I
II
Abstract A Study on the Vegetation along Suao-Hualien Coast, Taroko Abstract This study lasts 9 months, from January 1, 2002 to September 30, 2002. The first stage of this study mainly devotes to collection of plants between Hojen and Chungte. As this fundamental task has been well down, we proceed to the Kanagan and Takiri cliffs which enables us to understand more about the characteristics of vegetation and difficulties in plant interpretation. Several distinctive vegetation features are noticed: 1. Steep cliffs of the Suao-Hualien coast result in separation of plants. 2. The narrowness and shallowness of the beach as well as over steep cliffs is the reason for rarity and even lack of coastal plants. 3. Sudden fall of mountain ridges to the sea level makes it difficult to distinguish the zone of vegetation. Only by comparing detailed differences of microtopography can the range of warm temperate board-leaved forests, subtropical board-leaved forests and tropical coastal secondary forests be recognized. 4. Plant species are very few on bare rocky cliffs. But construction of a road will create a narrow strip of land for species to grow and spread. The suggestions drawn from this study for the future management are as follows: 1. Build up a good plant interpretation system. 2. Improve present sites for interpretation. 3. Conserve and cultivate native plants in order to maintain the biodiversity of genes. 4. Make a detailed plan for recreation and education along Suao-Hualien Coast. III
I II III IV. VI.. VIII... 1... 1... 1... 9... 9...11... 14... 53... 53... 54... 63 IV... 68
... 73... 73... 75... 76... 81... 97... 97... 100... 108... 109...110...111...116... 121 V
1-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 2-15 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-19... 4 1... 16 2... 18 3... 20 4... 22 5... 24 6... 26 7... 28 8... 30 9... 32 10... 34 11... 35 12... 37 13... 38 14... 40 15... 42 16... 44 17... 46 18... 47 VI
2-20 2-21 2-22 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-2 4-1 5-1 19 24... 48 25 27... 49 28... 50... 64... 65... 66... 67... 75... 98 VII
2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 2-15 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-19.. 9 10. 12.... 13 15 1 17 2 19 3 21 4 23 5... 25 6... 27 7.. 29 8.. 31 9.. 33 11. 36 13 39 14 41 15 43 16 45 VIII
2-20 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-10 3-11 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6 5-7 28 51 56. 58. 59 61 62 28 70 28 70 28 71 28.. 71 28 72 28 72.. 101 102 103 104.. 105 106 107 IX
1874 1149m 15 0-1149 1895 1900 1
1901 1902 1902 2
1914 1914 Rochien 6 19174 25 5 14 B.Hayata S.Sasaki Gogon 1-1 3
