The Meaning of Home to Older People NSC 91-2412-H-004-007-SSS 91 8 1 92 10 31
4 4 5 6 7 7 11 14 16 16 17 25 25 26 27 27 30 34 37 67 69 73 75 1
2-1 9 2-2 12 3-1 20 3-2 20 3-3 21 3-4 21 3-5 22 3-6 22 3-7 23 3-8 23 3-924 3-10 24 4-1 42 4-2 43 4-3 43 4-4 44 4-5 45 4-6 46 4-7 46 4-8 47 4-9 47 4-10 48 4-11 48 4-12 49 4-13 50 4-14 51 4-15 51 4-16 52 4-17 52 4-18 53 4-19 53 4-20 54 2
4-21 54 4-22 55 4-23 56 4-24 57 4-25 58 4-26 59 4-27 60 4-28 61 4-29 62 4-30 62 4-31 63 4-32 64 4-33 64 4-34 65 4-35 66 4-36 66 3
200110 192 8.62 2001 540 21.0 Aging in place 1998161 homelike Lawton1985451 1 housing and living environment home attachment Swenson1998 381 4
1994 1993 1996 2 1997 1996 3 4 5
6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Lewin2001360-361 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Hayward (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Rapoport199534 7
X Rapoport199527-29 Rapoport199530-31 place Lenz-Romeiss property Rapoport (1) (2) (3) Giuliani Rapoport199540 Rapoport199545 home place link home place Place 8
(1) (2) (3) Rubinstein (1) (2) (3) 2-1 2-1 1. The Social-Centered Process 2. The Person-Centered Process Accounting features Personalization Extension Embodiment 3. The Body-Centered Process Entexturing Environmental centralization Rubinstein, 1989, The Home Environments of Older People: A Description of the Psychosocial Processes Linking Person to Place. P.S47 9
Swenson1998 (1) (2) (3) Swenson Moloney1997 making a home being at home Moloney Fogel199216 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 10
the Experiential Perspective Gurney Means1993125-128 Experiential approach The Experiential Perspective 2-2 11
2-2 1. 2. 3. Gurney Means, 1993, The Meaning of Home in Later Life. P.126 12
A Phenomenological and Developmental Perspective Lewin2001365-366 a phenomenological and developmental perspective 13
Rapoport Hayward1975 personalization physical space attachment 1996305 Fogel199216 14
Rubinstein1989 Saunders1990 (1) (2) Gurney Means1993121-122 15
life world live experience intention bracket preperception 199614 construct categories typification object Holstein Gubrium 1994262-264 16
20 vs. 5 2000 Pp.14-15 6 17
7 ( ) Rotated Factor Loadings for Subjective Value of Home Scale 25 10 3 O Bryant1983 NSC 84-2413-H-002-010 18
Preferences for everyday Life Inventory(PELI) Individualization 12 10 Kane2000 10 92 7 21 22 24 19
