1 (1) (1) / 6 / 6 / 13 / 25 / 29 / 29 / 69 / 85 / 85 / 91 / 102 / 106 / 107 / 127 / 136 / 136 / 143 / 150 / 156 : / 166 / 170

2 / 170 / 178 / 197 / 197 / 200 / 216 / 229 / 229 / 235 / 240 / 243 / 249 / 251 / 260 / 266 / 266 / 272 / 276 / 279 / 288 / 295 / 295 / 304 / 312 / 316 WTO / 320 WTO / 333 / 341 / 341

3 / 345 / 349 / 359 / 359 / 379 / 384 / 391 / 396 / 396 / 397 / 399 / 405 21 / 410 / 416 APEC / 416 APEC / 420 / 431 / 431 / 435 / 437

1, 1996,,,, ;, APEC,,, ;,,,,,

2,, 2002 1

1, 19,,,,,,,, (UIA) (1998/ 1999 ), 1998, 48350, 6250, 42100, 189,,,, ;, 6567 2205, 263,,, Yearbook of International Organizations, 1998/ 1999, complied by Union of International Association, New York,1999, pp1759-1773.

2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,, 50,, ; 60,,, ;70,, ;80,,, ; 90,,,,,,,, ;

3,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50,,,,,,,, :,

4,,,,,,,,, 19,,, 21,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;

5,,,,

6,,,,,,,,, 14,,,,, 15 60,,, 16, 15,, 17 30,,,

7,,,,,, 2/ 3, 18,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

8,, ; ;, : 19,,, 19 50 10, 20 ; 80 10, 270 ; 20 10, 1000 : 10 ( % ) 1840 1849 10 1850 1859 18 80 1860 1869 64 256 1870 1879 139 117 1880 1889 272 96 1890 1899 475 75 1900 1909 985 107 1910 1914 458 P.B.Potter, An Introduction to the Study of International Organization, ch.., 19,,,,, ;,

9 ; 1873 ; 1878 ; 1947,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 17, 19, 1815,,,,,

10 ;,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 1815, ( ),, 53, 1856 1871 1912 1878 1884 1889 1907 1906 30, 1815, : (1),,,

11 (2),,,,,,,,, (3),,,,,,,, 19,, ( ),,,,, 1874, 22,,,, 20 1865

12 : 1875 ; 1883 ; 1886 ;1890 1899,,, 1804,,, : (1),,,, (2),,,, (3),,, ;,

13,,,,,, 1/ 4,,,,,,,,,, 1919 4 28, 1914 1918 4,, 33, 7000,

14 ( 75% ), 1000, 2000, 1000, 3000,,,,,,,,,,,, 1300,,,,,,,,,,,1918 1 8, :,,,,,,,,,,1919 1 6

15, 1920 1 10,, 1 16, 11 15,,,, ;,, 20 20 30 30,,, 1946 4,,,, 1919 1 25,,,,,,1919 4 28, 13 ;

16 ;,,,,,, : (1),,,, (2) ; ;, (3),,, (4),,, (5),,

17 (6),,,,,,,,,,,, (7),,,,, (8), ( ) (9) ( ),

18,,, (10),,, :, ;, : ; ; ; 2/ 3, 42 ( 5 ), 29, 13,, 2/ 3,, 21, :, ;

19 (, ) ; 63, 1937 58, ;,,,, 1934,,, 1939,,, 5,, 30 1942, 20, 1/ 4 :,, :,, ( ),,,, 9 ;,

20,,,,,,, 2/ 3 ;, ( ), 1920,,,, 1926, 1934, 1935 1939,1939, 1939,, 1922,1926,1939 11,,,,

21,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ( ), 600,,,,,, 1920 1932, 1933 1940 ( ), 1922,, 11 1929, 15,

22,, ( ), :, ;,,,,, 27, ( 1) 1924,, (2) 1924 1929,,,, 1927, 1924 1928, ( 3) 1929 1935,, 30,

23,,,,,, (4 ) 1935 1939,,, 1939 9 (5) 1939,,,,,,,,,,,, 19,,,,

24,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 30, 1931,,,,

25,, 1935,,, ( ), 1936, 1938 1939,,,,,,,,,,, : (1) 20 60,,,, 190, 140,,,,,

26,,,,, ( ), 1987 1988, 21, 764 ( 3569, 18, 195, 4000 600, 70 ), 19, 20, (2),,,,,,, (3),, 1909,,,,,,

27,,,,,, :, ;,,, 20, : ( ) ( ) ( ),,,, ;,

28,,,,, :, ;,,, ;, ;, ;

29,,,,,,,, 27 28 4,,,,,,, 19

30,,,,,,,,,,, 1846 20 90,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

31,, 1946 2 1947 3, 40 : ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ), : ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

32,, (1) 20 60 70,,,,,,,,,, 1948 1949, 1945 5,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,

33,,,,,,,, 1946 9,, 1948 2 6,, :, ;,, ;,, 6 18 27,, B,,,,, 1948 3 20 6 19,,, 6 24,,,,

34, 11, 19.5, 158,,,, B 29,,, 1949 5 12,, 1949 8 20,, 10 7,,, 1949 8 1955 6,, 1958 1958 10 27,,, 11 10,,,,, 11 27,,,, 1995 8, 101

35,,, 6,, 1958 12 31,,, 1959 3 1961 7 10 1961 6,,,,, 1961 7,, 31.44,,,,, 32.47,, 7 3000, 8 1500, 11 12 2500, 8 13,, 4.2 160,,,,, 10

36 1949,,, 1958 1959, 1961,,, 1950 1953 1962 60, 1956, (2) 20 70 80,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

37, 26, 000, 47.41 ; 22, 000, 72.25,70,,,,,, 1983, ;, ; 1963 8 5,,, 1968 7 1, 115 1969 11 17 1972 5 27,, 1972 11 21 1979 6 18,, 70,, (1971 9 30 ) ( 1973 6 22 ) (1974 7 3 ) ( 1976 ) 1973 10, 1979, 40

38 11, 1984 1 1986 9, 35 ( ),,,,, ;, ;, ;,,,,,,, 1968, 1974 1975 (3) 20 80 90,,,,,,,, 1985 3 11,

39 1986 1 15,,,,, 1985 1991,, 1987 9 17, 12 8, 1991 7 31,,, 1987 9 15 14, 23,1990 11 19,, 1989 3, 1991 11 17 1992 3 4 1992, 1990 2 1992 3,,,,,,,,,,, 1991 7 1 1991 6 28,

40 10 3,, 1991 12 31,,,, (4) 20 90,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,

41 20 90, 1992 2 7, ( ), 1993 11 1 1999 1 1,, 1995 1 1,, 27 28,,,,,,, (GDP) 10, 70% 80%, 80%, 1999 3, 2003,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

42, ;,,,,, (NMD) (TMD),,,, 1972,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 17,,,

43,,,,,,,, ( ),,, : / / 1949 5 5,,,, : ( ) (, ) ( ) ;,,,

44, 100, (1950 ) (1961 ) ( 1972 ) ( 1977 ) 1949 :,,,, ( 60, 1961 ) : ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,, 20,, 1991 6 28, 9, 1952, 1967,,,, 1993 11, (, 1949 1 25,

45 1949 4, 12,, :, ( ), 1955 5 14,,,, 1968 1989,, 1990 9, 1991 7 1,, 1947 9, :,,,,,,, 1945 1980,, 1995, 103 104

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47 : ; ; ; ; 1991, 1997,, 44 : 1997 5,,, 1997 5,,, 1991 12 8, 12,,,,

48,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,

49,,,,,,,, : (1) :,,,,,,,,,,,, 1946 1986 40, 223, 5.57, 95% 1965, 104 1970 1982, 35,, (2),,

50,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3) 1957, 1965,1970, 1970 10 24, 1974, 1977, 1982,1984, (4),,, 1998, 201

51 20 70,,, 1968 23, 1972, 80 1991 12 4, 90, 1990 11, 1992,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 40

52 : (1),,,,,,,, 1961 8 13 1500,, (2),,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,

