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23 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 38 1978 39 2243 40 1485 41 2820 42 2530 43 347 259 44 1896 45 2226 46 351 263 47 2491 48 8-9

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31 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 150 1849-50 151 2196 152 1978 153 3081 154 2085 155 542 156 2537 157 3072 158 3079-80 159 554 160 2310

32 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 161 1412 162 11 163 347 164 48 165 648 166 1034 167 1035 168 201 169 278 170 533 171 939 172 1266 173 1804

33 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 174 1542 175 1583 176 1671 177 1746 178 1769-70 179 1983 180 2636 181 1 1971 182 1984 183 2422 184 2176

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53 1. 2. 2829 1928 1929 1946 1 2 192730 1 1931~3 5 2 90 67, 23

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90 92 93 1. 2. 92 280-282 135 93 2002 158

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94

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96 1675-1733 1 2 3 4 5 1 41 1977 1a 2 1993 2001 3 2004 245-281 4 24 5 2003.6

97 6 1567-1631 7 6 1994 514-544 7 1295 7 19b

98 8 婣 9 1501 1435-1508 10 11 12 1536-1618 13 8 1997 222 9 郄 26 9 26b 10 1254 4b 11 58 12 51993.12 197 13 4 1b-3a

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100 21 1366-1430 22 1425 23 24 25 26 27 28 1644 21 2 1 22 1240 6 4b 23 5b 24 61b 25 2 40 26 1990 1 69-71 2 25 27 122 1 7 28 7 1995 1250

101 29 勑 勑 勑 30 31 29 339 1965 21 1991 30 2 41a 31 1323 5 24

102 1771-1833 32 1791-1846 33 34 35 36 37 32 1968 27 48b 42 1986 33 479-480 34 480 35 42 1986 204-205 Susan Mann, Precious RecordsWomen in China s Long Eighteenth CenturyStanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997, pp.101-105. 36 76 8 13 37

103 38 1506-1571 39 40 1365-1444 氷 41 42 1582-1644 43 44 45 38 1514-1570 1978 23 2b 39 85 10 139a 40 1238 62 21b 41 22a 42 7 1986 1291 9b 43 1390 58 9b 44 4 1986 1291 20b 45 4 43 46b

104 46 47 48 49 46 13 58 206b 47 122 1 5b-6a 48 1 7 49 422 1978 27a

105 50 51 52 葢 决 廹 53 50 117 1997 43 19b 51 1984.5 11b 52 19b 53 5 11b-12a

106 54 55 56 1696-1771 58... 54 4 8a 55 4 8b 56 37 1992 13 15 57 1998 508 14022 58 1742 1b William T. Rowe, Women and Family in Mid-Ching Social Thought: The Case of Chen Hung-mou, 1992 504-539 Saving the World : Chen Hongmou and Elite Consciousness in Eighteenth-century ChinaStanford, CA.: Stanford University Press, 2001, pp.426-429

107 59 60 61 62 63 64 1435-1504 65 59 3a 60 4 25b 61 4 26a 62 4 7b 63 4 8a-8b 64 1965 17 49 65 1255 69 4

108 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 66 1983 8 67 William T. Rowe, Saving the World : Chen Hongmou and Elite Consciousness in Eighteenth-century ChinaStanford, CA.: Stanford University Press, 2001, p.428. 68 2001 176-179 69 67 5 12b-13a 70 1027 71 5 26b 72 9 26

109 73 74 75 76 77 78 73 527-535 74 Susan Mann, Widows in the Kinship, Class, and Community Structures of Qing Dynasty China, Journal of Asian Studies. 46.1(1987): 45-48. 75 1323 5 24 76 77 1390 58 8 78 1994.12 I

110 79 80 1584-1626 81 82 83 79 26b-27a 80 27b 81 1402 24 7 82 1255 69 4a 83 Dorothy Ko ( ), Teachers of the Inner Chambers: Women and Culture in Seventeenth-Century

111 1730-1807 84 85 86 China (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994), pp.158-159. 84 1970 2 5b 85 Charlotte Furth, The Patriarch s Legacy: Household Instructions and the Transmission of Orthodox Values, in K. C. Liu and Don Price ed. Orthodox in Late Imperial China(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990), pp. 187-211. 1986.10 13-2347-53 1999.1 2003.6 86 2002.11 110

112 87 88 89 90 87 170-174 17.12000.318-22 88 3 164 89 Susan Mann Talented Women in Local Gazetteers of the Lingnan Region during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, 31995.8 140 90 2003.6

113 91 92 1628-1699 93 94 91 5 24b 92 Dorothy Ko, Teachers of the Inner Chambers: Women and Culture in Seventeenth-Century China, pp.158-159. 93 1323 5 23a 94 25a

114 95 95 1995 (1734) 158 8 35a

115 2005 5 13

116 1 390 305 2 3 4 11031142 5 16131682 6 17251785 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2000 104107 1998 191202 Hsiung Ping-chen 1992 201238 Constructed Emotions: The Bond Between Mothers and Sons in Late Imperial China, Late Imperial China, vol. 15, no. 1 (June 1994), pp. 87117 2004 193218 2004 245281A Tender Voyage: Children and Childhood in Late Imperial China (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2005). 79 8 1825 10071072 9961061 1975 163 88 5023 13141355 1977 319 78 10375 365 124 11393 http://www.people.com.cn/gb/keji/1058/2507662.html 15861645 1959 3 56 1991 136137 4 1988 5 122123 151 12231296 1994 4

