46 4 Vol.46, No.4 2015 7 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Jul., 2015 * 1, 2 1 1 1 1 1 1, 2 (1. 201306; 2. 201306),,, ( G1, G1), : (1), G1 36.89% 15.25%, G1 G1(P>0.05); G1 9 11 G1, 8 9 G1 ; G1, G1 (P<0.05); (2), G1, G1 ; (3) (3 6 ), 6 8 G1, 8 9 ; G1 6 7, 7 9 ; (4) G1,, G1 (P<0.05);, G1 10% ; ( 175g, 125g), (P>0.05), G1, G1, G1 ; ; ; ; S966 doi: 10.11693/hyhz20150100040 (Eriocheir sinensis), 20 80,,, 2012 714400t (, 2013),, (Sui et al, 2011;, 2013),,, ( : 60 100 g/, : 80 150 g/ ),, * 863, 2012AA10A409-5 ;, 14C26213201214 ;, 13231203504 ;, 2012-62 ;, 2014DFT30270 ;, CK2012-07, CK2015-21,, E-mail: he_0902@126.com :,, E-mail: yxcheng@shou.edu.cn : 2015-01-31, : 2015-03-19
4 : 809,, (Sui et al, 2011;, 2013), (, 2012;, 2013) 10, (, 2012;, 2013),,,, (Wu et al, 2011), 10 12,,, 10 12 (, 2008),,,,,,,,, (, 2002;, 2009;, 2011;, 2014),,, ; ( ), (He et al, 2014),, (G1),, 1 1.1 2010 11 12 (32 11 8.57 N, 119 50 1.44 E 32 06 35.80 N, 119 29 14.12 E), ;, 4hm 2 30000 2400 ( 8%),,, ( 1) 12, G1 ( G1) G1 ( G1) 5,, 7, [ G1 G1 (0.88±0.13)g (0.86±0.11)g (0.87±0.15)g] 表 1 野生选育 养殖选育及对照组参与繁殖亲本的数量及规格 Tab.1 The number and size of the adult E. sinensis which participate in the breeding ( ) (g) 722 208.3±15.4 1703 156.9±13.6 760 205.7±16.8 1656 152.9±14.6 704 150.3±11.3 1537 102.4±8.5 1.2 12,, 60m 2 ( =7.8m 7.8m),, =6m 4m 0.7m,,,, 25cm, 5000 ( ), 4,,,, 5: 30 ( ), 1% 6%,
810 46, 15d,,,,, 1.3 2012 2, 12 ( =35m 6m),, 30cm, 35cm 2, 2, 1.5m, 2m 3 20, [ (7.86± 2.15)g (7.39±1.90)g, (7.68±1.66)g (7.23±1.70)g, (7.41±1.69)g (7.25±1.85)g] 30mg/L 0.5h, 12, 4, 100,,, 12 C,, ; 6,, 1 2, 1.4 1.4.1 2011 7, 15, 150 200,,, ( 0.01 g), : WGR(%) = 100 (W t W (t 1) )/W (t 1) SGR(%) = 100 (lnw t lnw (t 1) )/D, W t t, W (t 1) t 1, D 11 15,,,, /( ) 1.4.2 2012 4 10, 20 30 40,,, 8 10,,, 6 ( ),, ( 0.01 g),, ( 0.001g), (Hepatosomatic index, HSI, %) (Gonadosomatic index, GSI, %): HSI(%)=W H /W 100% GSI(%)=W G /W 100%, W H, W G, W 10 20,,,, 1.4.3 He (2014),, 7 : 250g, 225 249.9g, 200 224.9g, 175 199.9g, 150 174.9g, 125 149.9g <125g; 5 : 150g, 125 149.9g, 100 124.9g <75g, 1.5 ± SPSS13.0, Levene,, T (Independent samples t-test), Sigmaplot10.0, P<0.05 2 2.1 2.1.1 G1 G1 1, 8, 9 G1, 9, G1 10 G1(P<0.05);, (WGR) ( 2), 8 9
4 : 811, G1, WGR (P>0.05); SGR WGR ( 3),, (7 11 ) SGR G1> > G1 4,, G1,, G1 (P<0.05);, G1 36.64% 35.35% 36.89%, G1 14.31% 14.06% 15.25%;, (11.95% 18.86%) (5.01% 7.75%), 2.1.2, 3 G1 G1 Fig.3 Mean monthly specific growth rate (SGR) of the first generation (G1) of selective-breeding based on wild and cultured E. sinensis populations during the juvenile culture stage 1 G1 G1 Fig.1 The changes of monthly body weight (WG) of the first generation (G1) of selective-breeding based on wild and cultured E. sinensis populations during the juvenile culture stage 2 G1 G1 Fig.2 Mean monthly weight gain (WGR) of the first generation (G1) of selective-breeding based on wild and cultured E. sinensis populations during the juvenile culture stage 4 G1 G1 Fig.4 The percentage of precocious of the first generation (G1) of selective-breeding based on wild and cultured E. sinensis populations during the juvenile culture stage ( 2, P>0.05);,, G1 G1 ( 3),, G1 11.48%, 12.47% 12.09%, G1 8.94% 8.05% 8.61%, G1, (P<0.05),, 3200kg/hm 2 ; : G1(1.96)> (1.83)> G1 (1.67), (P>0.05) 2.2 2.2.1 5,, 9, G1,, 9, G1