53,, 1949,,,, 1955,,,, (3),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

54,,,,,,,,,,,, 1948,,,,, 1947 1948 1950,,,,,,,,, ( ),

55,,,,,,, 20 10,,, ;, ;,,,, ( ) : (1),,, 1991 7 6, (2),,,,

56 1990 7, 1991 1999 1991 11,,, 20, 1999 4, 21 :,,,,,,,,,,,, 1999 3,,,,, (3),

57, 20 80,,,,,, ;,, 1993 1 1, 1993 11 1, 1999 1 1,,,,,,,,,,,,, 27 28 (4),,,, 20 60,,,,

58,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, :,, ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) 45,,,, :,,,

59,,, (5),,,,,,,,, 1991,, ; ;,, ;, ( ),,,,,,,,

60,,, : (1),,,,,,,,,, 21,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,

61,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2),,,,, 1999,,,,,, 1999 3, 78,, 20 80 1999 2000,,, 1999 8,

62, 1999 11,, 5,,,,,, ; 1998,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3) 40

63,,,,,,, 3000, 400, 1880 89, 40%,,,, 1999, 50 (4), : 1994 1 11,, 6 22,,,

64 5 27,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

65,,,,,, 2000,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (5), 11,,, :,, [ ], 1998 5 15,, 1999 12, 405

66,,,, :,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,, :,?,, :

67,,,,,, (6),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 4/ 1997,.36

68,,,,,,,, ( ) 1995 5, :,,,,,,,2000 3 28,, 4/ 1997,.37

69,,,, ( ) 1945, :,,,,,,,,,,, 250, 1939 72.473 1945 237.419, 90,

70 1946 1937 90%, 1938 4.71 1944 2.66, 40,, 1947 : 1400,, 45% 1944, 1938 20% 50%, 1/ 6,,,, 1/ 3 1946 70%,,,,, 2000, ( ),,,,,, 1957,

71, 1949,, 40, 1948, ;, ;1948,, ; 1960, ;1950,,,,,,,,,, 20 90 ( ),,, 15, 28 30,

72 1947 6 5,,,,,,,,, 1948 1950 5 9, 1951 4 18,,,,, 2. 1955 6 2,,, 1957 2, 3 25,, : A. ; B. ;C. ; D. ; E.

73 F., ; G. 1965 4 8, ( ),, ( ) 1. 1973 1980,,,, 1985 6,,, 1985 12 3, 12, ( ),, 20 80 90, 1991 12, ( ), 2. 1998 12 31,,,,

74 1999 1 1, 1997 6 18,, 1998 5, 11, 1999 1 1 1999 1 1, 2000 6, 2002,,, ( ), 40, 1. 1958,, 40,,,,, 1968 8, 20 70,,,,,,

75 41% 80 50%,,,,,,,,,,, 2. 1993, 15 1997, 2% 3%, 2000, 17 15 3.4%, 2001 3%,, 1997 10.6% 2000 8.5% 15 ( ) ( % ) 1997 89515 1998 91940 2.7 1999 94101 2.3 2000 3.4 2001 3.1 1995 1995 2000 2001 : OCED: MainEconomicIndicators, August2000. OCED: EconomicOutlooks, No.67, June2000.,

76 17, 593 ( 1997 25, 779 ; 1998 38, 1818 ),,, 1998 95% 98%, 3.2%,, 1998 4.7%, 3. (1), 1998 11 3750,,, 10%, 1300, 2000 (2), 3,,,, (3),,,, (4),,

77 (5),,,,,, ( ) 1. ( ),, (1), 1990 12, 3.27, 2.5 1.24 1998, 11 54310, 57200, 36130 ;, 18.8%, 15.3% 11.6%, 1998, 6440,,, 1997 1998, 1260 2300, 2180 3860,, 1/ 4 (2), 1/ 5, 18%, 1/ 10, 80%,

78 2. (1),,,,,,,,,, 40% 50%, 30% 40%, (2),, 3. ( ) ( ),, :,,,, 1960 1 4,, 5, 1993,

79, 3180, 2.17, 6%, 60,, 1972 7,, 5,, 1977 1,, 1984 4,,,,,, 1990 6 1991 10,,, 1993 1 1 19 1993,,, 1992 5,,,,, 116.7, 1.23,

80 20 50, 50 60,,, 70, 1970 1980,, 84.2 326.2, 10 2.8, 1989, 1991 6, 40% 80% 1990 1991,, 11, 90,, 1991 12 1994 12, ( ) 1990 1999 110, 1998 3,,,, 15 15,,,,,,,

81, 1994 6,, 4.,1963 1969 18, 7.5 10 1975, 46,, 1979 1984 1989, 68, 1993 1995, 955.08 1197.12, 25.3% 1995 11,,, 1996 2000 113 ( 146.9 ) ( ), 1990,, 1994 2010,1995 15,,, 27% 32% 1/ 3 20 70,,,

82 80,,,, 1994,, 1996 3,, ( ),,,, 77, ( ) 20 70, 1975,, 80, 90, 90,,,,,

83 ),,, ( ),, ;,,,,,,, 20 90,,, 20 80,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

84,,

85,,,, 19 20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

86, 20 70, 1961 4 1962,,, 70 80, 70 300, 70 80,, ( ) 1983 10,, 11 2, 60 12 12, 1986 6,, 11, 1987,, 1989 11,, 12 3, 675,

87, 1992 1 17 1989,,, 1991, 1992,, 1994,,,,, 1991,,, 10, 46, 1993 10 11, 200, 10 13,,,,,, 1994 7 31,,,,,,, 10 15, 10 15

88, 1948, 1823 31, 10 1962,, 60,,,, : ;, ; ; ; ; ; ;,,,,,

89,, 1947, 1951, 1954, 10, 1962, 8,, 1964 1965 10, 70,,,, 1969,21,, 1971,22 200 9, 20, 1975,, 11, 1975 7,,,

90 1976 6,, 1977 6, 1979 11,,, 70 80, 1980,, 1980 11, 1981 12,,,,,,,,, 1987 1982,, 20 90,,, 1996,1991 1080,,,

91,, 1947,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 90,, 1991, 3%, 1997 1999 4.3% 80, 90,,, : ( )

92,,, 1894 100 20 90, 116, 60 107,,, 1999, 2/ 3, 1999, 4.5 2, 9000, 1999 0%,,,, 1997, 8110, 4180, 4345, 4660,,,, ( ),,, 1996, 60%, 80%,

93 1991 1997 1998, (1999 197 ) (1999 7493.1 ) ;, ( ),,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 50,, 1951,,, 10,, 60, 20,

94,, 90,,, 1998 4,,,1994 12, 2005, 8.5, 13 1998 4,, 2005,,,,,,, GDP 1.5 ( ),, 20 80,

95 1990 1998, 1000,,,,,, ( ) 1990 10, 12 ( ),,, 80,,,,,,,,,

96 ) 1980, 11,, 1986,, 1987,, 80, 90,,,, 1991 30,,,,,, ( ), 1975 10, 23,, 27,, : ;, ;, ; ; ; ;

97 12, 27,,, ; ;, ;,,,, 1985 12,,,,,,,, ( ) 1986 7, 1988 11,, 2000 1990 8,, ( ) :, ; ;,, 1991 1 1 40%, 7%,

98, 59% 51% 44%,,,,,, 1998 4, 2000 1,, 12,,,, 2002 1 ( ) 1968, :,, ;, ;, ; ; ; ; ; ;,, 80,, 1990 11,

99,,, : ( 1),,,, 1968 1978, 6000 9.2 ( 2 ), (3) ( 4), (5) 2000 6,, 2005,,, ( ) 1951 10 14,,,,,,, 1960 12, ( ), 1962,, 20 80,,

100, 1986 1987,, 1987,,,, 1990 6,, 1992 1991 7,, 40 1993 10,, 1997 8,,,,,,, 2000 5,,, 18 6 17,,, ( ) 1968, 13 1973 8 1,,,

101, 80,,, 1989 7, ( ) 80, 1991, 1992 10,, 1994 1 1,,,,,,, 2010,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),

102, 1995 ( ), 90,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

103,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 90,,

104 ( 1990 1995 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

105,,,,,,,,,,

106,,,,,,, 20 90,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50 :

107,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( )

