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22 Nubar Ismail National Urabi Society National Party Jamal ad-din al-afghani al-afghani Ismail National 23 Project Rivers of Reform Wilson Ismail Rivers Wilson 24 Ismail Nubar Riad Pasha Sharif Pasha Ismail Ismail Ismail Tawfiq 25 23 Vatikiotis. History of Modern Egypt. P. 138. 24 Vatikiotis. History of Modern Egypt. P. 137-139. 25 Vatikiotis. History of Modern Egypt. P. 140-141.
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31 Muhammad Abduh Muhammad Abduh al-afghani Muhammad Abduh 1 Abduh Abduh Asharite Mutazilite
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40 Abduh Nationalist Party 76 77 Urabi Abduh temporarieness Abduh Abduh 4 Abduh Abduh Abduh 76 Abduh Charles Islam and Modernism in Egypt. Adams. Pp.53-55. 77 Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform. P.139.
41 78 Abduh Abduh 79 Abduh 80 vs. A 78 Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform. P.140 79 Abduh obedience in sin) Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform. P.149 80 Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform. P.141-142.
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43 Rashid Rida Rashid Rida al-afghani Abduh Rashid Rida Abduh al-manar Abduh al-afghani Rashid Rida Rashid Rida 85 1 Rashid Rida Pan-Arabism Ottomanism 86 Abdul-Hamid 87 Rashid Rida al-afghani 85 Olivier Roy. Failure of Political Islam. trans. by Carol Volk. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1994. P.34. 86 1882 Urabi Marsot al-lufti al-sayyid. Egypt and Cromer. P.20. 87 Rashid Rida Mahmoud Haddad. Arab Religious Nationalism in the Colonial Era Journal of American Oriental Society. 117(2), 1993. p.256.
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50 Rashid Rida 104 105 Malcom Kerr 106 Rashid Rida ( adala) ( ilm) (ra y wa hikma) (self-sufficient fact) 107 104 Taftazani Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform, p.161-162. 105 Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform, p.162. 106 Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform, p.162. Rashid Rida 107 31-32 Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform, p.163.
51 Kerr mujtahid 108 109 Malcom Kerr Rashid Rida (ra is) 110 Rashid Rida Muhammad Abduh 108 Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform, p.165. 109 Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform, p.177 110 Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform, p.164.
52 Rashid Rida Rashid Rida 111 kufr Rashid Rida 1 2 112 Rashid Rida Ali Abd ar-raziq 113 Rida 114 Malcom Kerr 111 Rashid Rida Mahmoud Haddad. Arab Religious Nationalism in the Colonial Era.p.271. 112 Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform, p.168-170. 113 Rashid Rida al-raziq Abu Bakr Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform, p.179. 114 Malcolm Kerr. Islamic Reform, p.177-178.
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