1. Vaccinium formosanum Hayata Vaccinium wrightii Gray var. formosanum (Hayata) Li 1.5-2 1 10 2. Rosa pricei Hayata 7 1-2 0.6-0.8 2.5 3. Photinia daphniphylloides Hayata Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman 8-11 5 4. Quercus tarokoensis Hayata 4 2 5. Spiraea tarokoensis Hayata 2.5 2 6. Zelkova tarokoensis Hayata 2-3 1-1.5 250 100 5
7 Lithophytic vegetation 1. grape vegetation2. cliff vegetation 2. 750-2000
10 10 2-1 2-1 1. 2. 3. 4. 2-2 9
1. 2. 3. 4. 2-2 10
2 1148 375 7 2-3 450 7 2-4 2 3 1. 10 2. 3 3. 1 25 11
12 2-3
Libin N 2-4 13
28 2-5 14
1-7 15-24 28 8-14 25-27 2-5 15
1 FS 20M 80 0.5M 14 2-2 2-6 2-2 1 1 1 2002/5/5 20M 5M1.5M 0.5M 40 20 20 5 5 10 10 5 15 16
10M 17 2-6 1 0M
2 FS 50M 8M 70 1.5M 0.5M 15 2-3 7 2-3 2 2 2 2002/5/5 50M 8M 1.5M 0.5M 40 10 10 25 10 20 15 10 5 10 15 18
19 0M 2M 2-7 2
3 FS 100M 12M 80 3 1.5M 0.5M 21 2-4 2-8 2-4 3 3 3 2002/8/17 100M 12M 1.5M 0.5M 40 25 20 10 10 20 5 2 5 6 2 5 5 20
2-8 3 21 4M 0M
4 LS 130M 12M 80 1.5M 49 0.5M 20 2-5 2-9 2-5 4 4 4 2002/8/17 130M 12M 1.5M 0.5M 25 10 10 30 2 8 20 5 15 5 10 2 20 5 15 22
2-9 4 23 4M 0M
5 LS 160M 10M 70 1.5M 0.5M 25 2-6 2-10 2-6 5 5 5 2002/8/17 160M 10M 1.5M 0.5M 20 4 12 15 15 15 10 8 15 15 8 10 6 5 15 5 10 24
2-10 5 25 4M 0M
6 LS 210M 15M 75 1.5M 0.5M 14 2-7 2-11 2-7 6 6 6 2002/8/20 210M 15M 1.5M 0.5M 15 10 30 10 30 15 15 15 8 40 26
2-11 6 27 0M 4M
7 LS 270M 15M 80 1.5M 0.5M 18 2-8 2-12 2-8 7 7 7 2002/8/20 270M 15M 1.5M 0.5M 15 5 10 6 5 10 2 8 15 10 20 2 10 20 28
2-12 7 29 0M 2M
8 FS 70M 5M 57 2M 0.5M 18 2-9 2-13 2-9 8 1 8 2002/9/15 70M 5M 2M 1M 20 15 15 20 10 3 20 5 4 5 2 1 1 30
2-13 8 31 15M 0M
9 FS 70M 5M 66 2M 0.5M 24 2-10 2-14 2-10 9 2 9 2002/9/15 70M 5M 2M 0.5M 10 4 40 20 2 5 10 10 5 10 10 7 15 2 5 2 2 5 5 32
2-14 9 33 15M 0M
10 FS 100M 5M 44 1.5M 0.5M 20 2-11 2-11 10 3 10 2002/6/20 100M 5M 1.5M 0.5M 6 8 25 10 4 4 5 2 8 1 2 14 10 2 3 8 6 2 34
11 LS 200M 15M 68 3M 0.5M 20 2-12 15 2-12 11 4 11 2002/6/20 200M 15M 3M 0.5M 40 10 6 28 6 15 10 4 5 4 5 12 15 35
8M 36 0M 2-15 11 36
12 US 250M 10M 78 1.5M 0.5M 18 2-13 2-13 12 5 12 2002/6/20 250M 10M 1.5M 0.5M 8 8 15 10 20 20 10 25 5 10 8 5 37
13 2CS 300M 8M 82 1.5M 0.5M 30 2-14 2-16 2-14 13 6 13 2002/5/22 300M 8M 1.5M 0.5M 18 2 20 4 5 2 22 4 1 6 2 8 6 4 4 2 5 4 1 6 2 5 4 38
39 2-16 13 12M 0M
14 US 450M 8M 75 1.5M 0.5M 26 2-15 2-17 2-15 14 7 14 2002/5/22 450M 8M 1.5M 0.5M 25 10 5 15 5 10 10 10 15 8 5 5 15 2 10 15 40
41 2-17 14 20M 0M
15 2CS 270M 5M 46 1.5M 0.5M 23 2-16 2-18 2-16 15 1 15 2002/7/3 270M 5M 1.5M 0.5M 4 15 10 1 20 2 8 3 2 2 5 2 10 5 2 5 8 5 6 42
2-18 15 43 10M 0M
16 2CS 270M 5M 64 1.5M 0.5M 17 2-17 19 2-17 16 2 16 2002/7/3 270M 5M 1.5M 0.5M 17 2 30 12 2 10 11 6 10 4 5 4 5 4 1 6 44
2-19 16 45 10M 0M
17 2CS 270M 5M 30 1.5M 0.5M 32 2-18 2-18 17 3 17 2002/7/25 270 5M 1.5M 0.5M 5 4 30 3 4 8 12 2 4 10 2 4 5 6 2 8 5 5 2 4 12 5 2 4 46
18 2CS 270M 5M 44 1.5M 0.5M 25 2-19 2-19 18 4 18 2002/7/25 270 5 M 1.5 M 0.5 M 15 4 20 1 1 2 2 2 10 10 1 2 6 4 2 4 4 4 8 10 47