108 1956 1960,,,, 1960 1951, 1956, 1957, 1958,, 60,, 1960 : ( ) ( ), 1961 1968, 16 : ( ) 70,, ( ) 90,,,,,,

109,,,,,,,, 1958 12,, :,,,,,,,, 1960 ( ) 1964 11, ( ), : 1964 11 24 26 60,, :,,,,,,,, 1976 1 30,, 10 30, 3000,

110, 1977 1978,,,, 1978, 3815, 7640, 37, 275, 10,970,,,,,,,,,,,, 80,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

111 ( ),,,,, 1990 1994, : (1),, 80, 10,,,,,, 435,,, (2),,,,, :,,,,

112,,,,,,,,,,, (4),,,,,,,,,, 1997, 53 40,,,,,,, 90, 30, 16, 1992, 1/ 3

113 : (1),,, (2), 1991 12 ;,, ;, (3),,,,, : (1),,, 470,,,, : (2),

114,,,,,,,,, 120, 250,,,,,,,,, (3),,,,,, (4),,,,,

115,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, : (1),,,,

116,,, 1957 7 30, 13,, 1956,, 1958 1961 7 22,, 8 21,,,, 1963 60,, 1960 12 14, 89 9 : ; ;,,,, 1961, 17,, :,,, 1946,

117 8 26, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1978 9 29, 435,, 80,, 1988 12 22,, 435 1988 12 22 1989 2 16, 626 628 629 632, 1990 3 21, (2), 1960,, 7,,,, 7 15,,, 1962 8,, 1962 12 28,, 1963 2,, (3)

118 1974,,, 1979, 1976 2 1988 8 15,, 11 22, 43/ 33, 1990 6 27,,, 1991 4 29, 690,, 1991 9,,,,, (4), 1948, 1960, 3 21, 1976 6 16 1974 29, 1994,, (5),,,

119 1992 1 23, 4 24, 751, 9 14,, 12 3 794,, 1993, 3 26, 814,,,, 1995 3,,, 1959,, 1963 1967 1973 1990, 1993 6 22, 846, 10 5 872,,,,, 200, 1994, 7,,, 1976, 1992,, 1994 10,,

120 ), 1963 30,,, : (1),, 1963 5,, ( ),,, 1964 ( ),,, 1972 50%, 1973 1,,,, 10 10,,,, 1975,

121 47, 1980 4, 7,, 1990 3,,,,, 1994 (2),,,,1963 : 1964 7,,, 21, 1993 1 :,, ( ), 1963 1967 1,, ( ),,,,,, 1973 (3),

122 1991 5,,, 1992 3,,, 6, : ; ;, 1993 6,,,,,,, 1996 6,,, 7,,,, 11,,,,,,

123,,,, ;,,,, 1989 12,,, 1990 8, ( ),, 1993 7,,, 1996,,,,, 60 750,,

124 1997 5, 1998 3 10,, 5,,, 21, : (1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

125, (2),,,,,,,, 21,,,,, 1999 7 12 14,, 20, 53 46,, 2000,,, : (1),, 1999 9,

126, (2) 1993,,,, 1999,, (3),,,,,, ;,,,,, (4),, ;,,,

127,,,,,, 49, 34 235, 65,,, 40%, 51 1984, 100,,,,,,, ; ; ;

128, : ;, ;, : (1),,,,,, 1 56 (2),, 45% 50%, 60% 80%,, 15%, 10%,, 34%, 7% ; 32% 5% ; 28% 5% ; 30% 8%,, (3),,,,,,

129,,,,,,,,,, 80,,, 40,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, : (1), 60%,,

130, 80,, 3%,,, 1990 1993, 56 1998,,, ( 3500 ), 1997, 110,, 1998 5.4, 1500 2.6%, 2.2%, 1995 2002 26 (2),,,,,,1997 64, 3%, 90% 1998 6440, 83, 1.3%,, 1992, 20%, 1999, 3360,

131 20,, 2001, (3),,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, (4),,,, 10, 80 : :,

132,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,, 20 70,, 1973 1979 1980 80, 90,,,

133,,,,,, 20 80, 200, 160,,, 10 :,,, 1980 2000 10 ; 10,, 20 90, 1991 6,, 1994 5 2/ 3,,, :, ;,,,, 34,

134, 1997 6,,, 1999, 9,, 2001 2000 7,,,,, 10 2, 2000 4 30, ; 2004, 2000,,, 2005, 1996,,, 1990 5% 1996 17.4% 1999 21%,,,,

135,,,

136, 47,, ( ),, 2777, 20.4%, 31.7, 58.7%,, ;, ;,,,,,,,

137,,,, ;, ;, ( ),,, ( EU) (OSCE) -,, ;, (NATO),, ( EUQRF),,,,,,, (OAS), 1965 ( ),, 70, OAS OAS( ),,

138,,,,,,,, OAU( ) ;,,,,,,, 9, 1962, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

139 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 1949,,,, ( ) 12, ; ; :,, 2001 1 1954, 1958 1995,,

140 ;, 2001 4,,,, ( ) : 1995,,,,, 2001 12 13,,,,, ( ),,,,,,

141,,, 2000 9,,, 9.11, 21,, ( ),, 400, 60,,, ;,, TMD,,, : (1 ) TMD TMD THEATER MISSILE DE- FENSE,,,,, TMD,,, TMD,,,, TMD,,,, ;

142 TMD,,,,,, TMD,,,, (2),,,,,,,,,, (3),,,,,,, 1999 ;,,, ; ; ;, TMD,,

143,,,,, 20 70 90, (institution vacancy),,,,,,1997 7, 2 3,,

144,,,,, : ;,,,,,,,,,

145, (1) 80,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1992 7,,, 1994,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

146,,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,, 1997 7,,,,, 1993 7,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,

147 ;, ;1994 2,,,,,,,, ;,,, (3),,,,,,,,,,, 1997 15 10,

148,,,,,,,,,,, (ARF) ( CSCAP ), 1990, 1991 6, 1992 1, 1993 5 7, ( ) ( ) ( ) 1994 5,

149 1996,,,,,,,,,, 1990 1994,,,, 1993 4,, 1996 1997,

150 1998 3,,, 200, 20,,, 1891 1947 0.37%,,,, 1947,, 1947 8 16,, 1971,,,,,,,,

151 : ; ; ; ;, ;,, ;,,,, GDP GDP, 1965 1 13, 1988 1 27 20%, GDP 2%, 1%?,,, :,?,,?, :,70,,, 80, : ;,,,,,, 1978 9

152 ), ( ),,,,,, :, 60% ; 40% ; 20%, 1985,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 1985 17,,,, 10,

153,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 1966 1 10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

154,,,,,,, 1986 11 16 17,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 2005,,,, ;

155,,, 21,,,,,,,,, 1995 12 4 5,, S. 1996 4 2 :, :?,,,,,,,, 1993,?,, ;,,

156,,,,,,,,, 20 60 70,,,, 1992,,,,, : 1999 8

157,,,,,,,,,, 1997 4 ;1999 2,,,,,,,, 1996 10,, ; 2000 8,,,,,,, 2001 3,,,,

158,, :,, :,,,,,,,, 1996 1995 20%,1997 31,,1996 2102, 436 1997 l 9, 46,,,,, 1996 4,,, (1997 ),, 1999, 338 340

159, ( ),, 2001 6,,,,,,,, (1), 80,, 1996 4 26,, 1997 4 24,,,,,,,, 1998 7 3 4,,,,,,

160 1999 8 25,,, 2000 7,,, ( ),,,,,,,, (2),,,,,,,,, 2000 7,,,,, 5,,, 2000 7 6

161, 1999 2, 8 2000 8,,,,,,,,,,,, 1999 8 25, : ( ),,, 2000 7 5,,,,,,,,

162 3,,,, 2001,,,,,,, ( ) 2001 6 15,,,,, 1996 4 26, 2000,,,, 2001 6 15,,, ;,,,,

163,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

164,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2001,,,,,,, : (1),,,,,, (2),,,,,

165 (3),,,,, (4),, (5),,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,

166 :, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

167,,,,,, : ;,,,, ;,,,, ;,, ; ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :

168,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2),,,,,,,, : ; (3),, (4),,,,,

