* 1 2 1 2 * 2009 75 Lockyer v. Andrade 123 S. Ct. 1166 2003 5 4 175
2013 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1957 1979 2 50 9 3 101 4 147 40 40 5 4 4 瑏瑠 6 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 瑏瑠 16 47 1 2 3 4 5 6 2004 1 27 1998 10 63-75 2004 15-24 2009 1 6 2001 6 1996 5 1994 4 1 2 2002 957 36 15 36 2012 6 26 360 1 176
35 7 63 瑏瑡 1 17 4 38 2 18 3 64 4 38 2 72 2 5 272 2000 3 15 2012 瑏瑢 legality legitimacy 瑏瑣 瑏瑡 瑏瑢 瑏瑣 59 2012 10 Legitimacy 1998 118 3 177
2013 1 1. constitutionality 瑏瑤 1957 1979 2002 4 12 2005 9 13 1954 1978 瑏瑥 1982 2000 8 5 54 78 9 10 1 1 1982 1 21 瑏瑦 9 瑏瑧 瑏瑨 瑏瑩 瑏瑤 瑏瑥 瑏瑦 瑏瑧 瑏瑨 瑏瑩 1996 1 296 2002 386 2001 6 2007 309 5 154 2012 195 2008 206 178
瑐瑠 9 2. 37 37 2 37 3 1 3 1 2 瑐瑡 瑐瑢 2 37 2 3. substantive due process 14 瑐瑣 瑐瑠 瑐瑡 瑐瑢 瑐瑣 1991 2004 12 13 2 3 2007 71 2005 8 13 179
2013 1 瑐瑤瑐瑥 9 2 11 3 瑐瑦 1 4 2 15 1 2 44 瑐瑤 瑐瑥 瑐瑦 103 2 2001 33 2004 52-53 2009 22 180
1. 2 2 2. 瑐瑧 9 9 5 1 4 9 5 瑐瑧 瑏瑥 181
2013 1 3. 9 2 18 6 3 瑐瑨 瑐瑩 2012 瑑瑠 6 瑑瑡 1978 瑐瑨 瑐瑩 瑑瑠 瑑瑡 2002 2 25 1 3 2003 3 2007 10 297 2008 490 6 2012 10 18 182
瑑瑢 1996 瑑瑣 1982 5 1991 瑑瑤 瑑瑥 8 9 瑑瑦 瑑瑧 1. 瑑瑨 瑑瑩 8 9 37 2 1 瑑瑢 瑑瑣 瑑瑤 瑑瑥 瑑瑦 瑑瑧 瑑瑨 瑑瑩 1990 6 2011 3 10 2008 4-5 http / /www. iolaw. org. cn /shownews. asp id = 29682 2012 6 1 2002 1 Verfassungsmaessigkeit 瑐瑤 980-2000 15 183
2013 1 2 64 3 瑒瑠 33 2 瑒瑡 2. Parens patriae police power 瑒瑢 46 2 瑒瑠 瑒瑡 瑒瑢 no excessive fines imposed U. S. v. Bajakajian 524 U. S. 321 1998 the Excessive Fines Clause See Norman Abrams and Sara Sun Beals Federal Criminal Law and Its Enforcement Thomson and West 2006 p. 919. 1999 12 716 2004 352 police power 184
28 瑒瑣 1 37 40 37 2 2 38 2 9 瑒瑤 3 272 129 瑒瑣 瑒瑤 38 4 185
2013 1 1. 17 4 38 10 8 9 瑒瑥 2. 64 64 1 64 12 64 2 64 281 瑒瑦 3 64 3. 瑒瑥 瑒瑦 17 2 2004 4 2012 1 186
瑒瑧 瑒瑨 1. 瑒瑩 瑓瑠 2. 瑓瑡 瑓瑢 1920 瑓瑣 personality 瑓瑤 5 瑒瑧 瑒瑨 瑒瑩 瑓瑠 瑓瑡 瑓瑢 瑓瑣 瑓瑤 2009 159 P. S. 1998 155 1998 60 1 1972 603 1996 270 1998 88 2011 3 187
2013 1 瑓瑥 瑓瑦 20 瑓瑧 1997 瑓瑨 Sexually Violent Predator Act 瑓瑩 proventive detention 瑔瑠 瑔瑡 3. Legitimitaet 瑔瑢 瑓瑥 瑓瑦 瑓瑧 瑓瑨 瑓瑩 瑔瑠 瑔瑡 瑔瑢 5 1 4 educational supervision 5 6 8 2004 275 1984 2 42 14071 Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act Megan Kanka personality disorder 1997 6 1984 1987 U. S v. Salemo Paul Robinson desert See Paul H. Robinson Punishing Dangerousness Cloaking Preventive Detention as Criminal Justice 114 HVLR. 1429. 2002 18 2003 586 188
1. 瑔瑣 瑔瑤 瑔瑥 瑔瑣 瑔瑤 瑔瑥 1996 5 2010 10 2003 1 303 2010 1 189
2013 1 2. 61 瑔瑦 瑔瑦 4 27 190
瑔瑧 Abstract In the context of the innovation of social management it is a serious theoretical and practical issue how to prevent crimes according to the principle of rule of law. The system of security measures is critical to the prevention of offenses. However current legal systems on security measures have many defects on legality and their legitimate ground is also doubted and critisized. The system of education through labor has a very serious problem of its legality which causes undue interference on individual's rights. To perfect such legal systems it should be considered to abolish the system of education through labor and then make all security measures be improved completely. According the principle of rule of law the laws on such measures should be improved by clarifying the legal position and the division of authorities and implement the priciples of necessity and propotionality. 瑔瑧 2005 52 191