從聖約觀念縱觀香港經濟發展 李適清 covenant concept contract 1 1 Jean Lee, The Two Pillars of the Market: A Paradigm for Dialogue between Theology and Economics (Bern: Peter Lang, 2011), 69 115
52 2012.7 ( 一 ) 社群關係及家庭結構 2 3 2 Lau Siu Kai and Kuan Hsin Chi, The Ethos of the Hong Kong Chinese (Hong Kong: Chinese Univ. Press, 1989), 41. 3 1985 157 72
53 4 4 160 61 166 69 173 91
54 2012.7 rationalistic traditionalism 5 1996 1.3 3.35 6 5 2004 61 64 6 2000 155
55 70 7 8 7 239 40 8 239 43
56 2012.7 ( 二 ) 香港經濟及市場交易的發展
57 9 50 10 70 80 11 9 1995 47 49 10 75 93 11 Lau Siu Kai, Society and Politics in Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Chinese Univ. Press, 1982), 5 9.
58 2012.7
59 12 13 14 12 128 13 449 64 14 212
60 2012.7 15 16 17 2010 GDP 3 18 15 218 19 16 90 91 17 150 53 18 2010 203
61 19 20 ( 三 ) 聖約觀念與合約方式的平衡與應用 1. 兩種觀念 covenantpactcontract 21 19 205 15 20 154 55 21 Robin W. Lovin Equality and Covenant Theology, Journal of Law and Religion 2 (1984): 241 62
62 2012.7 James B. Torrance 22 H. Richard Niebuhr 23 24 22 James B. Torrance, The Covenant Concept in Scottish Theology and Politics and Its Legacy, Scottish Journal of Theology 34 (1981): 228 29. 23 H. Richard Niebuhr, The Idea of Covenant and American Democracy, Church History 23 (1954): 134. Contract always implies limited, covenant unlimited commitment; contract is entered into for the sake of mutual advantages; covenant implies the presence of a cause to which all advantages may need to be sacrificed. The tendency of the covenant idea to degenerate to the limited contract idea is evident in all the later religious and social history. 24 Lee, Two Pillars of the Market, 124 42
63 圖一 : 合約與聖約觀念的對比 合約 聖約 0.53 25 124 26 25 0.53 2001 1996 0.434 United Nation Centre for Human Settlements (UN-HABITAT), State of the World s Cities 2010/2011: Bridging the Urban Divide (London: Earthscan, 2008), 73 74; United Nation Centre for Human Settlements (UN-HABITAT) and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), The State of Asian s Cities 2010/2011: Bridging the Urban Divide (Fukuoka: UN-
64 2012.7 26 2. 形式及限期 HABITAT, 2010), 118 19 26 Lee, Two Pillars of the Market, 119 68
65 27 Eric Jr. Mount 28 27 128 29 28 Eric Jr. Mount, Covenant, Community and the Common Good: An Interpretation of Christian Ethics (Cleveland: Pilgrim, 1999), 21. Contracts tend to be minimal, short term, and presumptive of little or no
66 2012.7 David G. Bromley Bruce C. Busching 29 community bonding. Covenants presuppose community, lasting commitment to the other s total well-being, and the assumption of obligations to each other and to shared values that change one s life. 29 David G. Bromley and Bruce C. Busching, Understanding the Structure of Contractual and Covenantal Social Relations: Implications for the Sociology of Religion, Sociological Analysis 49 (1988): 16. Contractual social relations are those in which individuals coordinate their behavior through pledging themselves to specific reciprocal activity. Thus, contracts are articulated through a logic of calculative involvement and individual interest; covenants are articulated through a logic of moral involvement and unity.
67 3. 結構及動機
68 2012.7 organic
69
70 2012.7 4. 經濟參與者之間的關係
71 5. 權威基礎與道德價值
72 2012.7
73 ( 四 ) 前面的路 Tim Jackson GDP 30 2003 30 Tim Jackson 2011 70 75
74 2012.7 paradigm shift 31 31 2003 23 29
75 32 32 34 38 117 21