117 9 10 11 12 13 14 9 10 11 12 13 14 820 1914 17811840 18561943 201 1844 嫏 1985 212826 Richard J. Smith China s Cultural Heritage: The Ch ing Dynasty, 1644-1912 [Boulder: Westview Press, 1983], p. 64 Daniel L. Overmyer Ming Studies, 20 [Spring 1985], p. 15 Richard J. Smith 1994 Ch ing Qing p. 85 2002 482501 2002 246-260 1927 1997 2000 咏 咏 2004 35 75 3 1991 3 4569 27 1 1989 6 287310 1999 127170 92126 Judith T. Zeitlin 502531 15 2003 7 177204

118 15 16 17 18 19 20 15 1919 16 17 18 1853 19 20 1998 1 14 着 Kang-i Sun Chang, A Guide to Ming-Ch ing Anthologies of Female Poetry and Their Selection Strategies, The Gest Library Journal, vol. 5, no. 2 (Winter 1992), pp. 119160; Ming and Qing Anthologies of Women s Poetry and Their Selection Strategies, in Ellen Widmer and Kang-i Sun Chang (eds.), Writing Women in Late Imperial China (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1997), pp. 147170 2001 135151 Paul S. Ropp A Confucian View of Women in the Ch ing Period: Literati Laments for Women in the Ch ing shih tuo, Chinese Studies, vol. 10, no. 2 (December 1992), pp. 399435.

119 21 22 16911748 23 24 1746 1711179917351796 25 26 21 22 23 24 25 26 17711833 1831 1989 22 15731 16681749 1983 11 316318 18441927 1977 508 295 1 14023 1878 1987 1993 卧 15731 瑨 1922 1743

120 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 1799 1877 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 27 28 29 1836 30 31 32 145 135 1959 43 13 17831784 33 壻 34 1587015871 35 36 37 1985 13 6 450 38 曽 39 40

121 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 鳯 49 50 挱 41 42 43 44 18321899 1893 45 46 47 48 49 鳯 50

122 51 52 53 17911846 54 55 18301894 56 57 58 59 51 52 53 17751849 1974 54 15857 55 56 57 58 59

123 17301797 1780 竉 60 曵 61 62 63 64 1780 65 66 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 17901874 1960 22 787788 1570815709 1856 18371879 6 1991 17161798 1993 11 354 18521927 1995 27 39 62 62 61 1984 582 17251807 17831850 1987 73 376377 17281804 1989 21 2 339340 42 1 762768 63 3940

124 67 68 慽 69 70 71 72 鳯 73 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 1941 7 193194 194 鳯

125 74 75 76 77 78 79 壻 80 16351704 227 81 82 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 鳯 15902 1804 1797 1992 1731 226 259 210 246 210 56 26 2534 149 736 508 295 1 14020-14021

126 籑 辠 愳 83 84 85 86 87 1592 1681 88 83 84 85 86 87 88 736 82 3 6566 Dorothy Ko, Teachers of the Inner Chambers: Women and Culture in Seventeenth-Century China (Stanford, California: Stanford Unviersity Press, 1994), pp. 163-166.

127 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 唫

128 102 103 104 1680 105 106 107 108 109 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 Susan Mann Precious Records: Women in China s Long Eighteenth Century (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1997), p. 114. 2000 454455 1793 1817.10.22 1818.11.18 203 43 7 7773-7775 Kang-i Sun Chang and Haun Saussy (eds.), Women Writers of Traditional China: An Anthology of Poetry and Criticism (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1999), p. 389 Wilt Idema and Beata Grant, The Red Brush: Writing Women of Imperial China (Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Asia Center, 2004), pp. 475-476. 1987 16731769 1984 31 1309

129 110 111 112 113 17751849 勔 114 115 110 111 112 113 114 115 25 1017 803804 (overbearing tutelage) Susan Mann, Precious Records: Women in China s Long Eighteenth Century, p. 104. 15813

130 116 117 綫 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 氊 127 128 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 珻 5 145146 18691928 1924 34 Kang-i Sun Chang and Haun Saussy (eds.), Women Writers of Traditional China: An Anthology of Poetry and Criticism, p. 305.

131 129 130 551 479 521 490 131 132 18661911 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 牕 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 17711847

132 140 婨 141 142 143 144 17641849 17771833 145 140 141 婨 142 15701 143 144 145

133 146 147 148 149 150 1749 151 吚 146 147 148 149 150 151 17441790 1965 185 38 12 1680 1997 278 1 1999 10 454 2004 3 2004 9 32-34 1993 2047 1891

134 152 瑨 瑨 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 5 102-103 殁

135 烱 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 茘 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 静 1766 15854 15854

136 176 177 178 179 180 1613 181 182 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 1856-1937 1976 Clara Wing-chung Ho, Encouragement from the Opposite Gender: Male Scholars Interests in Women s Publications in Ch ing China A Bibliographical Study, in Harriet T. Zurndorfer (ed.), Chinese Women in the Imperial Past: New Perspectives (Leiden, Boston & Köln: Brill, 1999), pp. 308353. 1928 1988 184 2 555

137 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 3 72 22 788 鳯

138 197 198 199 200 201 慙 202 203 204 205 206 197 198 鳯 510 199 200 201 202 203 204 1909 205 206

139 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 15271

140 219 220 221 222 223 219 220 221 222 189 223

141 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 叠 231 232 233 10361101 234 235 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 悤 悤 叠 1039-1112 1998 1 132

142 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 着 246 247 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 15875

143 248 249 慙 250 251 252 253 254 255 1727/28 1776/77 256 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 Precious Records: Women in China s Long Eighteenth Century, p. 105. 1998 311364 Clara Wing-chung

144 257 綫 258 259 260 261 376? 1625 262 壻 263 264 壻 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 Ho (ed.), Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women (New York: M.E. Sharpe Inc., 1998), p. 276. 珻 嬺 1934 篃

145 265 266 265 266 187192 18911962 1930 3 8 1078

146