19 24 6 2CS 270M 150 100 100 2-20 2-20 19 24 5-10 19-24 2002/7/25 270M 19 20 21 22 23 24 5 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 4 4 4 2 2 4 3 1 2 2 5 2 8 4 10 10 12 8 8 2 4 2 2 2 48
25 27 3 FS 75M 1990 12 2-21 2-21 25 27 1-3 25-27 2002/9/6 75M 25 26 27 20 4 2 15 2 5 4 4 2 2 4 2 15 5 1 5 50 10 10 5 2 2 4 10 5 1 49
28 7.5M 5 M 5 M 1 0.3 M 60 6 2-22 2-20 2-22 28 1 28 2002/9/23 7.5M 0.3M 25 15 10 8 5 2 50
5 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 S 11 12 13 14 15 2 16 17 18 19 20 1 21 22 23 24 25 0 1 2 3 4 5M N 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5M 2-20 28 51
52
Kikuchi & Miura1991 1 2 53
54 1996 3-1 1. Crest slopecs 15 25 2. Crest flatcf 10 3. Upper slopeus Head hollowhh 30 5. Head flathf 6. Headmost wallhmw 50
7. Lower sideslopels 30 8. FootslopeFS 9. Channel waycw V (1) BottomlandBL FT (2) RiverbankRB (3) FloodFT 55
RB CS US HHLS FT FS 3-1 56
375 275 3-2 3-3 1. 375 30 2. 13001020 3. 375275 30 4. 325275 30 5. 6. 7. 275125 45 30 8. 125 5 45 9. 275 30 57
58 6 7 2 1 3 4 5 3-2 SCALE1/4000 58
375 350 325 300 275 7 250 6 225 200 5 4 3 175 150 125 100 75 59 SCALE1/3000 3-3 2 1 50 25 0 M
225 175 60 100 450 3-4 3-5 1. 300270 30 2. 17001400 3. 1000225 30 4. 250225 30 5. 6. 450250 40 7. 225200 50 30 225200 4 45 8. 100 5 30 9. 225 30 20 0 30 60
9 8 11 14 13 12 10 61 3-4 SCALE1/4000
500 62 475 14 450 425 400 375 13 350 325 300 12 275 250 225 11 200 175 150 10 125 100 9 8 75 50 25 0 M 3-5 SCALE1/3000
20 3 5 1000 1402 1148 2407 1273 450 375 900 300 250 27 3-1 1. 252627 2. 2a 310 2b 89 3. 3a 6 3b 7 63
4. 4a 18 4b 151617 4c 13 3-1 1 2 6 4 5 7 3 10 8 9 11 12 14 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 FS FS LS LS LS LS FS FS FS FS LS US US 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS FS FS FS 10 15 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 2 2 4 3 6 2 2 4 6 4 5 * 4 2 10 15 6 5 3 2 3 2 5 5 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 6 4 4 2 2 8 2 2 8 1 5 1 * 2 * 15 4 2 15 4 64
3-1 1 2 6 4 5 7 3 10 8 9 11 12 14 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 FS FS LS LS LS LS FS FS FS FS LS US US 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS FS FS FS 12 2 40 20 2 5 10 15 20 5 40 15 20 20 10 10 10 2 15 15 40 40 30 30 25 20 8 20 6 10 15 3 25 15 10 3 20 10 5 7 1 10 2 15 20 2 1 5 2 4 4 8 18 4 17 15 6 6 5 10 8 8 5 4 2 5 8 1 3 1 6 8 11 2 2 4 12 10 10 12 1 5 4 22 4 4 25 10 5 2 6 2 6 2 5 15 20 2 20 10 2 6 5 8 28 8 15 20 65
3-1 1 2 6 4 5 7 3 10 8 9 11 12 14 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 FS FS LS LS LS LS FS FS FS FS LS US US 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS 2CS FS FS FS 5 10 5 * * 10 10 10 25 15 15 25 15 15 6 10 15 10 15 5 5 8 * 10 15 10 5 8 15 10 5 4 2 5 10 5 10 8 2 5 5 15 8 4 8 6 10 10 10 5 5 2 4 2 1 2 20 * 5 4 5 4 4 20 4 5 1 4 2 2 14 10 5 5 5 * * * 2 8 5 5 4 1 10 2 8 6 2 2 20 2 5 * 5 2 8 4 66
67 3-2 3-2 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1. * 2.
