ft1.doc.doc

Title A social study of the international settlement and the French concession in Shanghai in the late Qing period (1843-1912) Author(s) Wong, Yung-lung, Churchill.; 王容龍. Citation Issued Date 2003 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/30360 Rights The author retains all proprietary rights, (such as patent rights) and the right to use in future works.

356 1842 1

2003 8 2

1 2 3 4 (1267 ) 5 (1277 ) 3

6 7 114,300 532,800 8 9 10 11 12 (1684 ) (1685 ) 4

13 1843 1842 8 29 (Cornwallis) 13 1843 10 8 14 (George Balfour) 1843 11 17 5

1845 12 9 830 1848 15 11 27 2,800 (Caleb Cushing) 1844 7 13 1846 (Wolcott) (William Jones Boone) 1845 6

1848 8 (Remi Montigny) 20 1849 4 6 986 1860 1900 1,112 1914 8,000 1851 1 16 1853 9 7 17 18 19 1854 20 1862 5 (Concession Francaise) 1863 1899 (The International Settlement of Shanghai) 7

1853 1843 1845 21 22 1854 23 8

24 251845 26 1854 27 1860 ( ) 28 1860 9

29 30 1860 31 32 33 34 : 35 : 36 10

: 37 38 1860 39 40 : 41 1858 : 11

42 1862 8,500 6,000 23 43 1865 1,360 1,450 400 44 1908 1909 20 45 1870 70 57 64 46 1854 1871-1873 1/5 1840 1856 1857 47 12

48 13

1. 1983 2. 3. 4. (1512) 5. 5, 6. 1966-67 7. 5 8. 9. 1981 10. 11. 1989, 66. 12. 14

13. 14. 15. 1848 3 8 70 16. 1850 17. 2002 38 18. 19. 20. 15

500 10 500 50 1200 21. 1998 167 22. 1998 267 23. 1998 173 24. 1998 173 25. 1989 26. 1998 167 27. 1998 173 28. 1971 65 66 29. 1865 30. 2001 16

31. : 1980 90 141 32. 1990 57 33. 1960 738 10 34. 1996 71 35. 1871 12 5 36. 1989 10 37. 1996 2 38. 1996 3 39. Ernest O.Hauser: (1842-1937) ( ) 1974 45 40. : 1990 259 1847 (BANK OF WESTERN INDIA) (ORIENTAL BANKING CORPORATION) 1851 (COMMERCIAL BANK OF INDIA) 1853 (AGRA AND UNITED SERVICE BANK, LTD) 1857 (CHARTERED MERCANTILE BANK OF INDIA, LONDON & CHINA) 17

1858 (CHARTERED BANK OF INDIA, AUSTRALIA & CHINA) 41. Ernest O.Hauser: (1842-1937) ( ) 1974 61 62 42. : ( ) 1990 92 43. : 1998 11 44. Ernest O.Hauser: (1842-1937) ( ) 1974 60 45. : 1990 23 46. : 1990 123 47. : 1998 48. 2001 18

1842 1850 1860 1 (Tylor) 2 19

(Kluckhohn) (Kelly) 3 (J.Ford) 4 (Behaviour pattern) (Value orientation) 5 6 7 20

8 (Wilbert E.Moore) 9. 10 21

11 12 13 14 (Social characteristics)15 (Labelling)16 17. 22

18 19 20 23

21 24

22 23 25

24. 25 26

26 27 27

28 (Melvin Seeman) 29 28

30 31 32 33 (1860 ) 29

34. 35 1. 30

36 (Pidgin-Portuguese) 37 38 39 31

2. 1886 ( ) 1903 ( ) 32

40 1886 41 3. 33

42 43 34

4. 44 45 46 35

47 48 49 50 51 52 36

. 53 54 55 56 57 37

58 59 1. (1553 ) 60 38

61 62 63 64 39

65 66 67 40

68 69 2. a. 1865 70 71 41

72 1882 73 74 75 76 77 42

78 b. 1868 79 80 43

81 82 83 1881 1882 1883 c. 1880 1876 44

1882 84 85 1900 86 1907 1908 3300 87 1911 45

8872 8369 88 d. 1876 7 3 12 1 89 150 46

90 1877 91 1877 10 92 47

93 94 ( ) 95 48

1. 2002 5 56 70 2. 1966 31 3. 1966 32 4. 1966 41 5. 1982 76 6. 1983 7 49

7. 1983 8 8. 1981 166 9. 1983 6 10. 1982 61 11. 1982 82 12. 1996 28 13. 1982 62 (ascribed status) (achieved status) 14. 15. 1982 292 50

16. 1982 291 17. 1996 28 18. 1996 30 19. 1998 597-598 20. 1992 565 21. 123 1899 4 16 22. 1989 212-213 23. 1987 236 24. 1893 1 25. 1982 59 26. 1987 236 27. 1887 2 10 51

28. 1902 7 27 29. 1983 56 30. 1879 9 21 31. 2000 406 32. 2002 485-488 33. 1882 4 4 34. --- 1998 35. 1982 79-80 36. 2001 197-198 37. (1825-1844) 1993 44-47 Man Today ( : Market ) 38. 2001 201 (husband) (Ladies) (Teacher) 39. 1883 10 25 52

40. 2002 208 41. 1894 3 16 42. 1986 1987 43. 2001 77-78 44. 1989 16 45. 104 1986 408 46. 2001 19 47. 91 1986 53-54 48. 1898 4 24 49. 1894 3 16 50. 5 1999 495-496 51. 2002 69 52. 2001 45 53. 54. 1956 53

55. 1985 294 56. 541 57. (1880 ) 5 58. (1880 ) 5 59. 1989 206 60. : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 61. 62. 2001 216 54

