1 37 q 9-11 v v ] = R s i q R ] s i ] + -1 t q ] + ω r q -1 ] ] q 1 ] = L i q L ] q i ] + PM ] q v i R s L L q q Ψ PM θ r ω r q v v ] = R s i R



Similar documents
u d = R s i d - ωl q i q u q = R s i q + ωl d i d + ωψ 1 u d u q d-q i d i q d q L d L q d q ψ f R s ω i 1 i 5th i th 5 θ 1 θ θ 3 5 5

34 22 f t = f 0 w t + f r t f w θ t = F cos p - ω 0 t - φ 1 2 f r θ t = F cos p - ω 0 t - φ 2 3 p ω 0 F F φ 1 φ 2 t A B s Fig. 1

718 30,. [8],,,,,,. PMSM, (q ) (d ).,,,,. 2 IPMSM (Mathematical model of IPMSM and analysis of the flux-weakening control operation) 2.1 IPMSM (Mathem

3 9 1 V α = R s + pl α pl αβ α - snθ r + ωλ m V pl β αβ R s + plβ β cosθ r 1 V λ L α β α β R s p ω λ m θ r 3 V αs s 8 N /S V αs p λ α s λ β λ α λ 5 -

; 3/2, Buck-Boost, 3 Buck-Boost DC-DC ; Y, Fig. 1 1 BBMC The topology of three phase-three phase BBMC 3 BBMC (Study on the control strategy of

5 69 S FWR1 S FWR λ H i = + 3 maximum torue i i 2 + i 2 2 λn p L - L i = 0 per Ampere MTPA H i OA = - 3 i i 2 + i 2 2 λn p L - L i = 0 4

CARDSM 3 1 CARDSM 1. 1 CARDSM 9 /6 1 CARDSM CARDSM axial coil assisted reluctance doubly salient motor CARDSM CARD

(L d L q ). i d = 0,, [8].,,,,, / (maximum torque per ampere, MTPA) [9],. MTPA [9] [10],,,. MTPA, MTPA.,,,. MTPA,,,.,. 2 (Model of PMSM) d-q, :

P ID,, P ID P ID ; k P ; k I ; k D ; e ( k) k [ 10, 11 ], P ID ; e ( k), 2 e ( k) P ID, e ( k) P ID, P ID P I D, ( k P, k I, k D ), P ID P ID [

Y m G C I IMC C II IMC R Y = + C I IMC F f G - G^ + - F f G^ C I IMC D + C I IMC F f G - G^ 9 D() R() C IMC() Ⅱ CIMC() U() Ⅰ G() Y() Y m() - G

[1-3] (Smile) [4] 808 nm (CW) W 1 50% 1 W 1 W Fig.1 Thermal design of semiconductor laser vertical stack ; Ansys 20 bar ; bar 2 25 Fig

3 6 permanent magnet synchronous motor LSPMSM G A x( μ ) + A x y( μ ) = - J y s + σ A t 7-8 Γ A = LSPMSM A Γ 2 ν n - ν A 2 n = δ c LSPMSM A J s μ σ v

Technical Acoustics Vol.27, No.4 Aug., 2008,,, (, ) :,,,,,, : ; ; : TB535;U : A : (2008) Noise and vibr

Vol. 22 No. 4 JOURNAL OF HARBIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Aug GPS,,, : km, 2. 51, , ; ; ; ; DOI: 10.

4 16 SRM J z J z B x B y SRM J. M. Stephenson J. Corda 1 SRM 6 T. J. E. Miller McGilpM Table 1 The basic parameter o

( permanent magnet linear synchronous motor, PMLSM ), [ 1-3 ] PMLSM,, PMLSM PMLSM,, SPWM : 2 Hz; 018; 017 khz; JUNG Insoung [ 4 ] V PM


1 2 Z θ. 1 T z = 3 mm (b) 轴向气隙磁密 2 Fig. 2 Air gap flux density when rotor aligns with stator with trapezoidal P

9 5-5 jl E q jl b ig. hasor iagram of roun rotor synchronous generator ( - ) b 滞相区 姨 b - q ig. The limit power iagram of roun rotor sy