169,, 1950 60,, 70 80,, 80,,,,,,, (5),,,,,,20,,,,

170 50,,, ;,, 1949 1970, 1949,,,, 1945 6, 1949,,,,

171,,,,,,, : (1),,,,, 1950 9,,,,,, 1951,, 1960,, : ; (2),, 1960, 42, 34, 22

172 8 1961,,,, 2/ 3 60,, 1970, 25,,,, 1950, 1949 11 16 12 2, 12 117, ; 12, 1950, 1950 5 15 5 5,,,, 1951 3,

173, 1953,,,,, 1955,,,1956,,,,, :, 1957 1 11, 83,,, 50 60, 1955, ; 1956 6, 10 ; ( ) ( ),,,

174 1978,,,, : (1),, 1967 10,, 1970 :,, (2),,,,,,,,,,,,, 1971 10 25, 59 55 15 76 35 17 23, 2758,

175,,,, 1972 1973 11,, 1975 3,,1978 7,,, 1973 12,, 1975 5, ; 9, ; 1978 4,,,, 1979,,,,

176, 1980 2,, 1983 1986, :, 1984 1 1, 10, 1985, 1986,,, 1984 5,, 9 1983,,

177, 1980 1, ;1980 3, ; 1980 4, ;1980 5,,,, 1982 11,, 1984 12,,, 1985 5,, 1986 3, 114,000,, 70, 1981,, 1984 1 1982,,, 85% 1986 7,,, 1986 7,

178 2001 11,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1949 10 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1971

179, 70,,,,, 1966,, 1983,, 1985,,, 1985 11 26,,,, 47,, 1894 1922,1932, 1952,,, 1958 1979 11,,,, 1979,, 1998 1,,,, 1991 9,, 1996,,,,

180, 1991 5,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 1., 1945 1949,,, 1949 1971,, 1/ 4, 1971,,,,,

181,, 1980,,,, 1971 1995, 21 49, 71 1013,,,,, :,,, 1979 12, 80 1989 2, 1980 1 5 7,,,,, 80 ; 1983 10,,,,

182 60 70,,, 1981,, 16,,,,,,,, 1990 1 8, 1991 10 23,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,, ;

183,,,,, (1) 21, 25 1975 1989 15, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 1979 1985, 1984, 1988,,,, 1989 1992,,, 1994,,, 1998 3,,

184,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2),, 1961,,, 10,,,

185,,,,,, 70,,,,, 80,,,,,, 90,,,, 1991, 1996,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 1998 5,, 1500 90,,,

186,,,,,,,, (3) 1945 3 22, 21,,,,, 1993 10 16, 1993 5,, 21,,, 1998 9 17, :, ;,,,,

187 ( ) 1963 5 25, 32 50,, 1973 3, :,,,,, 1978, : ( ), 20,,,, : 1. 1980,,,

188 13.5, 16.5 1980 ( :, ) 1986, 1981 1993, 5, 30 1997, 280.68, 185, 900, 89,95,,, 70% ( 1) 1 1981 1997 ( ) ( % ) 49 77.42 27.9 34 63.58 22.7 27 57.37 20.49 25 22.29 7.96 22 29.71 10.36 19 26.88 9.6 8 2.48 0.89 :, 26

189, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

190, 1979 1990,, 40 ;,, ( ), 3.,,, 1988 1994 1996,, 1991,,, 1981, 80, 20

191,, 1997 2020, 21 ( ),,, ( ),,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,, 1987,,,,

192,,,,,, 1991, APEC, APEC 1993 APEC, APEC,,,, APEC 10 APEC, APEC, ; APEC, APEC APEC, APEC, APEC 2. ( ),

193,,,,,,,, 3.,, 1972,, 1973 1986, 1480 1147 1992, 2709, 1824, 1978,,,, : ( 1),

194, 4720, 1985, 33, 680, (2), 1984, 70 100 1985, 75, 1310 ( 3),,, 1985, 34, 1994 1,, 1200 1999, 1313, 1997 7,,, 10, 3,,, 4.,,

195,1983,, 9 1986,, 25, 144 1997 10 29 31, 15 100 1997 9,,, 2001 10 15 21 9.11, WTO, APEC, APEC,,,, 15

196,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, ;,,,

197 1920 1,,,,,, 15,, 1939, 1946 4,, 1945,

198 6 12,,,,,,,,, 1941 8,, 8 26,, 1941 1 22,,, 1942 1 1,26,,, 1943 10, 1943 10 30, :,,,

199, 1943 12 1, :,, 1944, 1944 8 21 9 28, ;, 9 29 10 7, 1944 8 10,,,,,,,,,, 16,, 1945 2,,, 2 11, : : 1945 4 25

200 1945 4 25 50 ( ) 282, 1500, 111 6 25,,,, 10 24, 1946 1 10 2 14,, :, (General Assembly), 1.

201 ;,,, 2.,,, 2/ 3, 3. 9,, 12,,, 100,, 21,, 1956 1957 1974 1975 1978 1980,, 24 : 4.,

202 ; ;,, ;, ;, ;, ;,, ( The Security Council) 10 10,, 1965 8 31 10 1965, 1966 1 1,,,, 1. :,, ( )

203, : (1),, ( ) (2),, ( ) (3), ( ) (4),, ;,,, ( ) (5),, ( ) (6), ( ),,,, ( ) (7),,,,, ( ) (8),,

204 ) (9),,,, ( ),,, ( ),,,,,, ( ) (10), ( ),, ( ) (11),,, ( ) (12), ( ),,, ( ) (13), ;,,,

205 ),,, : (1 ) ( Pacific Settlement Measures ), ( 2 ) (Enforced Measures), : (1),,,,, 1947 7,,, ;,,,1949 7,,,, 1947 1948 1,,, 1949 7,,, 16, 1963 ; 1994,,, (2)

206,,, ;,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 1948 6,,,, : 1949 ; 1956 6 ; 1991 4,,,

207, ;,,,, 1956 1, 1956, :1960 1964 ; 1962 1963,,,, 1995, 35, 172 75 150,, 1988 :,,, (Military Action and Nonmilitary Action) ( Judicial Enforcement Measures ) (1),, : (Economic Sanctions ) ; (Arms Embargoes ) ; ( Severance of Diplomatic Relations) ; ( Interruption of Rail, sea

208 and Air ( Interruption of postal, Telegraphic, radio and other communications), 1945 1995 5, 14, 10, 1966 12 16 232, ;1977 12 4 418, 20 90,,,,, ; : ; ;,, (2),,,, 1995, : 1993 2 22, 808,, 1995,

209 12 8, 955,,,,, (3),,,, : ; ; ;, 1950 7 4,, 84,,,, 1990 8 2,,,, 1990 12 29, 678,,,

210,, 2., ( ; ; ; ;, ), 15 ;,,,,,, 9,,,,, 1946 1990 5, 279 20,, 1963, 108, 100 1955 12 13, 15,, Mr.No ( ) 70,, 1970 3 17, 1970 1975

211, 12,, 80 1981,, 16,, 16 16, 16,, 80 157, 3/ 4,,,, (Hidden Veto),,,,, 80,,,,,,,

212,,,, ( the Economic and Social Council), ;, 54,, 18, 18, 1963 27, 1971 54 : 14 11, 10 13 1., : (1) ; (2) ; (3), ; (4), 2.,, ;

213 (1) : (2) : (3) : 4.,,, 18, : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ( the Trustee Council),, 11 1977, 11, 10,,

214,, 11 : (1) 1957 3 6 (2) 1960 4 27 (3) 1960 1 1 (4) 1961 6 1 ; (5) 1960 7 1 (6) 1961 12 14, 1964 4 28 (7) 1962 1 1 (8) 1968 1 31 (9) 1962 7 1, (10) 1975 9 16 (11) (International Court of Justice),,,,,

215 : ; ; 1. 15,15,,,, ( ) 2., ( the Secretariat ),, 145,,,, ; ; ; ; ;

216 2821 ( 1946 12 31 ) 10, 000 :, ; :,,,, (1946-1953 ) ; ( 1953-1961 ), ; ( 1961-1972 ) ; ( 1972-1981) ; ( 1982-1992) ; (1992-1997) 90,,, (1),,,, 50,,,,,

