2008 4 ( 23 ) () No. 4 2008 (Vol. 23) :,,, 1949 1977 1978 1990,,, 20 90,, 100084) : ; ; :,, (, :,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,2002, 370 :, :,1979, 27 31 95
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(),, 1899 1909 265,, 1912, 57, 1915, 1 242,,, 20,,,,,, 20, 1927,,,,,, 1947 1949,,,20,,, 1919, 1920 1923,,,,,,,,,,, (1896 ), (1898 ) (1902 ), (1916 ), (1919 ), (1922 ), (1932 ), (1946 ),,, gλυ,,,,,, 600,, gλϖ,, (1925 ) (1930 ) (1932 ) (1934 ) (1934 ) :, :,1995 :, :,1971, 90 148 :, :,1991, 55 ( ), :,1975, 117 : :, 1997 4 ;:, 2003 16 1 :, 2000 5 :,1927 1947, 2004 5 : 1911 1927 :, 2001 6 :, :,1994, 358 372 gλυ 20 20,,,,,,, (,1923 10 9, :, :,1996, 321 322 ) gλϖ :, :,1985, 33 98
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(),,, ;, ;,,,,,,,, 1922 1923 1925,,,,,,,,,,, 1921 9, 3, 6,, 1923, 1, 1924 12 1926 5, 18 62, 83,,,,,,,,1926 4, 38 000 1926 7 8, 1926 12, 130,, 1927 4, 518, :, 1994 4 :, 2001 23 :, 1994 2 ;:, 2001 3 ; :, 2005 1 ; Elizabeth J. Perry. S hanghai on S t rike : T he Politics of Chinese L abor, Chapter 2. :, 1998 2 ; :, 1999 2 ;: 20, 2003 5 :, 2002 1 ;:, 2003 11 :, 2005 1 :, 1996 5 ;:, 1997 5 ; :, 2002 1 :, 2002 5 ;:, 2004 4 100
: 1 : :, :,1985, 169 172,,, 1925 12, 2 000,, 1926 9 287 000 1927 3,, ;2 250, 1927 5 7,,,, 800, 915,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?, :, 2002 2 ;:, 2002 2 :, 170, ::, 2004 6, 5, 274, ::, 2004 6, 31 32 ::, 2004 6, 23 24 1924 7 1926 9, 772, 20, 1926 1927, 17, :, 1997 5 ;:, 2003 3 101
() 1926 1927,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 1927,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1928,1930, 1938,, 1938 33 000, 3 500,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, :,,,( ) gλυ,,1932 1933,,, :,1986, 6 :, 2005 1, 58 : :, 2005 1, 44 :, 2002 2, 75 76 :, 2001 3, 97 :, :,1998, 24 30 : (), :,1994, 86 497 : 20, 2003 5, 14 : 20, 2003 5, 14 15 gλυ :, 1996 4, 102 102
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(),1975 ( ),,, 90,,, 80,,,, 1988 1989,, 28,, 5,90 %, 73 %,57 %,20 %,,,,,, ( 1), 1990 4, 1 1 4 ( %) A.? 8 B. ()? C.? 14 D.? E.? 47 41 31 16 8 4 (B,C,D) 66 22 12, 1,,,,, (10 %), (12 %),,,,,,,,,,, 12 24 Tianjian Shi. Political Partici pation in Bei j ing, Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1997. 108
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