ELECTRI C MACHINES AND CONTROL Vol. 16 No. 10 Oct TM 77 A X Electromagnet

cm /s c d 1 /40 1 /4 1 / / / /m /Hz /kn / kn m ~

Fig. 1 1 The sketch for forced lead shear damper mm 45 mm 4 mm 200 mm 25 mm 2 mm mm Table 2 The energy dissip

第三章 作业

g 100mv /g 0. 5 ~ 5kHz 1 YSV8116 DASP 1 N 2. 2 [ M] { x } + [ C] { x } + [ K]{ x } = { f t } 1 M C K 3 M C K f t x t 1 [ H( ω )] = - ω 2

10-D 王英涛完稿.doc

2001年博士、硕士研究生招生计划表

Microsoft Word - 专论综述1.doc

JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING VIBRATION Vol. 31 No. 5 Oct /35 TU3521 P315.

Schumpeter Mensch Freeman Clark Schumpeter Mensch 1975 technological stalemate 2000 Van Dujin 1977 OECD 1992 Freeman 1982 Van

2 3. 1,,,.,., CAD,,,. : 1) :, 1,,. ; 2) :,, ; 3) :,; 4) : Fig. 1 Flowchart of generation and application of 3D2digital2building 2 :.. 3 : 1) :,

:, PID.,.,.,,, [2 8], [9 5]. [9],,,. [0],,,. [],,,. [2],,. [3],,,. [4],,. [5],.,,,. 2 (Mechanism model of variable speed constant frequency dou

untitled

EL ECTR IC MACH IN ES AND CON TROL Vol113 No11 Jan. 2009,, (, ) :, X 2Y,,,,,,, P ID P ID P ID,, : ; ; ; P ID : TM33 : A : X

2 ( 自 然 科 学 版 ) 第 20 卷 波 ). 这 种 压 缩 波 空 气 必 然 有 一 部 分 要 绕 流 到 车 身 两 端 的 环 状 空 间 中, 形 成 与 列 车 运 行 方 向 相 反 的 空 气 流 动. 在 列 车 尾 部, 会 产 生 低 于 大 气 压 的 空 气 流

NANO COMMUNICATION 23 No.3 90 CMOS 94/188 GHz CMOS 94/188 GHz A 94/188 GHz Dual-Band VCO with Gm- Boosted Push-Push Pair in 90nm CMOS 90 CMOS 94

Mnq 1 1 m ANSYS BEAM44 E0 E18 E0' Y Z E18' X Y Z ANSYS C64K C70C70H C /t /t /t /mm /mm /mm C64K

Z-I A b Z-I A b Z Z-I A A b Z-I Miller [5] Z i I i Z-I [6] Z-I Z-I Z-I Z-I Z I Wilson [7] 1970 [8] [9] 20.32% Sasaki [10] Nino- miya [11] [12]

第16卷 第2期 邯郸学院学报 年6月

Microsoft Word - 《数字式多用表校验仪检定规程》报批稿

Microsoft Word - 11-秦华伟.doc

27 :OPC 45 [4] (Automation Interface Standard), (Costom Interface Standard), OPC 2,,, VB Delphi OPC, OPC C++, OPC OPC OPC, [1] 1 OPC 1.1 OPC OPC(OLE f

T e = K 1 Φ m I 2 cosθ K 1 Φ m I cosθ 2 1 T 12 e Φ / 13 m I 4 2 Φ m Φ m 14 I 2 Φ m I 2 15 dq0 T e = K 2 ΦI a 2 16

Dan Buettner / /

Microsoft Word - ã•−赤峰俚鎩信憯㕉2016年第5æœ�+敻第124æœ�ï¼›.doc

y 1 = 槡 P 1 1h T 1 1f 1 s 1 + 槡 P 1 2g T 1 2 interference 2f 2 s y 2 = 槡 P 2 2h T 2 2f 2 s 2 + 槡 P 2 1g T 2 1 interference 1f 1 s + n n

2

Tokyo Tech Template

~ ~ 10 A ~ c A cm 10 5 ~ 10 6 V /cm Charles J. Kim 120 V 2 A 1

System Design and Setup of a Robot to Pass over Steps Abstract In the research, one special type of robots that can pass over steps is designed and se

#4 ~ #5 12 m m m 1. 5 m # m mm m Z4 Z5

第 1 期 常 壮 等 : 基 于 RS-485 总 线 的 舰 船 损 管 训 练 平 台 控 系 统 研 究 87 能 : 1) 损 管 基 本 理 论 的 学 习 帮 助 舰 员 熟 悉 舰 艇 舱 室 相 关 规 章 制 度 损 管 施 分 布 和 使 用 不 沉 性 文 件 等 ) 损 管

untitled

untitled

Electri c Machines and Control Vol. 21 No. 7 Jul totally enclosed fan-cool TEFC 55 kw DOI 10.