217,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1995 50,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

218,,,, (2),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

219,,,,,,,, 1993 12,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1992 1 31,, 1992 12 11, 1993 6 30, 69 1945, 11, ( ) 51, 1 4.6 1 10.2 1963 113,,

220, 1 7.5 1995, 185, 15, 1 12.3, 15 19 25,,,,,,,,, 50,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

221,,, ( ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50,,,, : ( 1),,, ; (2 ),,, ; ( 3),,,,,

222 ),, 1956,,,,,, :, ;, ;,,,, ;, ( ),, 1992 1 31,,, 6 17,,, 23 10, :

223,, ;, ; ; ; ;, :, ; ; ;, ;,, ; ;, ;,, 1992,,,,,

224 1995, 5000 6, 6 36 1994, 29.37, 21,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,

225,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2/ 3,,

226,,,,,, (1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 17,,,,,,,,,,,

227 10, (2),,,,,,,,,, (3) 1994, 185,,,,,,,, (4),,,,,,

228,,

229 1.,, 30, 2.,,, ;, 1942 1943 3,, : ;, ;,

230,, : ; ;,, ; : 137 ;, 10 ; ; 1943,, 1944,,, 1944 7 1, 44 750,, ( ) 1945 12, 1946 3, 1947 3 1 1949 6 3. (1) :, 1992, 156 ;

231 : ;, ; 20% (2) :,, ;,, ;,,, ;, ;,, ;,,,, (3),, :,, (4), : 1934 35, 0.888671,,,,,

232,, 0.16, : 0.888671 0.16 = 5.55419,,1 = 5.55419, 5.55419 1,,,, 1%, 1971 12, 2.25%,,,,,, 4. 60,,,,,,,,, 1971 8 15,

233 12 ; 1973,,, 1. 1971 8 12,,,,, 1% 2.25%, 14 1973,,,,, 1976,,,, 1978 4,, (1),,, (2),, 85%,

234,, 1973 (4),,,,, 2.,,,,, : (1) :,,,,,,,,,

235,,,, ;,, (2) 1973 2,,, (3),,, 1982 6, 60, 1954,,

236 370, 1966 8,,, 1967 8,, 1967 1969 9,, 24,,,,,,,,1 0.888671 ( ), 1971 12 1 1974 7, 1 1974 :,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,

237,,,,,,,, (1981 ) : 1 0.888671, 1 : 1 = 1 1971 1973, : 1 = 1.20635 1 = 0.82894,,, 1972,,,,, 1973 5 5, 20,,, 1974 7 1,,,, :

238 7 1 1980 12 31 ), 16, :, 1% 16,,,,,,,, 1979 7 1, 1972 1976,,, 1981 1 1, 16,, 1980 4,, 16,, 42%, 19%, 13% 1975 1979 : ( 1), 1975 1979 ; (2),

239 9,, 1981 1 1,, : 42% ; 19% ; 13% ; 13% ; 13%,,, 1 : 1980 12 31 3, 1 : 1, 0.54 0.46 0.74 0.071 34, 1, 1981 1 1,, 1,, 1981 1 2, : 5 1981 1 2 0.5400 1.00000 0.540000 0.4600 1.9700 0.2330293 0.7400 4.56000 0.1622807 0.0710 2.37800 0.168838 34.000 202.8700 0.165595 1.271743, 1 1981 1 1,1 = 1.27

240 : 6 ; ; 85%,1981 1 1 1980 12 31, ( 1970 1972 ), 17% 11%,,, :, :, 1.

241,, 24 ( ) 15, 1/ 4 2/ 3,, 9, 1953,,,, 2. 24,,, ( ), ( ) ; 19

242 24 1980 9 16 ; 1978,, 24,, 18 16 :, 3. (Managing Director),,,,,,, 1.,, 1992 8, 156, 41 2.,,

243, 75%,, 1999, ( ) 10 : 371.493, 133.128, 130.082, 107.385, 107.385, 70.555, 69.855, 63.692, 51.624, 46.872 2120 250, 100, 000 1 1999 371.493, 371, 743 ( 19.66% ) 62.32% 37.68%, 60.44% 39.56%,, 85% ( ),, 2000, 7, 6

244 (1),,,,, (2),,,,,, (1),, (2), (3),,

245, (4),,,, ( ),,,, : (1), 0.5%, ; (2), 0.25% ; (3), 6.25%, : (1) (2),

246,,, 500 (1),,, (2), 25%,, 25%, 25%, 50%,,, ; ;,,,, 3 3, 1, 8,

247 (3) ( ),, (4) 1963,,,,, 100%,, (5) 1969 6,,,,,, : ; ; 50% (6) 1974 9,,,,, 12,

248 ) 140%, 165%,, 12, 10 (7) 1977 8 29, :, ;, ;, (8) 1981 3 11, 1981 5 7,,, 3,,, (9) 1975 8 1 18, 1975, 1973 1974,, 24

249 1976 5 6,,,,,,,, 0.5%,, 10 5 1, 10 (11) 1980 12 17,,,

250,,,, ;,,, ;, ;,, : ; ;, ( 6 ) ( 6 ) 2., : ;,,,,,,

251 2 3, 1989 1990, 73, 34 164 ;, 19, : ; ; ; 1989, 152 6800,, ( IMF),,, IMF, 1997, IMF

252 :, 90 1997 2, 1994, (1) 1997 2,,, 7 2,, 20%, 10.5% 12% (2),,3 3% 10 17, 19 20,, (3) 11, 1 860 12 22 1 2200 ; 10, 1997 2,, 12, 48%

253 10,,,, 11,,,,,? 1997 7, IMF, IMF, IMF, 1997 8, IMF 1997 11 17,,,, IMF, ;, 11 26, IMF 200 IMF,,, IMF 12 3, IMF, 570, IMF21 100 40 220, 52 500, IMF 170 400,, IMF

254 (1) : 1998 1999 GNP 1%, 1998 5% ; GDP 1998 3%,1999 (2) :, ; ; 1998 5% ;, (3) : 1998,, ;, ; (4) :,, ;, ; : A., ; B. ; C. ; D. ; E. ; F., ; G., 12 3 IMF,,,,, 2 3

255 1980, ;,, ; ;,, ; IMF, IMF,,, IMF, : IMF, : :, :,,,, ;,,, ( ),,,, IMF, IMF?

256 IMF,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ;,, IMF, : ;, ; IMF?

257 (1),,,,, 5%,, (2),,, IMF,,,,,,,,,,,, (3),,,,, ;,,,,,,,

258,,, (4),,,,,,, IMF,,, (5),,,,,,,, IMF,,,, IMF,, IMF, IMF,

259, IMF, : ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, IMF,,,,,,,,,,,, IMF,,

260,,, IMF, IMF, IMF, IMF,, IMF,,, IMF,,, IMF,, IMF,,, IMF,,,,,, 1980,,

261, 1971,, 1980 4, 4 17,, 5.5,, 3 16 1980 4, 5.5 18 1983, 18 23.9 1992, 33.852, 2.35%, 11 2.29%, 1999, 46.87,,,,,, 2000, 7

262,,,, 13.25, 16.5 1980,,, 4.5, 3.05, 1982 1983,,, 1983 8 1990,,,, 80,,,1986 5.97725 1991,, 1980 1992 10, 20, :

263,,,,,,,, 1980 1992 10, 85,,,,,, 24,,,

264,,,,, 1986, (1987, ),,,,,,,,,,, 1988 8,,,, 1986 11,,

265,,, 1990 1,,,

266 (World Bank) ( World Bank Group ), ( International Bank for Reconstruction and Development - EBRD) ( International Development Association - IDA) ( International Finance Corporation - IFC),,,,,, 1945,, 1944 7 1, 44, 7 22,

267 1945 12 27, 44 29 1946 6 25 1960 9 50,,,,,,,,,,, 1956 7,, ;,,, 1957 1952,, 1956 7 20, 31, 7,837,, :,,,,, :,,

268, 80% 410 ;, 1981 6 15,, 1944, 1945 12 31,,, ; 1992 9, 156 1998, 181 : 22, ; 109,, 1994, 158 1994, 165 1949,