Nakanishi & Fukumoto1987 4 Zone1 Salsola komarovii Zone2 Z2a Z2bZ2a Carex kobomugi Carex pumila Z2b Ischaemum anthephoroides Zone3 Vitex rotundifolia Rosa rugosa Z3a Z3bZ3a Z3b Zone4 Quercus dentata Pinus thunbergii 68
Zone1Zone2 Rosa wiehuriana Z2 a b Z1Z2 Z3 Z4 Z1Z2 Z3 Z4 69
1. 1-2 3-6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5M 3-6 28 2. 10-50 3-7 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 M 3-7 28 70
3. 3-8 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5M 3-8 28 4. 3-9 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 M 3-9 28 71
5. 7 3-10 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 M 3-10 28 6. 3-11 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 M 3-11 28 72
4 Laportea pterostigma Wedd. Flagellaria indica L. Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehd. Justicia quadrifaria (Nees) T. Anders. Quercus tarokoensis Hayata Margaritaria indica (Dalz.) Airy Shaw Xylosma congesta (Lour.) Merr. Liodendron formosanum (Kanehira & Sasaki) Keng Pseudosasa usawai (Hayata) Makino et Nemoto Salvia nipponica Miq. var. formosana Hayata Kudo Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl. Euscaphis japonica (Thunb.) Kanitz Ficus formosana Maxim. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Cerbera manghas L. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Pandanus odoratissimus L. f. var. sinensis (Warb.) Kanehira Neonauclea reticulata (Havil.) Merr. Scaevola sericea Vahl. 73
Juniperus formosana Hayata Carpinus kawakamii Hayata Distylium gracile Nakai Viburnum propinquum Hemsl. Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman Pittosporum illicioides Makino Rhaphiolepis impressivena Masamune Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet var. maki Sieb. & Zucc. Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. & Zucc. Bischofia javanica Blume Laportea pterostigma Wedd. Ficus benguetensis Merr. Diospyros eriantha Champ. Ex Benth. Sapindus mukorossii Gaertn. Liodendron formosanum (Kanehira & Sasaki) Keng Ficus microcarpa L. f. Ficus virgata Reinw. Ex Bl. Ehretia dicksonii Hance Rhus javanica L. var. roxburghiana (DC.) Rehd. & Wilson Ficus virgata Reinw. Ex Bl. Cassytha filiformis L. Arundo formosana Hack. Boehmeria densiflora Hook. & arn. Morus australis Poir. 74
4-1 1914 1917 750 260 1. 1. 2. 3. 3. 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 1. 2. 15 2. 3. 3. 4. 5. 5. 75
76 Ficus irisana Elmer Hemiboea bicornuta (Hayata) Ohwi Pilea funkikensis Hayata Bischofia javanica Blume Asplenium antiquum Makino Oreocnide pedunculata (Shirai) Masamune Ficus septica Burm. F. Ophiopogon formosanum Ohwi Arenga engleri Beccari Acorus gramineus Soland. Tectaria devexa (Kumze) Copel. Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Pellionia radicans (Sieb. & Zucc.) Wedd. Asplenium normale Don Asplenium wrightii Eaton Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne. Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott & Endi. Arundo formosana Hack. Arenga engleri Beccari Elatostema platyphylloides Shih & Yang Tricyrtis formosana Baker Acorus gramineus Soland. Boehmeria blinii Levl. var. podocarpa W. T. Wang Villebrunea pedunculata Shirai Elatostema edule Rob. Ctenitis eatoni (Bak.) Ching Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Titanotrichum oldhamii (Hemsl.) Solereder Osmunda banksiaefolia (Pr.) Kuhn Cyclosorus acuminatus (Houtt.) Nakai var. kuliangensis Ching Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne Asplenium antiquum Makino Machilus japonica Sieb. & Zucc. var. kusanoi (Hayata) Liao Turpinia ternata Nakai Lindera
