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46 19 1 The Collection and Collation of the Shang Shu at the Close of the Western Zhou Shuijin Cheng Abstract At the beginning of the Western Zhou dynasty, several great ministers, including Zhou Gong Dan ( ) and Shao Gong Shi ( ), deemed it important to draw lessons from the fall of the Yin dynasty. While the practice of using ancient history as a reference in the present faded with the passing of time and death of elder ministers, it was revived at the end of the Western Zhou due to a series of natural and man-made calamities. At that time, scholars began collecting and collating ancient historical documents that were relevant to the problems encountered in their own times. Therefore, many of the historical events collected in the Shang Shu closely correspond to the historical events that occurred during the reigns of Emperor Li ( ), Emperor Xuan ( ), Emperor You ( ) and Emperor Ping ( ) of the late Western Zhou. The ancient writings collected in the Shang Shu focused on three major themes: learning from history, the fickle nature of the mandate of heaven and the cultivation of virtue. Keywords: Shang shu; Western Zhou dynasty; Yin (Shang) dynasty; Zhou Gong Dan * Shuijin Cheng is an associate professor in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature at Wuhan University.