269 1969 1980 5 15,, 1., 100, 1944 7 1 1979, 700 156 10 :, 20%, 80% 1980 1, 7.5%, 6.75%, 10% 1999,, (1984 6 31 43.833 ), 1714, 200 80, 1983, 1999/ 2000,, 1118

270 250, 250 1979 250 250 250, 2. 1960 10 7.63 17, 2.36 1965 : (1965 1968), 7.45 ; ( 1969 1971 ), 12.71 ; (1972 1974 ), 24.41 ; ( 1975 1977 ), 45.01 ; ( 1978 1980 ), 77.32 ; ( 1981 1983),120 ; (1985 1987), 90 23, 500 5000, ; 10%, 90% 500, 1984 6 30, 304 63.38% ; 175.7,

271 3. 65, 1000 1984 9 30, 57.59, 5.44, 250, 1984 4961, 4, 961,000 ;, 9115, 0.75% (1) ( Board of Governors ),,,,, 9,, (2) ( Executive Directors ), 24,, 19,,,,,

272, :,,, 6000,,, 29,,,,, : (1) (2), ;,,,

273 (4),,, ( 35% ) (5),,, (6),,, (7),, ( IBRD Loan ),, 15 20, 20, (, ) 0.25% (, ) ;, 0.75%,,1983

274 IDA Credit),, 50, 10, ( 10, ) ; 0.50% ; 0.75%,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;, : 410,, ; 410 806,, ( Blend) 806,

275 410,, 70 50,, 200,, 32%,, 115.29, 38.33%,, 20, 2/ 3 10, 70,, 60 23% 70 40%,, 40,,, : (1) :,, (2) :,

276 ;, (3) :,, (4) : (5) :,, 6 7 (6) :,,,,,

277, 50, 10, 0.75% 15 20, 5, 9.89%,, 13%,, 1984, 982,,,, (1),,,,, (2),, ;,,,,, (3),

278,,,,,,, 1965,, 15% 1974, 370, 7.5%,,,,,,,,,,,,

279 ) :,, ;,,, ;,, ( ),, : 2.5%, 1 6 16.7% 24.7% 22.8% 16.8% 10.7% 5.8%,,, 1980 7 1,,,, ( 41 ),,,, 1944

280, 44, 178, : ; 50,,,, 1960, ( 1960 1969 ),,, : (1) 240, 100 700 1996 6, 3776.8,, 30 50,, 70 765,, 1971 1993, 20 66.5% 76.5% (2)

281 1974,, (3),, 80,,,, (4), 1955,,, :, ; ;,

282,,,, 80 ;90, (GEF ),,,,,,, 50, ;,,,,,,,,,,,50, -,,,

283,,,, 70,,,,, GNP 2% 4%, 2% 0.7%,,,,, 77,,,

284 40%,,,,, 70,,,, 80,,,,,,, 80, IBRD 18%, IDA 12%,,, 90,,, 90,

285,,, 90, 1990 10 50 ; ; ; ; ;,, 60 80 90, 80 80,,,,

286, 10, ( ) 50,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

287 1989,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 90,,,, 1994,, 2270,,

288,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 80,, 1949 1980, 31,, 1971 26, 1980 4,, 5 15,,,

289,,, 1980 1980,, ;,,,, 1980 1989 ; 1981 2, 1989 13.5, 12 1989 1992,, 1990 5.9,, 1992 25.3, 1993 1993,, 30,,

290 (1) 1981, 2001 6 30, 350, 234, 110,, 1996,, 16, 297, 54.80%, 13, 249,, 48,, (2),, 1980,, :, ;,, ;,, ;,,,

291 : (1),,,,,,,,,, (2),,,,,,,,, (3),,,,,, (4),,,,

292,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (6),,,, (1), 1997 9 23 25 52,, 181, 14, 000,

293, (2),,,,, 1997,, :, :,, (3 ) 2001 12 12,,, 55,,,,,,,

294,, 1999, 4000, 5.8,,,,,, 52,,,,

295,,,,,,,, 1890, 1910, 1930,, 1929 1933,,, 1934, 50%

296,,,,,,,,,,, 19 20,,, 1946 2,, 10,,, 1947 4 23, 23, 123,,,,, 1947 10 30, 23,23,,, (

297, 1948 1 1, 23 1992 105, 70, 2/ 3 90%, 1., 34, 38, :, ; ; ; 1965 2. 1992 10, 105, 23 11 2/ 3,,, 27,,

298 11,,,, : 1., ;,, 2.,,,,, :, ;, (

299 3. :,,,, ( ),, 4.,,,, 5. :,,, ( ) ( ) ( ),,

300,,,,,, 7.,,,, 8. 9.,,, 10.,,,,,

301 ( ) : (1),,,,, (2), (3),,, (4),,, (5), (6),,,,,,

302,, 1975 46 94.2%,, 1988 1 (7),,,, 30 (8) 1974, (9), 1955,,,,,, 1.

303 4 10,, 18,, 10 30, 1948 3,, 4 21, (2 ),, 5 21, 30,, 1950 3, 1965 1 1, 22,,,,,, 2. 1971,,,, 1980 8 3,,, 1982 1983,1984 11,

304 1 10, ;1986 7 11, ( WTO),,, 1995 1 1 1993 12 15,, 1994 4, 1994 4 15,, (GATT) 152,76, 50, (1994 128 ), ;,

305 trade in ideas), : ( multilateral tradeorganization) ( plurilateral, ),,,,,,, (1) (Ministerial Conference),, :, (2) (General Council)

306 :,, ;,, :, 1994 ;, ;, (3) (Committees),, ;,,, ;, ; 10 (4) ( General Director ), : ( ),,, (5) (The Secretariat), 450, :

307, ; ; ; 1999 5, 30,,,,,,, : 3/ 4, 3/ 4 ; 3/ 4 ; 2/ 3, 2/ 3, ; 2/ 3 2/ 3, : (1),,,

308 20 40,,,,,,,, (3),,,,,,,, (4),,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,

309, 1999 5 1, 134 20, 95% 2001, 144, 1., (original members ) (acceding members ) (1), 1947,, 1994,,,, : ; ;,,

310 (2),,,,, 2/ 3,,, ;,,,,, ;,,, : ;,,, 2.,,

311,,, : ;, ; (1),,, (2),, (3),, (4) (5),,,

312,,, 2/ 3 (7) 30,,, : ( principle of nondiscrimination),,, ( ),,,,

313 ( ), ( principle of customs duties as means of protection),,,,,,,, ; ( principle of fair trade), (principle of fair competition),,,,,,,,,

314,,,,,, ( principle of preferential treatment), ( principle of non - reciprocal treatment),,,,,,, ;,, ;,,, ( principle of transparency)

315,,,, ( principle of consultation and consensus),,,,,,,,,

316,, ( understanding on rules and procedures governing the settlement of disputes) 27, ( ) : ;, ; ;, (1) 1947 :, (2),

317 (4),,,,,, : ; ; ;,,, :,, ; ;, :,

318 (consultation),, 10, 30,, 10 20, 2. ( good of fices, conciliation and mediation),,,, 3. (arbitration),,,, 4. (panel procedures ),, 15,,,

319 5. (Appellate Review),,, 30 6., 30, 7., ;, ;,,, ;,,,,,

320,,,,,,,,,,,, WTO WTO, WTO, : 1994,, 1992 82%,,

321,,, 130,,,,,,,,, 2005 WTO, :,,,,, 900

322,,,, :, ; ;,,,,, 1999,,,,, WTO,,,,, ( ),,,

323,,,,,,,,,,, WTO,,,, WTO, WTO, 2005, WTO :,, ;, ;, ; (5 ),,,,,,,,,,, WTO,,

324,,,,, WTO 2006 7 1 25%, 10%, ;,, ; ; ; ; ;,,, ;,, WTO ( ) WTO 1.WTO WTO,, ;, WTO,,,WTO 2. GATS :,

325 : GATS, : :,,,,,,, 3., : 4.,, : 50%,

326 ) WTO 1.WTO (1) WTO,,,,,,,,, (2), WTO WTO,,,,,,,,,, (3),,,,

327,,,,, (4) WTO WTO,, ;,, ;, ; (5 ) WTO, WTO, WTO, ; ; ;,, 2. WTO WTO, : (1) WTO, ;, ;,,,,,,,,

328,, (2) WTO,,,,,,,,,, (3) WTO,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,