megaphylla Hemsl. Ficus benguetensis Merr. Ficus variegata Blume var. garciae (Elmer) Corner Bischofia javanica Blume Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Ficus irisana Elm. Dioscorea matsudai Hayata Pothos chinensis (Raf.) Merr. Prunus zippeliana Miq. Cornus macrophylla Wall. Stachyurus himalaicus Hook. f. & Thomson ex Benth. Dodoneae viscosa (L.) Jacq. Dendrobium tosaense Makino Eria ovata Lindl. Dendrobium leptoclandum Hayata Bletilla formosana (Hayata) Schltr. Ficus vaccinioides Hemsl. & King Firmiana simplex (L.) W. F. Wight Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet var. maki Sieb. & Zucc. Breynia officinalis Hemsley var. officinalis Pistacia chinensis Bunge Rhaphiolepis impressivena Masamune Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Ficus wightiana Wall. Abelia ionandra Hayata Berchemia lineata (L.) DC. Glochidion rubrum Blume Sageretia thea (Osbeck) Johnst. var. taiwaniana (Masamune) Liu & Wang Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge Psychotria serpens L. Dioscorea japonica Thunb. var. seudojaponica (Hayata) Yamamoto Arundo formosana Hack. Gardneria shimadai Hayata Salvia arisanensis Hayata Senecio formosanus (Sasaki) Kitamura Smilax china L. Ventilago elegans Hemsl. Dendrobium leptoclandum Hayata Eria ovata Lindl. Viburnum propinquum Hemsl. Quercus tarokoensis Hayata Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman Distylium gracile Nakai Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. & Zucc. Fraxinus insularis Hemsl. Osmanthus matsumuranus Hayata Carpinus kawakamii Hayata Daphne kiusiana Miq. var. atrocaulis (Rehder) Maekawa Xylosma congesta (Lour.) Merr. Lonicera japonica Thunb. Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir. Juniperus formosana Hayata Selaginella stauntoniana Spring Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Ex Red. 77
Arundo formosana Hack. Debregeasia orientalis C. J. Chen Rosa taiwanensis Nakai Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Grewia rhombifolia Kanehira & Sasaki Glochidion rubrum Blume Xylosma congesta (Lour.) Merr. Beilschmiedia erythrophloia Hayata Diospyros eriantha Champ. Ex Benth. Ventilago elegans Hemsl. Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Ex Red. Quercus glauca Thunb.ex Murray Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet var. maki Sieb. & Zucc. Myrsine sequinii H. Lévl. Neolitsea variabilima (Hayata) Kanehira & Sasaki Acer hypoleucum Hayata Beilschmiedia erythrophloia Hayata Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Aspidistra attenuata Hayata Vanilla griffithii Reichb. F. Styrax suberifolia Hook. & Arn. Ardisia sieboldii Miq. Flagellaria indica L. Laportea pterostigma Wedd. Ficus tannoensis Hayata Ophiopogon formosanum Ohwi Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) Presl Justicia quadrifaria (Nees) T. Anders. Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Pittosporum illicioides Makino Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston Eurycorymbus cavaleriei (Levl.) Rehd. & Hand.-Mazz Ficus virgata Reinw. Ex Bl. Smilax bracteata Presl Ardisia crenata Sims Rubus swinhoei Hance Sapindus mukorossii Gaertn. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Litsea krukovii Kosterm. Pericampylus formosanus Diels Jasminum lanceolarium Roxb. Mallotus repandus (Willd.) Muell.- Arg. Trachelospermum gracilipes Hook. F. Arundo formosana Hack. Diospyros eriantha Champ. Ex Benth. Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz. Bridelia balansae Tutch. Adina racemosa (Sieb. & Zucc.) Miq. Ecdysanthera rosea Hook. 78