34 27 6 21 22 33 26 10 16 38 21 16 9 7 56 20 15 6 9 40 108 84 31 53 37 20 19 10 9 53 30 22 5 17 23 25 18 5 13 28 28 21 10 11 48 103 80 30 50 38 20
39 28 10 18 36 31 23 10 13 43 20 17 8 9 47 29 26 3 23 12 119 94 31 63 33 34 29 10 19 34 24 22 10 12 45 16 13 7 6 54 35 30 10 20 33 109 94 37 57 39 21
20 8 8 0 100 20 11 10 1 91 20 15 8 7 53 18 11 7 4 64 78 45 33 12 73 13 11 6 5 55 4 2 2 0 100 23 20 10 10 50 16 14 10 4 71 56 47 28 19 60 22
11 10 10 0 100 28 28 10 18 36 21 18 10 8 56 12 11 10 1 91 72 67 40 27 60 18 18 10 8 56 12 11 10 1 91 11 11 10 1 91 10 10 9 1 90 51 50 39 11 78 23
17 12 10 2 83 18 12 10 2 83 19 14 10 4 71 20 14 10 4 71 74 52 40 12 77 20 16 10 6 63 7 7 5 2 71 20 18 6 12 33 19 15 10 5 67 66 56 31 25 55 24
25 54.4 45.6 6569 32.4 7074 29.1 7579 20.9 85 5.6 73.3 69.1 29.1 1.5 28.8 23.8 8.8 78.5 21.5 39.4 22.9 20.6 9.4 36.2 20.9 20.8 10.3 5.3 3,0015,000 18.8 5,00110,000 17.6 3,000 11.2 57.6 42.1 6.2 84.1 10.3 2.6
26 2.4 0.6 4-1 4-2 78.5 8.2 5.0 77.6 8.5 5.3 78.8 8.8 8.5 3.8 82.1 7.4 5.9 4.7 95.9 2.1 71.5 0.6 88.5 5.0 4.1 2.4 85.3 5.9 4.7 4.1 80.9 7.9 6.8
27 4.1 68.5 13.8 10.3 7.4 36.9 25.1 20.1 18.0 90.0 6.5 2.6 0.9 4-3 51.5 27.6 8.2 85.0 10.6 2.1 86.2 5.9 5.3 1.8 4-4 4-5 20.3 15.0 14.7 10.6 6.5 5.9 5.0 2.9
28 / 10.1 10.1 25.7 / 26.3 35.2 4.0 / 10.7 2.1 45.3 29 28 4-7 11.3 / 17.4 21.4 21.7 4-8 73.8 14.4 2.1 7.6 4-9 27.4 23.8 13.2 4-10 27.8 62.4 6.8 3.0 4-11 64.6 48.2 23.9 7.5 4.3 3.6 3.3 22.0 4-12 42.4 21.2 18.2 9.1 6.1 3.0
29 42.4 4-13 110 32.4 32.7 14.5 11.8 10.9 10.9 5.5 4.5 2.7 4-14 / 30.0 17.3 12.7 11.8 5.5 4.5 2.7 4-15 4-16 78.8 75.5 68.4 62.2 59.3 48.1 43.4 41.6 31.6 27.7 10.3 26.8 4-17 2.71 28.6 20.0 11.4 54.5 4-18 4-19 45.1 40.7 13.0
30.0 4-20 4-21 37.4 33.0 30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
4-1 65~69 70~74 110 99 32.4 29.1 32 78 9.4 22.9 75~79 80~84 85 71 41 19 20.9 12.0 5.6 100.0 134 39.4 5 1.5 70 20.6 3 0.9 5 1.5 185 155 54.4 45.6 13 3.8 100.0 100.0 266 78.2 35 10.3 10 50 2.9 14.7 123 8 36.2 2.4 14 4.1 100.0 71 20.9 18 5.3 235 69.1 7 2.1 99 29.1 5 1.5 71 20.8 1 0.3 7 2.1 100.0 100.0 98 28.8 3000 30 8.8 3001~5000 38 64 11.2 18.8 26 7.6 5001~10000 60 17.6 25 7.4 10001~15000 32 9.4 81 30 30 12 8 23.8 8.8 8.8 3.5 2.4 100.0 15001~20000 20001~30000 30001~50000 50001 18 34 27 11 21 35 5.3 10.0 7.9 3.3 6.2 10.3 100.0 267 73 78.5 21.5 100.0 176 51.8 143 42.1 21 6.2 100.0 286 84.1 35 10.3 8 2.4 9 2.6 42 2 0.6 100.0