PID FIR 1 4 u t 5-6 y t i d = 0 M d2 y + A dy = f - f dt 2 dt d dy u q = R a i q + K e 7 dt + L di q a dt 1 u q f = K f R a

更多电梯相关资料, 请到赛尔电梯网查阅 浙江大学学报 ( ) JournalofZhejiangUniversity(EngineeringScience) Vol.48No.4 Apr.2014 DOI: /j.is

508 0 ( brushless doubly2fed machine, BDFM ) [ 1 ],, [ 2 ] P p,, f p ; P c,, f c, [ 1, 3 ],,, ( ),,, [ 4-5 ] [ 10 ], [ 6-9 ] ANSYS,,,, P p = 3, P c =

CHCN.indd

电力信息化2013年第1期.indb

H 2 SO ml ml 1. 0 ml C 4. 0 ml - 30 min 490 nm 0 ~ 100 μg /ml Zhao = VρN 100% 1 m V ml ρ g

總目44-環境保護署

Linn Cove [1,2] 1(a)(b) Figg and Muller epoxy epoxy Linn Cove 183 [3] (a) (b) (c) (d) 1 43

2009—2010级本科课程教学大纲与课程简介格式

(A) 高 电 压 (B) 低 电 压 (C) 负 载 大 (D) 负 载 小 16. 与 非 门 的 逻 辑 功 能 为 ( ) (A) 入 0 出 0, 全 1 出 1 (B) 入 1 出 0, 全 0 出 0 (C) 入 0 出 1, 全 1 出 0 (D) 入 1 出 0, 全 0 出 1

2013 年 底 機 器 設 備 1,046,154 累 計 折 舊 - 機 器 設 備 196,154 重 估 價 盈 餘 850,000 (2) 減 損 前 資 產 帳 面 價 值 =$4,100,000-($4,100, ,000) 16=$3,859,375 資 產 價 值 減

mm ~

Microsoft Word - SDRH series.doc

标题

Ansys /4 Ansys % 9 60% MU10 M m 1 Fig. Actual situation of measured building 1 Fig. 1 First floor plan of typical r

<474B3930B7A2B6AFBBFAD7D4B6AFB2A8CDBCB2E12E786C73>

通 过 厂 变 带 电, 这 种 设 计 减 少 了 机 组 自 带 厂 用 电 负 荷 能 力, 降 低 了 锅 炉 满 足 FCB 时 最 低 稳 燃 工 况, 同 时 造 成 燃 烧 调 整 量 加 大 本 电 厂 在 FCB 试 验 时, 电 泵 不 联 启, 始 终 保 持 汽 泵 运 行

ID630L: Becoming Familiar with Sensorless Vector Control of BLDC Motors Renesas Electronics America Inc. Huangsheng Xu Consumer & Industry BU 14 Octob

VLBI2010 [2] 1 mm EOP VLBI VLBI [3 5] VLBI h [6 11] VLBI VLBI VLBI VLBI VLBI GPS GPS ( ) [12] VLBI 10 m VLBI 65 m [13,14] (referen

标题

System brochure-vechicle-CN

~ ~

Microsoft Word - 刘 慧 板.doc

Fig. Distribution model of axial magnetic bearing air gap permeance G 6 ~ G 8 G G G ' 7-8 G 3 G 4 G ' 3 G ' 4 G 5 G 6 G 5 G

* CUSUM EWMA PCA TS79 A DOI /j. issn X Incipient Fault Detection in Papermaking Wa

P mech = 1 2 C P λ β Aρv 3 1 P mech λ β A ρ v C P λ β β λ β C P λ β λ 1 maximum power point tracking MPPT C pmax

Microsoft Word - 我的撞球時代.doc

Electri c Machines and Control Vol. 21 No. 12 Dec :,,,,,,,, 15 kw r /min, : ; ; ; DOI:


K526-ML

增 刊 谢 小 林, 等. 上 海 中 心 裙 房 深 大 基 坑 逆 作 开 挖 设 计 及 实 践 745 类 型, 水 位 埋 深 一 般 为 地 表 下.0~.7 m 场 地 地 表 以 下 27 m 处 分 布 7 层 砂 性 土, 为 第 一 承 压 含 水 层 ; 9 层 砂 性 土

5. 閱 讀 下 文, 推 斷 內 最 適 合 填 入 的 詞 語 依 序 為 何? 人 也 真 是 一 個 絕 字, 一 邊 向 左, 一 邊 向 右, 一 副 的 樣 子, 偏 又 相 連 著, 各 說 各 話 各 走 各 路, 卻 又 人, 這 麼 一 個 簡 單 的 字, 竟 包 含 如 此

LaDefense Arch Petronas Towers 2009 CCTV MOMA Newmark Hahn Liu 8 Heredia - Zavoni Barranco 9 Heredia - Zavoni Leyva

km km mm km m /s hpa 500 hpa E N 41 N 37 N 121

: 3 :,,,,,,, :, 2005, , 26,, ( ) ,,?,,?,,, OECD, , 20 90,,,,,, , 3178,, 25 %, 40 %? 2004 :,

微 分 方 程 是 经 典 数 学 的 一 个 重 要 分 支, 常 用 来 描 述 随 时 间 变 化 的 动 态 系 统, 被 广 泛 应 用 于 物 理 学 工 程 数 学 和 经 济 学 等 领 域. 实 际 上, 系 统 在 随 时 间 的 变 化 过 程 中, 经 常 会 受 到 一 些

修 订 历 史 版 本 日 期 原 因 V /10/26 创 建 文 档 i

S310 II

ti2 guan4 bo1 bo5 huai4 zheng4 hong1 xi2 luo2 ren4

TGF-β AngⅡ B SD ~ 220g SPF. SCXK No SYXK ~ 25 40% ~ 70% OR37G-C

[29] a N d N b 2 d sin θ N b ФФ a b Ф Ф θ θ a b Fig.1 Working principle demonstration of a phased-array antenna θ

[15 17],,. [18 20], ESO, ESO,, ESO,,.,,,,.,, ;,,. 2 (Spacecraft attitude dynamics),, I, ω I b, T d, u, I ω I b + (ωb) I Iω I b = u + T d, (1)

Mixtions Pin Yin Homepage

Microsoft Word - 31空中大學校稿檔.doc


幻灯片 1

Transcription:

15 1 11 1 ELECTRI C MACHINES AND CONTROL Vol. 15 No. 1 Oct. 11 317 - i = i q = bang-bang PID - bang-bang PID TM 341 A 17-449X 11 1-36- 7 Research on self-startup states process of back-emf base sensorless vector control of PMSM WANG Zi-hui YE Yun-yue College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 317 China Abstract A self-startup strategy base on back-emf sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous machines PMSM was propose. Strategy of spee open-loop an current close-loop was aopte in startup state while a ouble-close-loops of spee an current strategy was aopte in running state where the stator current control was i = i q = constant. In orer to make smooth transition for spee an torque the q axis current was tune by a reference error angle between estimate an given positions so that the error angle coul converge to zero while switching. Research was focuse on the valiity of the sensorless algorithm an compare the current transient process between Bang-bang an PID strategies. Experimental results inicate that this self-startup strategy realizes a smooth an stable acceleration to the rate spee uner the loa conitions from zero to full range an the ouble close-loop control system base on sensorless algorithm has a satisfing ynamic performance. Key wors permanent magnet synchronous machines vector control state conversion angle-current close loop bang-bang control PID control permanent magnet synchronous machines PMSM 1-1 - 15 1984 1951

1 37 q 9-11 v v ] = R s i q R ] s i ] + -1 t q ] + ω r q -1 ] ] q 1 ] = L i q L ] q i ] + PM ] q v i R s L L q q Ψ PM θ r ω r q 1 3-5 v v ] = R s i R ] s i ] + t ] 3 ] = L 1 +L cosθ r L sinθ r i L sinθ r L 1 -L cosθ ] r i ] + cosθ r sinθ ] PM r 4 1% L 1 L + L q L L - L q L 6 v = R s i + p L 1 i + PM cosθ r 5 7 v = R s i + p L 1 i + PM sinθ r 6 p q = 8 u - R s i t 7 θ r = tan - 1 - L 1 i 8 - L 1 i ω r = θ r t 9 6 1% 5% -. 1 1