812 46 Tab.2 表 2 野选 G1 养选 G1 在扣蟹养殖阶段产出的正常扣蟹和早熟蟹的规格比较 Mean body weight of normal crab and precocious crab of the first generation (G1) of selective-breeding based on wild and cultured E. sinensis populations during the juvenile culture stage (g) G1 G1 5.34±0.43 5.09±0.40 5.00±0.51 4.95±0.23 4.85±0.16 4.89±0.26 5.15±0.28 4.97±0.17 4.96±0.24 21.32±1.98 20.00±1.67 20.06±1.95 19.70±0.96 19.79±1.68 18.76±1.27 20.51±1.14 19.90±1.16 19.44±1.39 表 3 野选 养选 G1 在扣蟹养殖阶段的成活率 产量和饲料系数的比较 Tab.3 Survival, yield and feed conversion rate (FCR) of the first generation (G1) of selective-breeding based on wild and cultured E. sinensis populations during the juvenile culture stage G1 G1 (%) 57.00±8.45 55.70±7.59 51.13±4.34 55.21±8.16 53.04±8.55 49.09±5.62 56.11±7.72 54.37±8.03 50.06±5.73 (kg/hm 2 ) 2251.80±324.45 a 2263.35±334.50 a 1852.80±92.15 b 897.45±193.65 a 1150.65±394.05 ab 1261.65±362.55 b 3149.10±475.20 3414.15±625.80 3084.60±513.30 1.96±0.40 1.67±0.56 1.83±0.72 Fig.5 5 G1 G1 The changes of monthly body weight of the first generation (G1) of selective-breeding based on wild and cultured E. sinensis populations during the adult culture stage, 10, G1 (P<0.05), G1 G1 ;, 8,, 9,, (P>0.05);,, G1 (P<0.05), G1 14.19% 10.56% 12.38%, G1 10.59% 10.11% 10.40%;, WGR ( 6), 9 10, 4%,
4 : 813, WGR 8 9, 8 9 G1 WGR (P<0.05); SGR WGR ( 7),, (3 10 ) SGR (P>0.05) 2.2.2 8, 8, 8 20, G1, G1, 9 20, G1 100%, G1, 92%,, G1, G1, ;,, ( 4),, G1, G1, G1, G1 ;,, 8 1%, 0.3%, 2.2.3 5,, 5% ( G1 14.21% 12.77% 12.27%; G1 9.64% 8.41% 9.30%),,, (P<0.05);, (P>0.05) 6 G1 G1 Fig.6 Mean monthly body weight gain rate (WGR) of the first generation (G1) of selective-breeding based on wild and cultured E. sinensis populations during the adult culture stage 7 G1 G1 Fig.7 Mean monthly specific growth rate (SGR) of the first generation (G1) of selective-breeding based on wild and cultured E. sinensis populations during the adult culture stage
814 46 Fig.8 8 G1 G1 8 9 The percentage of crabs that finished puberty molting during the August and September samplings of the first generation (G1) of selective-breeding based on wild and cultured E. sinensis populations during the adult culture stage Tab.4 表 4 野选 G1 养选 G1 在成蟹阶段肝胰腺指数及性腺指数的比较 (%) Mean monthly variation in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the first generation (G1) of selective-breeding based on wild and cultured E. sinensis populations during the adult culture stage (%) (. ) G1 G1 G1 G1 HSI(%) 08.25 9.28±1.83 8.98±1.11 9.27±1.56 9.82±0.27 9.60±0.41 9.63±1.03 09.25 8.67±0.83 8.05±0.77 8.61±0.79 9.18±0.90 9.04±0.91 9.10±0.85 10.25 7.42±0.79 6.77±0.84 7.20±0.93 7.42±0.79 7.07±1.11 7.29±0.96 GSI(%) 08.25 0.78±0.17 a 1.11±0.12 b 0.85±0.20 c 0.27±0.08 a 0.41±0.05 b 0.30±0.08 a 09.25 1.15±0.29 1.35±0.21 1.24±0.34 2.25±0.56 2.68±0.56 2.38±0.64 10.25 2.37±0.34 2.78±0.42 2.52±0.43 8.80±0.75 9.51±0.67 9.10±0.98 表 5 野选 G1 养选 G1 在成蟹养殖阶段的成活率 产量和饲料系数的比较 Tab.5 Survival, yield and feed conversion rate (FCR) of the first generation (G1) of selective-breeding based on wild and cultured E. sinensis populations during the adult culture stage G1 G1 (%) 50.00±5.35 48.00±3.37 43.78±3.65 51.75±4.99 49.75±4.11 45.89±3.48 50.33±4.01 49.00±3.67 44.83±3.54 (kg/hm 2 ) 454.95±49.95 a 446.55±57 a 365.55±43.95 b 312.45±35.55 298.05±40.05 253.95±33.45 767.55±81 a 745.05±57 a 619.5±48.45 b 2.87±0.32 2.89±0.37 2.92±0.45 2.2.4 G1 G1 (186.318±19.46)g (191.37±22.84)g (165.40±17.68)g; (122.45±15.73)g (121.62± 13.47)g (112.90±13.96)g 9,, 175 199.9g 150 174.9g, 125 149.9g 100 124.9g,, ( >175g, >125g) ;, (P>0.05) 3,,
4 : 815 Fig.9 9 G1 Harvest size distribution of different body weight ranges from the first generation (G1) of selective-breeding based on wild and cultured E. sinensis populations adult E. sinensis,,, (He et al, 2014),,,,,,,,, G1 36.89% 15.25%, 12.09% 8.61%,, 12.27% 9.30%, 12.38% 10.40%, G1, G1 ; 1, G1 6.64%(, 2013),,, (Portunus trituberculatus) 1 G1 2.91%, 8.66% (, 2013); (Litopenaeus vannamei) TSV(Taura syndrome virus) G1 21.2%, 18.4%(Argue et al, 2002),,,, ; (, 1999),,, G1 ( ),, G1,,,,,, (, 2009;, 2009;, 2011;, 2014) (Amano et al, 1995; Basavaraju et al, 2002; Begtashi et al, 2004),, (Navarro-Martin et al, 2011; Crespo et al, 2013),, 9, 3 4,, 15 35g,, (Wu et al, 2011);