4-2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 267 78.5 264 77.6 268 78.8 279 82.1 326 95.9 301 88.5 290 85.3 275 80.9 28 8.2 29 8.5 29 8.5 25 7.4 5 1.5 17 5.0 20 5.9 15 4.1 233 35 9. 68.5 10.3 10. 125 68 36.9 20.1 17 5.0 18 5.3 13 3.8 16 4.7 2 0.6 8 2.4 16 4.7 27 7.9 25 7.4 61 18.0 28 8.2 29 8.5 30 8.8 20 5.9 7 2.1 14 4.1 14 4.1 23 6.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 47 13.8 100.0 85 339 25.1 100.0 4-3 306 90.0 22 6.5 79 2.6 3 0.9 100.0 43
4-4 44
45 4-5 17 (5.0) 323 (95.0) 10 (2.9) 330 (97.1) 51 (15.0) 289 (85.0) 10 (2.9) 330 (97.1) 36 (10.6) 304 (89.4) 20 (5.9) 320 (94.1) 22 (6.5) 318 (93.5) 69 (20.3) 271 (79.7) 50 (14.7) 290 (85.3) 22 (6.5) 318 (93.5) 65 (19.1) 275 (80.9)
4-6 327 96.2 13 3.8 100.0 4-7 / / 33 10.1 33 10.1 84 25.7 86 26.3 115 35.2 13 4.0 35 10.7 7 2.1 148 45.3 29 8.9 294 89.9 294 89.9 243 74.3 241 73.7 212 64.8 314 96.0 292 89.3 320 97.9 179 54.7 298 91.1 327 100.0 327 100.0 327 100.0 327 100.0 327 100.0 327 100.0 327 100.0 327 100.0 327 100.0 327 100.0 46
4-8 37 290 327 11.3 88.7 100.0 / 57 270 327 17.4 82.6 100.0 70 257 327 21.4 78.6 100.0 71 256 327 21.7 78.3 100.0 8 319 327 2.4 97.6 100.0 4-9 251 73.8 2 0.6 7 2.1 49 14.4 5 1.5 26 7.6 100.0 47
4-10 81 23.8 40 11.8 45 13.2 2 0.6 93 27.4 34 10.0 16 4.7 29 8.5 100.0 4-11 94 27.8 211 62.4 23 6.8 10 3.0 338 100.0 48
4-12 23 (7.5) 13 (4.3) 11 (3.6) 10 (3.3) 10 (3.3) 73 (23.9) 147 (48.2) 197 (64.6) 67 (22.0) 282 (92.5) 292 (95.7) 294 (96.4) 295 (96.7) 295 (96.7) 232 (76.1) 158 (51.8) 108 (35.4) 238 (70.0) 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 49
50 4-13 14 (42.4) 19 (57.6) 33 33 33 33 33 2 (6.1) 31 (93.9) 33 3 (9.1) 30 (90.9) 33 33 33 33 33 6 (18.2) 27 (81.8) 33 33 33 33 33 7 (21.2) 26 (78.8) 33 1 (3.0) 32 (97.0) 33 1 (3.0) 32 (97.0) 33 14 (42.4) 19 (57.6) 33
4-14 36 32.7 6 5.5 12 10.9 13 11.8 16 14.5 12 10.9 3 2.7 5 4.5 7 6.4 110 100.0 4-15 33 30.0 6 5.5 19 17.3 14 12.7 13 11.8 13 11.8 3 2.7 5 4.5 4 3.6 110 100.0 51
4-16 232 107 339 (68.4) (31.6) 107 (31.6) 94 (27.7) 163 (48.1) 141 (41.6) 267 (78.8) 147 (43.4) 201 (59.3) 211 (62.2) 256 (75.5) 35 (10.3) 232 (68.4) 245 (72.3) 176 (51.9) 198 (58.4) 72 (21.2) 192 (56.6) 138 (40.7) 128 (37.8) 83 (24.5) 304 (89.7) 339 339 339 339 339 339 339 339 339 339 4-17 91 26.8 249 73.2 100.0 52
4-18 7 10 4 2 3 2 1 3 3 35 20.0 28.6 11.4 5.7 8.6 5.7 2.9 8.6 8.6 100.0 30 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 9 3 55 54.5 1.8 1.8 3.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 5.5 5.5 16.4 5.5 100.0 4-19 41 45.1 50 54.9 91 100.0 53