38 15 PID q * i * = i q * = PID i q * 3 q 1 1 q i qref θ * 棕 PI * i = * q * q Fig. Original phasor iagram in * q * an q axes q v i q* 兹 =9 q * 棕 ref I q* PI 1 I ref 位 置 角 发 生 器 Fig. 1 开 关 1 I qref PI v v q PI 兹 * 1 开 关 兹 棕 i q i q q 琢 茁 琢 茁 位 置 速 度 估 测 器 v 琢 v 茁 v PWM a v b 发 生 器 v c i 琢 i 茁 琢 茁 abc DC Motor i a i b i c 逆 变 桥 PMSM 1 Vector control schematic iagram. 1 T e - T L = J ω t = J θ t 13 T e T L J 1 1 1 i q * * q * q * n p A A i q * θ L θ * q i q * θ * = ω * t 1 ω * = Δω t 11 v q * Δω * q * Δω 3. 1 * q * q q i q * θ L * q * q 9 3 i q 兹 L 兹 L i q* est 兹, 棕 * * q * q Fig. 3 Phasor iagram in * q * an q axes T e = 3 n pi q = 3 pi q * cosθ L mpm + L -L q i q * sinθ L 3

1 39 3 est est * θ' L = θ est - θ * i q * = i q * - k p θ' L 18 est * θ' L = θ L = k p i q * i q * θ' L θ' L q * 1-1 1 3 n pi' q mpm = 3 n pi q * cosθ L t1 mpm + L - L q i q * sinθ L t1 14 i' q = i q * cosθ L t1 ( 1 + L - L q i q * sinθ L t1 ) mpm 15 Δθ = 1 J T e - T L t 16 i q ' CCS 3. 3 θ L t 1 t1 θ L 1 13 1 i q * 16 Table 1 Parameters of PMSM i q * i q ' 额 定 功 率 /kw. i q * 额 定 电 压 /%V 38% 轴 电 感 /mh i q * 额 定 电 流 /A.9 q 轴 电 感 /mh 额 定 转 速 /(r/min) %85-4 着 兹 L_ref 误 差 期 望 值 着 = 兹 L 角 速 度 发 生 器 兹 * 驻 兹 L 兹 est l q* 调 节 器 兹 L 位 置 速 度 估 测 器 iq* 电 磁 转 矩 方 程 i * q q * 兹 * PI abc v i a i b i c 4. kw 1 TI DSP TMS3F8335 FC3 LEM / 参 数 额 定 频 率 /Hz 额 定 转 矩 /(N m) 大 小 95 1.15 参 数 定 子 相 电 阻 ( 冷 态 )/ 赘 主 磁 极 磁 通 /Wb turn 转 动 惯 量 /J m 极 对 数 大 小 8.5 13.4 15.4.13 3 1-3 1. 5 A % 6 r /min 4. 1 5 ~ 7 4-1% Fig. 4 Control strategy flowchart of erroneous angle-current close loop θ' L 3. i q * bang-bang PID 6 i q * bang-bang bang-bang i q * i q * = i q * - Δi q * if θ' L > ε 17 i q * = i q * + Δi q * if θ' L < - ε } i q * i q * Δi q * i q * ε PID

4 15 转 子 角 转 速 ( 估 测 值 )(r/min) 电 流 iq*/a 误 差 角 ( ) Fig. 7 1%98 1%6 1%6 7 36-36 -7-1%6-1%6-1%98 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Fig. 5 5 Spee uring startup porcess no loa. 1.6 1..8.4 -.4 -.8-1. -1.6 -. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Fig. 6 6 Current uring startup porcess no loa 18 144 18 7 36-36 19. -7 1.9-18 6.65-144.377-5.9-18 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7 est * Erroreous angle between estimate an given positions no loa 4. 8 9 i q * bang-bang Bang-bang 7 1 θ' L θ' L 1 ~ 15. 1.6 1..8.4 -.4 -.8-1. -1.6 -. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PID -18 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% i q * θ' L PID 1 est * Fig. 1 Erroreous angle between estimate an given positions full k p loa 电 流 iq*/a Fig. 8 电 流 iq*/a Fig. 9 误 差 角 /( ) 8 bang-bang Current uring startup porcess with bang-bang control full loa. 1.6 1..8.4 -.4 -.8-1. -1.6 -. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 9 PID Current uring startup porcess with PID control 18 144 18 7 36-36 -7-18 -144