63. 64. 1989 4-5 65. ( ) 66. 1981 21 67. 1872 11 8 68. ( ) 69. ( ) 70. 1989 16 71. 1874 10 16 72. 1989 207 73. 1880 74. 1986 6038 75. 1882 11 7 76. 1961 346 55

77. 1989 146 78. 1961 346 79. 80. 1886 9 81. 1874 12 21 82. 1989 208 83. 1985 546 84. 1924 85. 1881 12 5 86. 16 1986 4473 87. 2002 143 88. 2002 236 56

89. 1876 7 2 90. 1876 7 10 91 1877 9 18 92. 1877 9 17 93. 1877 10 27 94. 1990 904 95. 1990 905-906 57

1 2 3 58

: : : 59

: 4 60

1874 1883 1897 ( ) 61

5 1901 6 7 62

(Deviant Culture) 8 9 10 63

(1669 ) (1740 ) 80-90% 11 12 13 (1757 ) (Bengal) 1773 14 (1729 ) 200 (1773 ) 1,200 (1820 ) 4,770 (1839 ) 50,000 15 64

16 17 65

18 (Deviant habits)19 71%20 21 22 23 66

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 24 25 26 67

(Social Disorganization Perspective) (Social Disorganization) (Personal Disorganization) ( ) 27 1853 1860 28 : 68

1872 29 (norms and values) (Tonnies) (Natural Will) (Gemeinschaft) (Rational Will) (Gesellschaft)30 (Anomie)31 32 33 34 69

(Melvin Seeman) 35 1. 1984 162 70

2. Earl Rubington and Martin S. Weinberg, The Study of Social Problems:Five Perspectives. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1981), page 4: Sociology deals with social relations, Most social problems arise in the course of, or as a result of, social relations. : 1988 8 3. Earl Rubington and Martin S. Weinberg, The Study of Social Problems:Five Perspectives..(New York: Oxford University Press, 1981), page 4: Sociologists usually consider a social problem to be an alleged situation that is incompatible with the values of a significant number of people who agree that action is needed to alter the situation : 1988 8 4. 5. 1899 10 6. 1905 3 7. 1909 3 8. 1982 276 71

9. 10. : 1973 11. 1955 12. 1966 (a self-sufficient system) 13. 1930-1937 14. : 1978 27 15. : 1978 27 16. 1989 17. 2001 198 72

18. 1989 19. 1982 275 20. 2000 355 21. 1997 139 22. 1990 29 23. 1872 22 24. 1990 32-33 25. 1989 90 73

26. 1978 138 27. Earl Rubington and Martin S. Weinberg, The Study of Social Problems:Five Perspectives.(New York: Oxford University Press, 1981). : 1988 81-82 (rules) (normlessness) (culture conflict) (breakdown) 28. 1997 244 29. 700 1991 212-213 30. 1982 441 (Gemeinschaft) (Natural Will) a. b. c. (1) ( ) (2) ( ) (3) ( ) (Gesellschaft) (Rational Will) a. b. c. (1) (2) (3) 31. 1986 90-91 (Anomie) (Emile Durkheim) 74

32. 1982 285 33. 1982 275 1. (Deviant acts) 2. (Deviant habits) ( ) 3. (Deviant psychologies) 4. (Deviant culture) 34. 1982 283 35. 1986 527 75

(Psychological Crowd) (Collective Mind) 1 (Collective Behaviour) 2 ( ) 76

3 (1849) (1874) 4 : 5 6-77

( ) 7 ( ) 1856 (Consular Court) 8 1853 1864 (Harry Smith Parkes) 1868 78

(Mixed Court) 1864 9 ( ) ( ) 10 1895 11 ( ) ( B.TWYMAN) : : 79

( ) 12 ( ) 13 ( ) 14 15 80

16 17 18 : 19 (Emotional and Social Contagion) 20 81

21 M.Percebois 22 23 24 (Casual Crowd)25 (Acting Crowd)26 82

27 28 (Neil J.Smelser) (Value Added Theory) 29 (Social Structure) 30 1865 55,925 16,586 879 83

59,662 17,455 1905 ( ) 452,716 96,132 31 32 (Karl.Marx) (Horizontal Mobility) (Vertical Mobility) 33 (Robert K. Merton) 84

(Social Norm) (Deviant Behavior) 34 35 (Frustrated Social Concerns)36 37 : 38 85

(Social Control) 39 40 41 86

42 43 (A Sense of Disorientation)44 45 1. : 1982 245 2. 1986 481 87

3. 1998 296 4. 1874 5 5 5. ( ) 129 6. 1998 297 7. 1962 42 8. 9. : 1928 30 10. : 1993 39 11. 1932 45 12. 1905 12 10 13. 2002 54 14. 1985 180 15. 1985 180 88

16. 1905 12 10 17. : 1982 248 18. 1986 482 19. 1874 5 5 20. : 1982 256 21. 1874 5 26 22. ( ) 129-130 23. 1905 12 10 24. 1905 12 19 25. Blumer Herbert: Collect Behavior, in Alfred McLung Lee ed, New Outline of the Principles of Sociology, N.Y.:Barness & Noble,1951, pp.165-220. :1 (Casual Crowd);2. (Conventional Crowd);3. (Expressive Crowd); 4. (Acting Crowd) 26. 27. ( ) 220 89

28. 1986 484 29. Smelser, No; Theory of Collective Behavior. N.Y.;Free Press.1963 30. : 1982 55 31. 1979 6 8 32. ( ) 33. : 1982 188 34. 1986 198 35. 1988 181 36. : 1982 250 37. 1905 12 10 90

38. 1874 5 5 39. 1986 488 40. 1998 297 41. 1874 5 5 42. 1905 12 19 43. ( ) 220 44. : 1982 250 45. : 1982 251 91

1842 92

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