& Arn. Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms Liodendron formosanum (Kanehira & Sasaki) Keng Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth. Millettia reticulata Benth. Ficus microcarpa L. f. Trichoglottis luchuensis (Rolfe) Garay & Sweet Swida macrophylla (Wall. Ex Roxb.) Sojak Pteris fauriei Hieron Scaevola sericea Vahl. Ficus septica Burm. f.elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim. Pandanus odoratissimus L. f. var. sinensis (Warb.) Kanehira Arundo formosana Hack. Eupatorium luchuense Nakai var. kiirunense Kitamura Adiantum caudatum L. Morus australis Poir. Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell.-Arg. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L Herit. Ex Vent. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Rhus javanica L. var. roxburghiana (DC.) Rehd. & Willson Callicarpa formosana Rolfe Coriaria japonica A. Gray ssp. Intermedia (Matsum.) Huang & Huang Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont d. Cours.) G. Don. Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont d. Cours.) G. Don. Urena lobata L. Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb. Ricinus communis L. Buddleia asiatica Lour. Gonostegia matsudai (Yamamoto ) Yamamoto & Masamune Lantana camara L. Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke Crotalaria pallida Ait. var. obovata (G.Don) Polhill Cenchrus echinatus L. Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv. Passiflora foetida L. var. hispida (DC. Ex Triana & Planch.) Killip Paspalum orbiculare Forst. Macroptilium atropurpureus (Dc.) Urban Brachiaria mutica (Forsk.) Stapf Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. var. major (Nees) C. E. Hubb. ex Hubb. & Vaughan Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv. Cassytha filiformis L. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Panicum repens L. Aster subulatus Michaux Crassocephalum rabens (Juss. Ex Jacq.) S. Moore Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Ageratum conyzoides L. Borreria articularis (L. f.) F. N. Will. Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. Vandellia crustacea (L.) Benth. Humulus scandens 79
(Lour.) Merr. Erigeron canadensis L. Erechtites valerianaefolia (Wolf) DC. Oenothera laciniata J. Hill Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C. E. Hubbard Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Merremia hirta (L.) Merr. Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Alpinia intermedia Gagn. Solanum nigrum L. Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Bidens pilosa L. var. minor (Blume) Sherff Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. Clematis grata Wall. Amaranthus spinosus L. Pteris vittata L. Miscanthus sinensis Anderss var. glaber (Nakai) J. T. Lee Mimosa pudica L. Sonchus oleraceus L. Cyclosorus acuminatus (Houtt.) Nakai var. kuliangensis Ching Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth Heterosmilax japonica KunthSmilax bracteata Presl Miscanthus sinensis Anders. Orobanche coerulescens Stephan Crepidiastrum lanceolatum (Houtt.) Nakai 80
1.Machilus kusanoi Hay 8-12 2.5-4 0.8-1.2 2300 2. 20 4.5 2.5 3. Bischofia javanica Blume 8-16 4.Asplenium antiquum Makino 5. Oreocnide pedunculata (Shirai) Masamune 5-15 1.5-4.4 6. Ficus septica Burm. F. 15-25 8-13 7. Ficus benguetensis Merr. 10-25 10-15 8. Ophiopogon formosanum Ohwi 15-25 0.2-0.3 100-1700 81
9. 10. Pellionia radicans (Sieb. & Zucc.) Wedd. 11. Asplenium normale Don 12. Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne. 2 13. Asplenium wrightii Eaton 30-50 7-15 1-2.5 14. Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott & Endi. 100 50-100 15-45 15. Elatostema platyphylloides Shih & Yang 5-30 2-8.5 3 16. Tricyrtis formosana Bak. 8-13 2.5-3.5 82