1 41 4. 3 5. 44.1 38. DSP 3.4 误 差 角 /( ) 1. 7.78 5.56 3.33 1.11-1.11-3.33-5.56-7.78-1. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 11 ± 13 85 r /min 14 Fig. 11 Erroreous angle between estimate an real rotor positions at rate spee no loa 误 差 角 /( ) 1. 7.78 5.56 3.33 1.11-1.11-3.33-5.56-7.78-1. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1 85 r /min θ' L Fig. 1 Erroreous angle between estimate an real rotor positions at rate spee full loa 3% %667 %333 转 子 转 速 /(r/min) 转 子 角 机 械 频 率 ( 估 测 值 ) 赘 /Hz Fig. 14 55.9 6.7 6. 5.9 4.59 3.88 6.5 3.18.6.47 1.76 14.7 1.6 8.8.353.94 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % 1%667 1%333 1% 667 333 1 GENDUSO F MICELI R RANDO C et al. Back EMF sensorless-control algorithm for high-ynamic performance PMSM J. IEEE Transactions on Inustrial Applications 1 57 6 9-1.. J. 7 11 1 5-54. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%15%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% SHI Jian TANG Ningping TAN Chao. New metho for sensorless control technique of PMSM J. Electrical Machines an Con- 13 trol 7 11 1 5-54. Fig. 13 Dynamic spee response with loa 3. 14 电 流 iq Dynamic spee an current responses with onoff loa 11 1-5 V /F q * i * q

4 15 J. 7 7 3 3-7. SHANG Zhe ZHAO Rongxiang DOU Ruzhen. Research on sensorless control metho of PMSM base on an aaptive sliing moe observer J. Proceeings of the CSEE 7 7 3 3-7. 8 5 75-81. CHEN Zhen LIU Xiangong JIN Yongqiang et al. Direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motors base on extene kalman filter observer of flux linkage J. Proceeings of the CSEE 8 8 5 75-81. 5. control of PM machines own to zero spee without signal injection or special PWM technique J. IEEE Transactions on Power J. 8 8 9 71-75. Electronics 4 19 6 161-167. WANG Qinglong ZHANG Chongwei ZHANG Xing. Variable - 11 LEE G B PARK J S LEE S H KOWN Y A. High-performance structure MRAS spee ientification for permanent magnet synchro- sensorless control of PMSM using back-emf an reactive power nous motor J. Proceeings of the CSEE 8 8 9 71-75. 6 KIM J S SUL S K. New approach for the low-spee operation of PMSM rives without rotational position sensors J. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 1996 11 3 51-519. 7 HOLTZ J QUAN Juntao. Drift an parameter compensate flux estimator for persistent zero stator frequency operation of sensorless controlle inuction motors J. IEEE Transactions on Inustry Applications 3 39 4 15-16. 8 J. 4 38 4 465-469. QIN Feng HE Yikang LIU Yi ZHANG Wei. Rotor position sensorless estimation for permanent magnet synchronous motors J. Journal of Zhejiang University Engineering Science 4 38 4 465-469. 4. 9 MOBARAKEH B N TARBAR F M SARGOS F M. Back - EMF J. 8 estimation base sensorless control of PMSM robustness with respect to measurement errors an inverter irregularities C / /Inustry Applications Conference 4 39th IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Recor of the 4 IEEE October - 7 4 Seattle USA. 4 1858-1865. 1 WANG Chuanyang XU Longya. A novel approach for sensorless C. / /ICCAS-SICE International Joint Conference 9 August 18-1 9 Fukuoka Japan. 9 47-411. 1 FATU M TEODORESCU R BOLDEA I et al. I-F starting metho with smooth transition to EMF base motion-sensorless vector control of PM synchronous motor /generator C / /Power Electronics Specialists Conference 8 IEEE June 15-19 Rhoes Greece. 8 1481-1487.