科技英文 Ch.13 形容詞的比較級 ( 李家同教授原著 ) Lecturer: Shi-Huang Chen Fall 2007 1 13.0 比較級簡介 如果我們要翻譯 他比較老, 我們不能說 * He is more old. 而一定要說 He is older. 為什麼呢? 這是因為英文裡面的形容詞有所謂的比較級規則 在下一節, 我們講一些最基本的規則 2 1
13.1 最基本的規則 首先, 我們要說明英文形容詞有三個等級 : 原級 比較級和最高級 最基本的規則是根據音節的多少來分的 一般來說, 單音節的形容詞在字後面加 er, 就變成了比較級, 加 est 就變成了最高級 而雙音節, 或雙音節以上的形容詞, 比較級是在字前面加 more, 最高級則是在字前面加 most 3 13.1 最基本的規則 舉例來說,old, smart, strong, weak, high, low 等等都是單音節的形容詞, 他們的變化如下 : 4 原級 比較級 最高級 old older oldest smart smarter smartest strong stronger strongest weak weaker weakest high higher highest low lower lowest 2
13.1 最基本的規則 以下的例子都有關雙音節的形容詞 : 原級比較級最高級 5 difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious beautiful more beautiful most beautiful correct more correct most correct stupid more stupid most stupid significant more significant most significant 13.1 最基本的規則 有一個規則必須注意, 我們不能將 more 和 er 混在一齊用, 以下的例子都是錯的 : * He is more older than I. * He is more taller than his brother. 正確的句子是 : He is older than I. He is taller than his brother. 6 3
練習六十二 寫出以下形容詞的比較級 : 1. small Ans: smaller 2. slow Ans: slower 3. intelligent Ans: more intelligent 4. expensive Ans: more expensive 5. tall Ans: Taller 7 13.2 特殊的比較級規則 (1) 單音節形容詞的字是 e, 就直接加 r 或 st: 原級 比較級 最高級 large larger largest late later latest nice nicer nicest wise wiser wisest 8 4
13.2 特殊的比較級規則 (2) 形容詞的字尾是 y, 而前一個子母是一個子音, 則除掉 y, 加上 ier, 或 iest: 9 原級 比較級 最高級 lucky luckier luckiest happy happier happiest pretty prettier prettiest dry drier driest easy easier easiest 13.2 特殊的比較級規則 單音節形容詞的字尾是子音, 前一音是一個母音, 則字尾必須重複一次, 再加 er 或 est: 原級比較級最高級 fat fatter fattest hot hotter hottest wet wetter wettest big bigger biggest 10 5
13.2 特殊的比較級規則 (4) 完全不規則的變化 : 英文中, 有幾個特殊的字, 他們的比較級完全沒有規則, 以下是一些例子 : 原級比較級最高級 11 good well better best bad worse worst many much more most 練習六十三 寫下以下形容詞的比較級 : 1. Cute Ans: Cute 2. Wide Ans: Wider 3. Early Ans: Earlier 4. Happy Ans: Happier 5. Heavy Ans: Heavier 12 6
13.3 比較形的用法 13 大多數比較級句子裡會有 than, 以下是一些例子 : I am older than he. His English is better than mine. San Francisco is more beautiful than New York. His car is cheaper than your car. He is the most diligent student in his class. I like apples more than oranges. He has more money than his brother. He is stronger than his brother. 13.3 比較形的用法 必須注意的是以下的句子是錯的 : * I am older than him. * She is smarter than me. 為什麼錯了呢? 因為原來句子應該是 : I am older than he (is). She is more smart than I (am). 習慣上的 is 和 am 都省略掉的, 由以上的解釋可以看出,than 後面的句詞應該是主詞, 而非受詞 14 7
13.3 比較形的用法 以下的錯誤, 也請特別注意 : * My head is larger than your. 正確的句子是 : My head is larger than your head. 或者 My head is larger than yours. 15 13.3 比較形的用法 請看以下幾個錯誤的句子 : * My house is larger than your. * The temperature of this city is higher than San Francisco. * The height of Himalayas is greater than Mt. Fuji. * My bicycle is older than his. 16 8
13.3 比較形的用法 17 正確的句子應該是 : My house is larger than your house. 或者 My house is larger than yours. The temperature of this city is higher than the temperature of San Francisco. 或者 The Temperature of this city is higher than that of San Francisco. The height of Himalayas is greater than the height of Mt. Fuji. 或者 The height of Himalayas is greater than that of Mt. Fuji. 13.3 比較形的用法 請注意以下的例子, 句子中沒有 than, 但仍有比較級 : Among all the teachers who have taught me, he is the best. This is the best movie I have ever seen. This food is the worst one which I have ever eaten. John is the stronger one. Do we have a better choice? Mary is the more diligent one. 18 9
13.3 比較形的用法 He is the older of the two. He is one of the best movie actors. This area is one of the hottest areas in the world. He is one of the fastest swimmers of America. This is a book which I like most. 19 練習六十四 改錯 : 1. *He is more old than I. Ans: He is older than I. 5. *His house is older than my. Ans: His house is older than my house. 10. *He is the more bad one. Ans:He is the worse one. 20 10
練習六十五 將下列句子譯成英文句子 : 1. 你比他強壯 Ans: You are stronger than he 5. 這支筆比你的貴得多 Ans: The price of this pen is more expensive than that of your pen. 10. 在我遇到的人中, 他是最高的 Ans: Among the people who I have met, he is the tallest. 21 練習六十六 填充 : 1. He is older (old)than John. 5. This place is hotter (hot)than San Francisco. 10. Mary is one of most beautiful (beautiful) student in her class. 15. He has more (many)students than I. 22 11