6 6 3000 17.Acorus gramineus Soland. 80-100 2-3 18. Boehmeria blinii Levl. var. podocarpa W. T. Wang 6.5-24 2.5-9 0.5-1.2 19. Ctenitis eatoni (Bak.) Ching 30 30 20.Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston 30~50 21. Adiantum capillus-veneris L. 1 22.Titanotrichum oldhamii (Hemsl.) Solereder 20 2.6-3.7 0.8 23. Osmunda banksiaefolia (Pr.) Kuhn 83
24.Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. 2-4 30-50 15-30 7-13 2000 25. 6-12 3-6 3 5-6 0.8-1.2 26. 2-4 6-14 2-5 3-7 3 27. Pothos chinensis (Raf.) Merr. 0.5~1.5 5~8 1~2 28.Prunus zippeliana Miq. 8-15 4-5 2 29.Breynia officinalis Hemsley 1-3.5 0.5-2 30. 5-7 1.5-2 31.Ligustrum liukiuense Koidzumi 84
5-8 2.5-4.5 0.2-0.5 32. Ficus wightiana Wall. 2-4 3-7 10-20 4-6 33. 0.6-2 0.2-1.3 2-2.5 5 34. Berchemia formosana Schneider 2-6 1 3.5 35. Sageretia thea (Osbeck) Johnst. var. taiwaniana (Masamune) Liu & Wang 1-5 0.6-3 36. Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge 1-3 1-1.5 0.6 37. Salvia keitaoensis Hayata 300 1500 38. 2-3 1-1.5 39. 3-5 2 0.3-0.4 40.Pistacia chinensis Bunge 6 10 4 6 1.2 1.5 85
0.3-0.4 41.Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring 42. Dendrobium leptoclandum Hayata 20-25 0.3 5-10 0.3-0.5 43. Eria ovata Lindl. 2 4-5 10-20 2~5 1000 44. 4-9 2.5-3.5 45.Quercus tarokoensis Hayata 3-6 2 46. 9-15 2.5-5 0.5 47. Distylium gracile Nakai 2-3 1-2 1-2 1.8 2 48.Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. & Zucc. 9-19 86
49.Fraxinus insularis Hemsl. 3-7 50. 2 51. Carpinus kawakamii Hayata 1.3-1.8 52.Daphne kiusiana Miq. var. atrocaulis (Rehder) Maekawa 5-8 1.5-3 53. Xylosma congesta (Lour.) Merr. 2.5-4 1.5-4 54. Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir. 8-12 1.5-2.5 55. Juniperus formosana Hayata 2 0.2 3 3,000 56. Selaginella stauntoniana Spring 57. Ficus vaccinioides Hemsl. Ex King 0.6-3 0.4-1.5 87
58. Arundo formosana Hack. 15-30 1-1.5 20-30 0.6 3 59. ( ) 5-7 1.5-3.6 1-1.5 60.Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. 6-12 0.5-1.5 61. Grewia rhombifolia Kanehira & Sasaki 2.5-8 1.5-4 2-4 63.Quercus glauca Thunb.ex Murray 1/3 62.Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Ex Red. 80~100 40-50 3-5 6 2 1 1500 64. Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet var. maki Sieb. & Zucc. 6-9 0.3-0.7 65.Myrsine sequinii H. Lévl. 88
66. Neolitsea variabilima (Hayata) Kanehira & Sasaki 67.Acer hypoleucum Hayata 3 6-9 2-3 3 68. Beilschmiedia erythrophloia Hayata 69. Aspidistra attenuata Hayata 30-35 40-50 7-10 2-2.5 400-1800 70. Vanilla griffithii Reichb. F. 10-20 4-8 3 4 1200 71. Cinnamomum camphoral.presl 7-10 3-4 3 1500 72. Machilus thunbergii Sieb.& Zucc. 7-10 2.5-4 73.Syzygium buxifolium Hook. & Arn. 3 1 89
74. 8-12 1.5-4 2-3 75. Tetradium glabrifolium (Champ. Ex Benth.) T. Hartley 4-9 5 76. 10-20 3-6 0.8-1 77.Ctenitis subglandulosa (Hance) Ching 70 2 78.Bridelia insulana Hance 6 10 2.5-4 79. Ardisia cornudentata Mez 7-14 1.5-3.5 80. Ardisia japonica (Hornsted) Bl. 40 81. Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. 8-16 8-15 3-5 1000 90
82. 5-15 2-7 83. 3.5-5 1.5-2 1,000 84. 5-9 5-6 85. 7-10 2-3 86. 10-15 4-6 5 1-3 1500 87. 10-14 3.5-7.5 88. Trachelospermum gracilipes Hook. F. 7-10 2.5-3.5 5 2 10-20 89. Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms 6-11 5-8 3-5 91
91. 5 9 4 6 1 / 3 92.Neonauclea reticulata (Havil.) Merr. 93. Ficus microcarpa L. f. 94.Ficus variegata Bl. var. garciae (Elmer)Corner 3-8 10-20 5-10 95. Ilex asprella (Hook.& Arn.) Champ. 3-5 1.5-2 5 96.Scolopia oldhamii Hance 3-10 1-2 97. Cyathea lepifera (Hook.) Copel. 6 1800 98. Cyathea spinulosa Wall. Ex Hook. 6 92