329 WTO, WTO 1994 :,, WTO,,, 2. WTO (1), 1/ 2 1/ 6 1/ 6,,,,,, WTO,,, WTO,, (2), WTO,,,,,,

330 (3), WTO, WTO,,,,, WTO,,,, (4),,,,,,,,,, WTO,, (5), WTO,,, (6) WTO,, (7), (8) WTO,,,

331 WTO (1) WTO, 100,,, WTO,,,,, WTO,,,,,, WTO, (2),, 4.,,,,,,,, WTO ( ) 1.,

332 2. WTO,, WTO,,,,,,,, 21 ( ) 1.,,, 2. WTO, WTO, ;,,, WTO,,, WTO,

333 WTO, WTO, : (1),, ;, ; 1994 ; 1999,,,, WTO,,, WTO, ;, WTO,,, WTO, WTO,,,, WTO,,, WTO 2005,

GDP 334, 2000,,, (2), 20, :,,, WTO,,,,,, WTO, WTO,,, WTO,,, WTO,, WTO, WTO, WTO,,,, WTO,, WTO, WTO,,, WTO

335,,,,, (3) WTO,, WTO WTO, WTO,, WTO,,, WTO WTO,,,,,, WTO,,2000 2005, 1000, 2000 20, 2600 1979,,,,,,,,,, WTO,

336 (4) WTO,,,,, WTO,,,,, WTO,, WTO (1), WTO, 1999 11 16, WTO,,, 2000 5 26, WTO,

337, WTO,, 2000 9 24,, WTO,, WTO, WTO, (2) ; ; ;, WTO,,,,, 60% ;,,,,,, 1999 2010 1000,,,,,,,,,, ;,,

338,,,,, 2005, 2.1%, 4.6%,,, (3),,,, : ;, WTO,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,, WTO,,

339,, WTO?,, ;, 50,,,,,,,,,,,, (1),,,,, (2),,,,,, (3) WTO,,,,,, (4) WTO,,

340 (5),,,,,

341,,,,,,,, 50, 50, 1960 1970,

342 10%, 1970,, 60%, 46.8%, 60% 20%,, 70,,,,,,, 70, ; 70,,, 70, 1. ( ), 70, 70 1971 8 15,,,,,,

343,, 1971 12 1973 2,,, 2., 1973 10 16,, 70%, 80%, 70% 1945 :,,,,,,,,,,, 1974 1 10,,,, ; 1 21,,

344,,, 1974 1973 10,,, 1975 10%,,,,, 1975 7 31,,, ( ),, 1971,, 1973,, 1974 5,, 1975 10 10,, 11 15 17,,,

345,, 1975 11 15 17,,,,, : ;, ;,,,,

346,, 1976,,, 1976 6, ;,,,,,,,,,, 1977 3 8,,,

347 ;,,,,, 7 16,,,,,,, 1979 6 28,

348,, :, ;,,, 70 (1973 1975 1979 1982 ),, 80 80, 80,,, 80 : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 1 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17

349 1991,, 7 + 1 1997, 22 1998,, ( ) : 1. (1975 1982 ) 1975, ;1978 ;1979 1980,, 1980 1981, 2. (1985 1989 ) 1982 11,

350, : ; 1985 1987,1987,1984 1988, 400,,, 3. ( 1990 1993 ) 90,,, ( ) : ;, ; ; 1990 1992, ( ) ; ;,, 4. ( 1994 1999 ),,,,, 1994 1996

351 ;, 1995 IMF 180 ; 1998,, 1998,,,,, 1979,,, 80 80 90,,, 1989 1990, 1991

352, : ( ) 1.,,, ( ),, ( ) 2. ( ),, 1992, ;1996 1999, :1999 4,, ; 5, ( ),, ( ),, ( ) 3., ( ),

353,, ( ),, 1989, 1/ 3, : 1991 ; 1994,, 1996, ( ), ( ), :,, 1996,,, ( ),, ( ),,

354 1995, 1996, 90,, ( ),,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,, ;, ;1994, ( )

355? ( )? ( )??, ( ),,,,,,, 1993, :,,, 1998,,,,1996,,,,,, 20,,

356,, ( ),, 80,, ;,, ;, 1998 1999,,,, 1989,,,,, 1989, 1991,, 1993 1994 1995,,, 1996,,

357,,, ; ( ) 1997,, 1998,, 1999, 2000 2 14, ( ),,,,, ( ) ( ), ( ),, ( ),, ( ),,

358 ), ( ) ( )

359,,,, 15 :,,,,,,,

360 1871,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 17,, ; 16, ;, 1693,,, :, 1985, 6 8 (2) Hill, David J.A History of Diplomacy in the International Development of Europe ( Vol. ), Longman,1921,550 551.

361, 1713,,,,,, 18,,,, 18,, :,,,, 1814,,,, :, 1989, 13

362,, 1815 9, 1815, 18 19, 1849,, 20,,,,,,,,, 1918, 1920,,, 20,, 1924,, : 3, 1985, 51

363,, 1929 9,, 1930 5,, 26,,,,, 1940 6,,,,,,,,,, 1941 6,, 1941 1942,, 1943,,,

364,,,,,, 1946 9 19, :,,,? :!, : ; ;,, 1946 12,50 1947 6, 1947 7,, 9 1948 5,, 13 800, 12 60,,,,,

365 5,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1950 4 :,,,,,,,,,,,,,

366,,,,,, 1950 4 16, :,,,,,,, :,,,, 6 3 1950 6 20, 1951 4 18, 1952 7 25,, :, 1989, 96 99 :, 1989, 101 :, 1989, 104

367, : 9,,,, ; 1%, ; ;,,,, :,, ;,, ;, 78 ( 18,, ), ;,,,,,,,, ( 1950 1952),,1959, 193 273

368, : 2.,, 1954 8 10,,, 1955 6,, 1956 1,,,,,,,,,,,, 1955 5, :,, 1985, 223 :,, 1989, 250 252

369, 1955 6,,,,,, 1956 5, 1957 3 25,,,, 1958 1 1,,, 248, 22,, 12 :,, (1956 1957 ),, 1962, 329

370,,,,,,,, :, ;,, ;,,, ;,,,, 3.,,,, 1958 : 0.217, 0.079, 0.059 1965 : 0.373, 1.200, 2.011, 60, :, 1994, 122

371 4 8, ( ),, 1967 7 1, 1967,, 1. 70, 1973 1980, 9.6%, 7.2%, 8.9%, 10.8%,, 13.6% 18% 21.3% 70,,,,, :, ;, ;, ;,, 2000, 5%,,, :, 1999, 73

372,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 1978 12, 1985 6,, 9, 12 3, ( ) 1986 2 17 28 12, 1987 7 1, 1992,,, ( ),,,,,

373,,, 300,,, 80, 2. 80 90, :,, 1991, 40,,,,,,, 1990 3, 213 19,,,,,, 1990 6,,,,, 1990 7 1, 1979

374 12, 1991 12 9 10, ( ) 1992 2, 12,1993 11 1,, 320 :,, 1999 1 1 : 1990 7 1 1993,,,, ; 1994 1 1 1997,,, ; 1997 1999 1 1,,, 1996,, 1997, 1999 1 1, : 1.5% ; 2% ;, ; 3% 60%

375,,,,,, ; ( ),,, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,

376,,,,,,,,,,, 1. 1995 12,, ( EURO), 1999 1 1 11,, ( 2000 6 ), 1998 6 30,, 1998 12 31,, 2002 1 1 6 30,,,,

377,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1999 3%, 2000 3.5%,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,, 1948,

378 : ; ;, ; ;, 1999 1999 6,,, 11 15,, 2000,, 25, 30, 12 6, 15 12 10 11,, 2003 (2000 11 ), 2000 12 4,, 12 7, 20 ( ),,,