4-20 22 32 54 40.759.3100.0 54 54 100.0 100.0 1 53 54 1.998.1100.0 2 52 54 3.796.3100.0 7 47 54 13.087.0100.0 1 53 54 1.998.1100.0 2 52 54 3.796.3100.0 20 34 54 37.063.0100.0 12 28 40 30.070.0100.0 2 38 40 5.095.0100.0 7 33 40 17.582.5100.0 23 17 40 57.542.5100.0 4-21 34 37.4 30 33.0 27 29.7 91 100.0 54
55 4-22 9 (2.6) 50 (14.7) 24 (7.1) 111 (32.6) 146 (42.9) 80 (23.6) 173 (51.0) 32 (9.4) 41 (12.1) 13 (3.8) 339 3 (0.9) 18 (5.3) 34 (10.0) 178 (52.4) 107 (31.5) 33 (9.7) 104 (30.6) 95 (27.9) 82 (24.1) 26 (7.6) 6 (1.8) 54 (15.9) 65 (19.1) 164 (48.2) 51 (15.0) 1 (0.3) 10 (2.9) 23 (6.8) 182 (53.5) 124 (36.5) 7 (2.1) 56 (16.5) 36 (10.6) 131 (38.5) 110 (32.4) 4 (1.2) 11 (3.2) 202 (59.4) 123 (36.2) 10 (2.9) 37 (10.9) 15 (4.4) 176 (51.8) 102 (30.0) 4 (1.2) 45 (13.2) 83 (24.4) 157 (46.2) 51 (15.0)
56 4-23 9 (3.1) 10 (3.4) 24 (8.2) 102 (34.8) 148 (50.5) 293 2 (0.7) 28 (9.6) 69 (23.5) 139 (47.4) 55 (18.8) 293 127 (43.3) 88 (30.0) 29 (9.9) 34 (11.6) 15 (5.1) 293
57 4-24 1 (0.3) 12 (3.5) 18 (5.3) 145 (42.6) 164 (48.2) 2 (0.6) 10 (2.9) 15 (4.4) 165 (48.5) 148 (43.5) 50 (14.7) 167 (49.1) 87 (25.6) 30 (8.8) 6 (1.8) 5 (1.5) 46 (13.5) 75 (22.1) 145 (42.6) 69 (20.3) 4 (1.2) 45 (13.2) 32 (9.4) 182 (53.5) 77 (22.6) 71 (20.9) 139 (41.0) 34 (10.0) 75 (22.1) 20 (5.9) 339 8 (2.4) 73 (21.5) 72 (21.2) 149 (44.0) 37 (10.9) 339 5 (1.5) 15 (4.4) 33 (9.7) 207 (60.9) 80 (23.5) 5 (1.5) 51 (15.0) 60 (17.6) 157 (46.2) 67 (19.7) 6 (1.8) 19 (5.6) 21 (6.2) 197 (57.9) 97 (28.5) 12 (3.5) 68 (20.0) 89 (49.7) 127 (37.4) 44 (12.9)
20 8.7 26 11.3 9 3.9 8 3.5 12 5.2 17 7.4 6 2.6 11 4.8 4 1.7 8 3.5 5 2.2 16 7.0 11 4.8 12 5.2 14 6.1 5 2.2 5 2.2 2 0.9 1 0.4 2 0.9 3 1.3 2 0.9 3 1.3 7 3.0 2 0.9 2 0.9 2 0.9 12 5.2 3 1.3 230 100.0 58
59 4-26 208 (61.2) 132 (38.8) 154 (45.3) 186 (54.7) 147 (43.2) 193 (56.8) 143 (42.1) 197 (57.9) 153 (45.0) 187 (55.0) 76 (22.4) 264 (77.6) 79 (23.2) 260 (76.5) 62 (18.2) 278 (81.8) 113 (33.2) 227 (66.8) 21 (6.2) 319 (93.8) 102 (30.0) 238 (70.0) 177 (52.1) 163 (47.9) 41 (12.1) 299 (87.9) 23 (6.8) 317 (93.2)
60 4-27 31 (9.1) 309 (90.9) 20 (5.9) 320 (94.1) 6 (1.8) 334 (98.2) 6 (1.8) 334 (98.2) 19 (5.6) 321 (94.4) 18 (5.3) 322 (94.7) 12 (3.5) 328 (96.5) 22 (6.5) 318 (93.5) 18 (5.3) 322 (94.7) 10 (2.9) 330 (97.1) 20 (5.9) 320 (94.1) 13 (3.8) 327 (96.2) 42 (12.4) 298 (87.6) 221 (65.0) 119 (35.0)