816 46, 7 8, (8 9 ),,,,,,,,, (, 2002;, 2013) (, 2001) (He et al, 2014) ; (, 2001) (Li et al, 2011a) (, 2007) (, 2003; Wu et al, 2011) (Li et al, 2007) G1, G1,, (G0) (He et al, 2014),, ;,,, DNA (Navarro-Martin et al, 2011; Crespo et al, 2013), G1,, : (1),, (, 2001; Li et al, 2011b); (2), :,, G1,,,, (7 ) (10 ),,,, 2013.. :, 59 84,,, 2001.., 13(1): 57 62,,, 2002.., 24(18): 12 14,,, 2013. 1., 34(4): 43 47,,, 2009.., 36(2): 86 90,,, 2000.., 7(4): 104 107,,, 2012.., 2(1): 53 57,,, 2012.., 36(7): 1034 1041,,, 2011.., 13(5): 102 110,,, 2013. 1., 34(5): 51 57,,, 2009. 26., (5): 63, 65,,, 2001.., 20(5): 1 3,,, 2010.., 17(2): 236 242,,, 2002.., 26(4): 335 341,, 2002.. ( ), 4(1): 7 10,,, 2011.., 35(2): 197 202,,, 1999.., 26(2): 73 76,,, 2013.., 9(20): 39 45,, 2001.., 28(3): 106 111,,, 2001.., 31(4): 36 39,,, 2003.., 27(1): 57 61
4 : 817,,, 2004.., 31(6): 300 302,, 1999.. :, 191,,, 2010.,, 34(5): 1043 1048,,, 2009.., 31(1): 13 28,,, 2011.., 28(4): 733 734, 2014. QTL. :, 64 67,,, 2014.., 41(7): 1503 1504,,, 2007.., 14(2): 275 280 Amano M, Hyodo S, Kitamura S et al, 1995. Short photoperiod accelerates preoptic and ventral telencephalic salmon GnRH synthesis and precocious maturation in underyearling male masu salmon. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 99(1): 22 27 Argue B J, Aree S M, Lotz J M et al, 2002. Selective breeding of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) for grow th and resistance to Taura Syndrome Virus. Aquaculture, 204(3 4): 447 460 Basavaraju Y, Mair G C, Kumar H M M et al, 2002. An evaluation of triploidy as a potential solution to the problem of precocious sexual maturation in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, in Karnataka, India. Aquaculture, 204(3 4): 407 418 Begtashi I, Rodríguez L, Moles G et al, 2004. Long-term exposure to continuous light inhibits precocity in juvenile male European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.). I. Morphological aspects. Aquaculture, 241(1 4): 539 559 Crespo B, Gómez A, Mazón M J et al, 2013. Isolation and characterization of Ff1 and Gsdf family genes in European sea bass and identification of early gonadal markers of precocious puberty in males. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 191: 155 167 He J, Wu X G, Li J Y et al, 2014. Comparison of the culture performance and profitability of wild-caught and captive pond-reared Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) juveniles reared in grow-out ponds: Implications for seed selection and genetic selection programs. Aquaculture, 434: 48 56 Hetzel D J S, Crocos P J, Davis G P et al, 2000. Response to selection and heritability for growth in the Kuruma prawn, Penaeus japonicus. Aquaculture, 181(3 4): 215 223 Li X D, Dong S L, Lei Y Z et al, 2007. The effect of stocking density Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis on rice and seed yields in rice-crab culture systems. Aquaculture, 273(4): 487 493 Li X W, Li Z J, Liu J S et al, 2011a. Effects of light intensity on molting, growth, precocity, digestive enzyme activity, and chemical composition of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Aquaculture International, 19(2): 301 311 Li X, Li Z, Liu J et al, 2011b. Advances in precocity research of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Aquaculture Internation, 19(2): 251 267 Navarro-Martin L, Viñas J, Ribas L et al, 2011. DNA methylation of the gonadal aromatase (cyp19a) promoter is involved in temperature-dependent sex ratio shifts in the European sea bass. PLoS Genetics, 7(12): e1002447 Sui L Y, Wille M, Cheng Y X et al, 2011. Larviculture techniques of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Aquaculture, 315(1 2): 16 19 Wu X G, Wang Z K, Cheng Y X et al, 2011. Effects of dietary phospholipids and highly unsaturated fatty acids on the precocity, survival, growth and hepatic lipid composition of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne-Edwards). Aquaculture Research, 42(3): 457 468