1800 99. Swida macrophylla (Wall. Ex Roxb.) Sojak 8-12 3.5-4.5 100. Eurycorymbus cavaleriei (Levl.) Rehd. & Hand.-Mazz 5-10 8-12 3-4 101. Trichoglottis luchuensis (Rolfe) Garay & Sweet 100 10-25 2.5-3.5 2 102. Morus australis Poir. 3-5 6-15 6-9 103. Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell.-Arg. 10-26 1000 104. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L Her.ex Vent. 10-20 7-16 3-5 2 105. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit 3-10 5-20 0.6-1.2 0.15-0.5 93
94 12-18 10-20 106. Rhus javanica L. var. roxburghiana (DC.) Rehd. & Wilson 4-6 5 1200 107. Callicarpa formosana Rolfe 7-18 3-11 0.2-0.4 108. Cenchrus echinatus L. 30~60 0.4~0.7 109. Coriaria intermedia Matsum. 4-9 2-4 110. Passiflora foetida L. var. hispida (DC. Ex Triana & Planch.) Killip 5-9 5-7 111. Passiflora suberosa L. 3-6 4-7 112. Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. 3 20-50 1-2.5 15 0.5 113. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv. 15-50 3-8 0.5 1.5-3.5 0.3-0.5
114. 115. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene 1.5-5 0.8-2.3 116. Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. 3-7 117. Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C. E. Hubbard 120 0.5 1 118. Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Sch. Bip. 1-1.5 2 3 119. Pteris vittata L. 120. Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. var. glaber (Nakai) J. T. Lee 10 1 121. Hibiscus taiwanensis Hu 3-5 95
122.Smilax bracteata Presl 5-12 3-8 123. Heterosmilax japonica Kunth 6-14 3-7 124. Orobanche coerulescens Stephan 10-30 125. Davallia mariesii Moore ex Bak. 0.5-0.8 126. Asplenium pulcherrimum (Bak. ) Ching 30 127. Cyclosorus truncata (Poir.) Farw. 128. Justicia quadrifaria (Nees) T. Anders. 50 8-10 3-4 129. Vaccinium wrightii Gray var. formosanum (Hayata) H. L. Li 3-5 1.5-2.5 96
1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 97
2. (1) (2) 5-1 1987 4 19 5 10 6 21 7 11 --7 12 8 8 --8 9 9 19 10 10 11 3 11 29 12 13 2 21 13 (3) (4) 3. 98
99
5-1 5-2 3 1. 2. 3. 5-3 5-4 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5-5 5-6 5-7 8 1. 2. 4. 5. 3. 6. 7. 8. 3 1. 2. 3. 100
N 5-1 101
N 5-2 102
N 103 5-3
104 N 5-4
N 5-5 105
N 5-6 106
107 5-7 N
Bischofia javanica Blume Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne. Prunus zippeliana Miq. Rhaphiolepis impressivena Masamune Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Abelia ionandra Hayata Sageretia thea (Osbeck) Johnst. var. taiwaniana (Masamune) Liu & Wang Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge Viburnum propinquum Hemsl. Quercus tarokoensis Hayata Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman Distylium gracile Nakai Osmanthus matsumuranus Hayata Carpinus kawakamii Hayata Xylosma congesta (Lour.) Merr. Juniperus formosana Hayata Ficus vaccinioides Hemsl. Ex King Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Quercus glauca Thunb.ex Murray Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet var. maki Sieb. & Zucc. Pittosporum illicioides Makino Ardisia crenata Sims Liodendron formosanum (Kanehira & Sasaki) Keng Swida macrophylla (Wall. Ex Roxb.) Sojak Thuarea involuta (Forst.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehd. 108
Juniperus formosana Hayata Distylium gracile Nakai Justicia quadrifaria (Nees) T. Anders. Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehd. 3 109
111
112
2001.10.6 1050 20 1130 200 1400 15 5.5 113
2001.9.22 0910 5 110 0923 0934 165 10 210 1000 230 1024 gahol 240 10 gahol 100 1.2-1.5 9 0 15 35 40 45 55-65 70-75 1245 1257 1339 360 1347 114
3 20 1458 300 1.5 10 3 1555 200 130 115
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127
128
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132
274. Presl <V.+> 133