 ),,,,,, 6-9,,, 9-15,,,, (6 ),, :,, ( 3-4 ), 1,,, 1-2, 152
3. 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 10, 5 / 5., 1 7. 6,, 10-15 8-15,,, 6. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, : 153
0. 16-0. 26 (2 ), : 4500-7500 / : 5-6, 1,,, 3000-6000 /,,,,,,,, 3000-6000 /,,, 154