Abstract Som e m a2question s can be an sw ered w ith (du ) ( righ t ) w hereas o thers can no ṫ W hether o r no t a m a2question can be an sw ered w ith (du ) is related to the cred ib ility deg ree of the quest ion. T ho se w ith a h igh cred ib ility deg ree can be an sw ered w ith (du ) ; tho se w ith a m ediate credib ility degree can no t be an sw ered w ith (du ) ; som e m a2question s w ith a low credib ility degree can be an sw ered w ith (du ) w hereas o thers can no ṫ T he credib ility degree of m a2question s is determ ined by such facto rs as the po sition of focu s, po larity and m arkedness of the p redicate, con tex t and common sen se. p ragm atic facto rs. E ssen tially the credib ility degree of m a2question s is determ ined by 1, ( ), (1990: 180),,,,?(1990) :,,, (1993) : ( ),,,??,,??,,,,, yes,??, 2 2. 1 (1968: 356), 13
50%, ( (1) ) ( (2) ) : (1) a., :? ( :,! ) b.,? ( : ) (2) a.? ( : ) c. b.,? ( : ),, :? ( : ) (1986) : 0 ( ) 1g4 ( 1g4) 1g2 ( 1g2) 3g4 ( 3g4) 1 ( 1) (credib ility degree, C), : 0 C 1 0 1, (1986), : A. : C = 1,, : (3),, :,! ( :,! ),,,, (3)? ) B. : C 0. 75,, (1) C. : C 0. 5,, (2) D. : C 0. 25,, : (4) a.,?? ( : ) b.,? ( E. : C = 0,,, : (5) a. :,,? ( : ) b.,? (: ), 0. 5, 1 ; 0. 5, 0. 5 : 0 0. 25 0. 5 0. 75 1,, : (6) a.? b.?, ( ) ( ), : (7) a.? b.? 1 14
, 2. 2 0 1,,, (1), : (8) a.? ( : ) b.?,,? ( : ), (2), : (9) a.,,? ( ) b.? (: ) c.? (: ),, (4) a, : (10) a.,? ( : ) b.,? (: ) c.,,? (: ) d. :,,,,? :, :? :? : : ( ),,, (10) a b c, ( ),, (10) d, (4) b, : (11) a.,!!? ( : ) b.,,? ( : ) c.,,,,!? (: ) d.,? ( : ) e., :? ( :,! ),, 3,, 15
? 3. 1 3. 1. 1, ( ) (, 1995),, :,, ;,,,,,, (12) ;,,, (13) : (12) a. b. (13) a. b.,, (14) : (14) a. (?) b.,,, (12) a ( ), (12) b (13),,,, (14) a, (14) b 3. 1. 2,,,, : (15) a.? b.? c.,? ( : ) d.? (16) a.?? b.? c.,?? ( :,! ) ) d.,?,? ( :,,,, : 16
(17) a.? b.? c.?,,,,,, (15) b (16),,,, ( ) :????,,, 3. 1. 3?,,,,,,,,?,,,, 3. 2,, : (18) a.,? b. :?,,,?, ( : ) c. :,,,?,? : ( ), : (19) a. :?? :, ( : ) b.,??? ( ) c.,,,!, 17
?, ( : ) d.,? ( : )?, 3. 3 : (20) a.? b.? (21) a.? b.? (22) a.? b.? (23) a.? (20) - b.? (23) a,, b, a b, a, b, a, b,, ( ),,,??,??,,,, :,,,, () ( ) 3. 4, ( ),,,,, :?,,,,,,,?,,,,,, : 18
(24),??,?,, ( ),, (25),, )?, :,? ( :,, (26)!??! (,, 27 ),,?,?,,,, : (27),,!,,,? ( : ),,,???,,????,,,,,,??,,?,,,,,,?,,,, 3. 1, 3. 5,, ( ),, : (28) :,,?,,,?,, :? :, 19
:,? :? ( ) (29)? (30)?, ( )?,, : (31),? ( ( ) ) 4 4. 1,,,,,,, 4. 2,,,,,, : (32) :,? :,,,, (33)?!,,,! (: ),,, : (34),,,? (: ) (35) a.,,? ( : ) b.,,? ( : ) 4. 3,,,,,,,,,, : 20
+ - () + - () ( )???? 2 (),,,,, ; (),,,, (),,, ; (),,,, ( ), 4. 4,,,? : (1) (1948: 41) :, (2), (1993),?!,,,,?,,, ( (10) a2c) :,,, 21
,???,,???!,,?,,,,, (1985): :,,, :, (1982):,,, (1983: 501-502):,,, (1989),,, :, 389-402 (1961), : (1995), 4, 279-288 (1986), 2, 131-135 (1990),,, :, 179-188 (1998), : (1985), 2, 91-98 (1998), 4, 243-252 (1983), : (1987),,, :, 117-138 (1985), 4 (1992),,, :, 403-425 (1996), : (1990), 2 (1985),,, :, 130-145, 1985 2 (1993) :, 2, 81-92 (1993), 2, 103-111 22
(1948),, :, 1955 (1968),, :, 1979 (1982), : :, :, 1992 :, : :, :, 1996 :, :, 1996 :, :, 1992 :, :, 1993,,,,, 1962, 1999,, 19 1999 11 6, 19,, 719 261, ; 93, 6 3 23