~ ~ 10 A ~ c A cm 10 5 ~ 10 6 V /cm Charles J. Kim 120 V 2 A 1

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1 Electri c Machines and Control Vol. 22 No. 5 May :,,,, c - : DOI: /j. emc TM 501 A X Arc fault detection based on cluster analysis and electromagnetic radiation LI Kui 1 CHEN Zhao 1 ZHANG Yang-zi 2 WANG Yao 1 NIU Feng 1 DAI Yi-hua 1 1. Province-Ministry Joint Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China 2. State Grid Electric Power Company of Taizhou Huangyan District Taizhou China Abstract Nowadays the current non-linear loads in the power system increase and the main drawback of fault arc detection method based on arc current characteristics is that there is only one information source which leads to misjudgment. A method of series arc fault diagnosis was presented based on the method of cluster analysis and the electromagnetic signals. On the basis of analying the theory of electromagnetic signal of arc the signal was filtered to reduce noise then combined with the research on electromagnetic behaviors of arcing fault the feature vector of the electromagnetic signals of arc fault was extracted. The fault is diagnosed by the fuzzy c-means clustering method. The result of test shows that the accuracy of the method for the identification of series arc fault meets the requirements. Keywords arc fault electromagnetic signals cluster analysis non-linear loads : ( QN ) ( E ) ( ) ( LJRC003) : ( 1965 ),,,,, : ( 1990 ),,, ( 1992 ),,, ( 1981 ),,, ( 1986 ),,, ( 1990 ),,,

2 ~ ~ 10 A ~ c A cm 10 5 ~ 10 6 V /cm Charles J. Kim 120 V 2 A 14 cluster analysis 16 1 Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of arc area c

96 22 2 2 10-6 ~ 3 10-6 s 10 6 A /cm 2 10 8 2. 1 A /cm 2 18 3 UL1699 10 9 Hz 6. 4 mm 10. 0 mm 1. 3 19 x 2 R 220 V 50 Hz σ x E rad E rad R t = sinθ 4πε 0 Rc 2 δ 0 di dt dx 1 θ i R c P rad ω =.

3 ~ s 10 6 A /cm A /cm UL Hz 6. 4 mm mm x 2 R 220 V 50 Hz σ x E rad E rad R t = sinθ 4πε 0 Rc 2 δ 0 di dt dx 1 θ i R c P rad ω =. E rad t e -jωt dt 2 = 0 k 2 I 2 arc 0 ω 2 ω ω 2 + 4α 2 ω 2 2 k ω 0 ω 2 k 2 I 2 arc 0 ω 2 3 Fig. 3 Point contact arc test rig Fig. 2 2 x Electromagnetic field radiated by a current component oriented along x-axis 50 Ω

4 MHz 20 khz 15 0 ~ 250 khz 0 ~ 250 khz 4 25 MHz 1 1 m Fig. 4 4 Schematic diagram of experimental circuit Fig. 6 Waveform of measured nonlinear load current 4 MHZ 5 6 Fig. 7 7 Measured resistive load magnetic field signal waveform Fig. 5 5 Measured resistive load current signal waveform Fig. 8 Measured nonlinear load magnetic field signal waveform

5 98 22 SIMULINK khz Table 1 Table 2 Results of resistive load operation Number of electromagnetic signal extracted from test \ m m / / / 3 3 Table 3 Results of nonlinear load operation Z Fig. 9 9 Schematic diagram of filtering C - FCM C - n FCM C -

6 5 99 x j w i u ij 0 1 u ij = X = x 1 x 2 1 x n FCM c V = v 1 v 2 v c v i w i l 1.d 2 ij = x j - v i T A x j - v i x j J min U V = N c u l ijd 2 ij j = 1 i = 1 U = u ij c N 3 u ij w i A = 1 Fig Magnetic field signal diagram of microwave oven Fig Magnetic field signal diagram of Vacuum cleaner FCM δ δ Fig. 12 Results of cluster analysis for resistive load

7 Fig. 14 Results of cluster analysis for all the experimental data resistance and nonlinearity Fig. 13 Results of cluster analysis for nonlinear load Table unknown loads Arc fault detecting test result of the /%

8 IEEE Transactions on Industry Applica- emerging productj tions et al. Series arc fault i- dentification in low voltage system based on autoregressive parame- 1 YONG Jing GUIXiaozhi NIU Liangliang ter modelj c - 10 D c - J % ZHANG Ruixiang SONG Zhengxiang. Arc Fault Detection Method Based on Signal Energy Distribution in Frequency BandC Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference March 2012 Shanghai China IEC ed1. 0 General requirements for arc fault detection devicess Underwriter Laboratories Inc. UL standard forsafety for arc-fault circuit-interrupters UL 1699 J J JIA Ning LI HongwenWEI Youping et al. Research of a novel arc fault circuit interrupterj. Low Voltage Apparatus J. 19MichelMardiguian. M CHEN Degui. The arc fault interrupter a new low voltage protection apparatus J. Low Voltage Apparatus CHAI Sim Por KUAN Lee Choo LIM You Jian. A study of arc fault current in low voltage switchboardc IEEE Conference on Sustainable Utilization and Development in Engineering and Technology. 6-9 Oct Kuala LumpurMalaysia GREGORY G D SCOTT G W. The arc-fault circuit interrupter an 8. J Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society 9. D YANG Jianhong ZHANG Rencheng DU Jianhua. Study on application of arcing protective system faults based on multiple information fusion J. High Voltage Apparatus D.. J KIM C J. Electromagnetic Radiation Behavior of Low-Voltage Arcing FaultJ. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery Micha el Rabla Patrick Schweitzer Etienne Tisserand. Method to Design Arc Fault Detection Algorithm Using FPGAC. The 57 rd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts Sept Minneapolis MN. 16. J PENG Xiangang LAI Jiawen CHEN Yi. Application of clustering analysis in typical power consumption profile analysisj. Power System Protection and Control M M ( : )

34 22 f t = f 0 w t + f r t f w θ t = F cos p - ω 0 t - φ 1 2 f r θ t = F cos p - ω 0 t - φ 2 3 p ω 0 F F φ 1 φ 2 t A B s Fig. 1

34 22 f t = f 0 w t + f r t f w θ t = F cos p - ω 0 t - φ 1 2 f r θ t = F cos p - ω 0 t - φ 2 3 p ω 0 F F φ 1 φ 2 t A B s Fig. 1 22 2 2018 2 Electri c Machines and Control Vol. 22 No. 2 Feb. 2018 1 2 3 3 1. 214082 2. 214082 3. 150001 DOI 10. 15938 /j. emc. 2018. 02. 005 TM 301. 4 A 1007-449X 2018 02-0033- 08 Research of permanent