61 4-28 100 29.4 138 40.6 102 30.0 100.0 121 35.6 133 39.1 86 25.3 100.0 13 3.8) 136 40.0) 191 56.2 100.0 61 17.9 125 36.8 154 45.3 100.0 165 48.5 83 24.4 92 27.1 100.0 39 11.5 66 19.4 235 69.1 100.0 43 12.6 60 17.6 237 69.7 100.0 29 8.5 50 14.7 261 76.8 100.0 112 32.9 181 53.2 47 13.8 100.0 29 8.5 58 17.1 253 74.4 100.0 140 41.2 96 28.2 104 30.6 100.0 14 4.1 3 0.9 323 95.0 100.0
4-29 233 68.5 63 18.5 39 11.5 5 1.5 100.0 4-30 9 2.6 120 35.3 84 24.7 45 13.2 81 23.8 1 0.3 100.0 62
63 4-31 11 3.2 329 96.8 100.0 2 0.6 6 1.8 19 5.8 302 91.8 329 100.0 200 58.8 140 41.2 100.0 17 12.1 17 12.1 8 5.7 98 70.0 140 100.0 76 22.4 264 77.6 100.0 130 49.2 52 19.7 17 6.4 65 24.6 264 100.0 300 88.2 40 11.8 100.0 19 47.5 9 22.5 4 10.0 8 20.0 40 100.0 38 11.2 302 88.8 100.0 52 17.2 59 19.5 34 11.3 157 52.0 302 100.0 168 49.4 172 50.6 100.0 8 4.7 13 7.6 10 5.8 141 82.0 172 100.0 282 82.9 58 17.1 100.0 3 5.2 3 5.2 52 89.7 58 100.0 271 79.7 69 20.3 100.0 18 26.1 10 14.5 3 4.3 38 55.1 69 100.0 131 38.5 209 61.5 100.0 31 14.9 31 14.9 15 7.2 131 63.0 208 100.0 279 82.1 61 17.9 100.0 29 47.5 8 13.1 6 9.8 18 29.5 61 100.0 314 92.4 26 7.6 100.0 1 3.8 5 19.2 3 11.5 17 65.4 26 100.0
64 4-32 243 (71.5) 97 28.5 19 (19.6) 9 (9.3) 36 (37.1) 33 (34.0) 97 204 (60.0) 136 (40.0) 20 (14.7) 21 (15.4) 39 (28.7) 56 (41.2) 136 272 (80.0) 68 (20.0) 16 (23.5) 15 (22.1) 27 (39.7) 10 (14.7) 68 4-33 26 7.6 314 92.4 100.0 42 12.4 298 87.6 100.0 39 11.5 301 88.5 100.0 22 6.5 318 93.5 100.0 36 10.6 304 89.4 100.0 28 8.2 312 91.8 100.0 16 4.7 324 95.3 100.0 43 12.6 297 87.4 100.0
65 4-34 32 9.4 308 90.6 100.0 32 100.0 32 100.0 16 50.0 16 50.0 32 100.0 32 100.0 32 100.0 31 96.9 1 3.1 32 100.0 31 96.9 1 3.1 32 100.0 29 90.6 3 9.4 32 100.0 17 53.1 15 46.9 32 100.0
4-35 12 3.526.8 91 16.8 57 42.9 146 10.0 34 100.0 34 10.039.8 135 20.9 71 24.8 84 4.4 15 100.0 339 6 1.815.0 51 15.3 52 51.9 176 15.9 54 100.0 339 6 1.810.4 35 16.3 55 51.8 175 19.8 67 100.0 338 41 12.129.3 99 24.3 82 31.7 107 2.7 9 100.0 338 61 18.035.1 119 14.7 50 26.8 91 5.3 18 100.0 339 90 26.551.3 174 12.4 42 8.8 30 0.9 3 100.0 339 11 3.218.9 64 15.6 53 47.5 161 14.7 50 100.0 339 108 31.947.8 162 7.7 26 10.3 35 2.4 8 100.0 339 44 13.035.7 121 11.2 38 29.8 101 10.3 35 100.0 339 4-36 37 10.946.5 158 15.3 52 22.4 76 5.0 17 100.0 60 17.650.9 173 15.9 54 12.4 42 3.2 11 100.0 50 14.735.6 121 22.1 75 22.4 76 5.3 18 100.0 21 6.223.6 80 25.1 85 37.8 128 7.4 25 100.0 339 66
67 1. 7880828589 2. 3. 4. 1996 84 1997 5. 1 1997 7(1)150-165 2 1993 797-110 3 1990 5(1)41-56 6. 88