818 46 CULTURE PERFORMANCE AND GONADAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRST GENERATION OF SELECTIVELY-BRED CHINESE MITTEN CRABS FROM WILD AND CULTURED POPULATIONS HE Jie 1, 2, WU Xu-Gan 1, LONG Xiao-Wen 1, LIU Qing 1, ZHAO Heng-Liang 1, JIANG Xiao-Dong 1, CHENG Yong-Xu 1, 2 (1. Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; 2. Aquatic Animal Breeding Center of Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China) Abstract To reduce precocious rate of the first year juveniles, to promote or delay the maturation time, and to increase the size of the second-year adults, we compared the culture performance and gonad development of the first generation (G1) in a mass selective-breeding program from wild and cultured populations (designated as WSB G1 and CSB G1). The control was not selectively-bred ones taken from another culture population. The experiment lasted two years from Nov. Dec. 2010 to Oct. 20, 2012. The results show that during the first year juvenile culture, the precocious rate of selectively-bred ones was 36.89% (WSB G1) and 15.25% (CSB G1), lower than that of the control treatment. The mean body weight of juveniles from Sep. to Nov. 2010 was similar in all treatments, while the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of WSB G1 adults from Aug. to Sep. 2011 were significantly lower than those of the other treatments. However, the production of juvenile crab of WSB G1 and CSB G1 was significantly higher than that of the control, and the production of precocious crab of the two populations were significantly lower than that of the control (P<0.05). In addition, during the second year culture for adult crab, the puberty molting and gonad maturation of WSB G1 appeared later than those of the control, but the CSB G1 started earlier than that of the control. Moreover, the body weights of all populations were similar during the early stage (Mar. to Jun.) of adult crab culture, the WGR and SGR of male WSB G1 were significantly lower than those of the other treatments during Jun. to Aug, but opposite during the Aug. to Sep., while the female WSB G1 had lower WGR and SGR during Jun. to Jul., but higher WGR and SGR during Jul to Sep. than the other two treatments. In harvest, the adult production of WSB G1 was significantly higher than the control, and the adult crab size of two populations in selective-breeding program was higher than the control. The weight of WSB G1 females was significantly greater those of the control (P<0.05). The percentage of large-sized adult crab (male crab>175g, female crab>125g) of two selectively-bred populations was higher than the control treatment (P>0.05). Therefore, the WSB G1 showed enhancement for having lower precocious rate in juvenile stage, faster growth rate in adult stage, larger size of adult crab and slightly delay of puberty moulting and gonadal maturation; and CSB G1 had improvement in the traits of lower feed coefficient rate in juvenile stage and slightly earlier puberty moulting and bigger size of adult crab than those of the control, the non-selective population. The two G1 populations shall have potential in further improvement in future selective-breeding programs. Key words Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis; mass selective-bred; first generation; culture performance; gonad development