55 20 10 68
www.cepd.gov.tw 87 140 2000 2001 42310 1996 84 1999 1998 1996 1995 1990 5(1)41-56 1993 797-110 1995 1996 6300-352 69
1994 1994 231-34 1993 17163-179 1997 1997 7(1)150-165 1996 Fogel, Barry S. 1992 Psychological Aspects of Staying at Home. Generations 16(2): 15-19. Gurney, Craig and Robin Means 1993 The Meaning of Home in Later Life. Pp.119-131, in Ageing, Independence and The Life Course edited by Sara Arber and Maria Evandrow. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Holstein, James A. and Jaber F. Gubrium 1994 Phenomenology, Ethnomethodology, and Interpretive Practice. Pp.262-272, in Handbook of Qualitative Research edited by Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln. Thousand Oaks: Sage. 70
Lawton, M. Powell 1985 Housing and Living Environments of Older People. Pp.450-478, in Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences edited by Robert H. Binstock and Ethel Shanas. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. Lewin, Fereshteh Ahmadi 2001 The Meaning of Home among Elderly Immigrants: Directions for Future Research and Theoretical Development. Housing Studies 16(3): 353-370. Moloney, Margaret F. 1997 The Meanings of Home in the Stories of Older Women. Western Journal of Nursing Research 19(2): 166-176. Rapoport, Amos 1995 A Critical Look at the Concept Home. Pp25-52, in The Home: Words, Interpretations, Meanings, and Environments edited by David N. Benjamin, David Stea and David Saile. Aldershot: Avebury. Rubinstein, Robert L. 1989 The Home Environments of Older People: A Description of the Psychosocial Processes Linking Person to Place. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 44(2): S45-53. Swenson, Melinda M. 1998 The Meaning of Home to Five Elderly Women. Health Care for Women International 19(5): 381-393. O Bryant, Shirley L. 1983 The Subjective Value of Home to Older Homeowners Journal of Housing for the Elderly 1(1): 29-43. 71
72 Kane, Rosalie A. 2000 Chapter 8 Values and Preferences Pp.237-257, in Assessing Older Persons Measure, Meaning, and Practical Applications edited by Robert L. Kane and Rosalie A. Kane. New York: Oxford University Press.
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81 B13a. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. B13b. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
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