379 : ( ), 1969,, 1975,,,, ( ),,,, ;,,

380 20,, 80,,,,,,,,, A B A, A B, :,, 60,,, 1987,,,,,,,, 87

381, 44, : ; ; ;, ;,,, ;,,,,, 20,,,,,,,, 24 (DG),, 20, 000, 17, 000,

382, 1962, 1979,,, ( ),, 626, 99, 87, 64, 31, 25, 22, 21, 16, 15, 14,,,,,,,,, :, 2/ 3, ;, ;,, :,, 12 14, 8 19,

383, 15,,, :, ;, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2000 12 7 11

384,,,,,, 15,, 13, 1972 1 22,, 1973 1 1, 20 70, : 50,,, 60 70,,, 1945 11,

385 1946 9,, 1948 5,, 1950 8,,,,, :,,,,,, 19,,,, 1950 6 27, :,,,, :,,,, :,, 1976, 46 :,, 1995 9, 238

386,,,,, 1954,,,,,,,, 1960, 30%,, 1951 50% 1961 39%,, 1961 32%,,, 1961 7,,,, 1967 5,,,, 1967 11 27 1969,, 1970 6,,, 1971 6

387 1, 1973 1 1, 53%, 20 70,, 1981, 1962, 1975 1979, 1981 1 1,,, 1971,, 1977,,,,, 1980,, 1985 3 1986 1 1, 11 12,,

388,,,,,,,, 1/ 3, 1989,,,, 1991,, 1992,,, 1994 6, 1995, 15, 323.2 3.64 Daltrop, Anne. Politics and the European Community, Longman, 1982: 153.

389,,, 1991 15, 40,,,,, :,,, 1.3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

390, :, 1987 1990 1991 12 1994 12,, 1993 5, 6,, 1994 12, 1997 12 12 13,, 1998 4,, 15 1998 3, 1998 3 28, :,,,,,,,,

391 2003 10,,,, 2002,2003,, 2000 12, ; 27, 27 ;,, 50,, 27,,,, ( ),1975 9,, 1978 4,, 1979 2, 7, 1983,,,

392 5, 80,, 1989,,,,, 90, 1990 10, 1993,,, 1994 8, 1995 7,,,, 1996 11,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 1997 4 23 1997,, 1998 3 25,, 4 2,

393 21 1998 6 1999 3,,,, 2000 5 19,,, : (1),,,,,,,, 1993 261, 50%, 1995 403.8, 28.1% 1997, 430, 1998 488.6, 1999 557, 1999, 12, 000, 220,, 1981 1996, 4900, 330, 48%, 1999, 280, 24.6, 2/ 3, 1997 1998, 15

394,,,, (3),, ;, ;,,,,, (4),,, :,,,,,,,,, 1997 1998

395,,,,,, 1994,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,

396,, 16 :, 1948,, 1948 3 17,, 1948 10, 12,, 1949 4 4, 12, 1949 8 24 :

397 ;, ;,, ;,,, 1952, 1954,1982 5,, 1999, 19 1.,,,,, 2., ( ),, 3.,

398,,, 5. ( ),,, 2 3,,,, :,, ( ) : A. ( ) : ; B. ( ) : ; C. ( ) :

399 D. ( ) ; E. ( ) :,, : A. ; B. ; C. ; D. ; E. ( ),,,,,, 1949 1990, : 1949 1954, ; 1955 1966, ; 1967 1990,

400 1954 ),,, : 1949 12 1,,, : (1) (2),,,,, (3) (4) 1953 10 10, 1954 12,, ( sword and shield) : (1), (2),

401,, (4),,,,,, ;,,,, 1954,,,, (1967 1990) 1961, 1962,, 1967 1957, 1957,, ;,,, 1960,,,

402, ;,, ; ; : ( controlled Response) ; ; (conventional option),1967 12,,,,,,,, 90,,,,,,?, :

403 ;,, ;, ;,,,, 90 1991 11 7, 12, 16,,, 1. :,,,,,, :,,, 52 ( ), 1994 1 10,, 1999, 24

404 2.,,, 1992 4 12,,, : 40,, : 250 200, 180 90 ( 18 10 ),,,, 1992 10, 1994,, 40,

405,,,,,,,, 1989 2600 3000 1996 700 1000 1949,,,,, :,, 1993,,,,, : 1.

406, 1995 8 12,,, 2.,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 4. :,,,

407,,,, 1992, 1993 1 ; 1993 9,, 1994, 1994 1,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1999, 26 1995,,, 12 5,

408 ; ;,,, 1997, 1999,,,, ; ;, 1.,,,,,,, 1993,,, ; ;, 1994 12 5,,,,,,,, 1993 11,,,,

409,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,1995,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,, 3.,,, ;, ;

410 ;, ;,, 1994 12,, 1995 9 28,1995,,,,,,,,,,, 1 + 1, 21,?, ;,,,

411 4 23, 19 23 50, 21,,, :,,,,, : (1),,,,,, ;, 21,,, P352

412,,,,,, (2),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 21,,,,,,,,,,,,

413,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1996,,,,,??,,,,,, 50 60,,,,,,

414,,,,,,, 60,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

415,, : ; ;,,

416 APEC APEC ( Asia - Pacific Economic Cooperation ),, APEC, APEC 21,,, APEC,, APEC 42.5%, 50%, 48%, APEC APEC APEC 20 80,,, ( ) APEC :

417,,, APEC, 80,, APEC,,,,, APEC,, APEC ; ;, APEC APEC 1989 APEC, APEC, : (1) (1989 1991 ) 1989 11,, APEC,, : ;, APEC, 1990 APEC APEC, APEC

418 APEC APEC :, ;,,, APEC, APEC (2) (1992 1994 ) 1992 APEC APEC, APEC 1993 APEC APEC APEC,, APEC,,, APEC 1994 APEC APEC APEC ( ), APEC,, 2010, 2020 (3) (1995 ) 1995 APEC APEC, APEC : APEC 1996 APEC APEC : APEC

419 APEC :, APEC 350, APEC APEC, 1997 APEC APEC,, APEC,,,,, 1998 APEC APEC,,,,,, APEC,,, 1999 APEC APEC WTO, APEC WTO, APEC,, 2001 APEC APEC,,,

420 APEC APEC APEC,, APEC, APEC,,, APEC, APEC APEC 1989 11, APEC 12,,,, APEC, APEC,, APEC, APEC APEC,, 1990 7, APEC,,,,,

421, :, : APEC, APEC APEC APEC,, :,,,,,,, APEC PECC ( ) ASEAN SPF ( ),,, APEC,,,, APEC,,, :,,,,,,

422, APEC :, 1997 7 1 APEC,, APEC,,,,, APEC,, ; PECC,,,,,, APEC,,,,, APEC APEC,, APEC( ),, 12 15,, APEC,, APEC,, APEC

423,,, APEC,,,, APEC,, APEC, APEC APEC APEC, APEC, :, APEC, PBEC CACCI ( ) APEC APEC, APEC, APEC APEC, APEC :, APEC,,,, ; APEC ; APEC,,, APEC APEC APEC

424 :,,,,,, ;, 15,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, APEC, APEC,,,,,,

425,, APEC, APEC,, APEC,, APEC, APEC, APEC,, APEC,, APEC, WTO, APEC,,, APEC APEC WTO, WTO APEC 1991, APEC, APEC, APEC, APEC, APEC, APEC,,,, APEC

426, ; APEC, APEC APEC,,,, APEC,,,,,,,, APEC,,, APEC,,, APEC, APEC,, APEC,,, APEC,, APEC,,

427 APEC APEC, APEC,,,, APEC,,, 1997 APEC,,,,,,,,,, 1999,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,

428, APEC,,, APEC,,,,,,,, APEC,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

429,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1996,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

430,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

431 1967 8 8,, 1984 1,, 11, 1995, 1997 30,,, 1999 4 30,,,, 450 7000,, 50, 60, ;

432,,,,, 60,,,, 1961, 1963, ( ) 1961 7 31,,,, 1962 1966,,,,,,,,, ; :,, 1962 4 26, 187 189

433, : ;, ;, ( ) 1963 7 30,,8 5,,, 12,,,,,,,, 60,,, ;,,, ;,,

434, 1966, 14,,, 1967 8 7 8,, ( ),, ( ), :,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, ;,

435,,,, (ARF),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( AFTA), ( EAEC), ( PMC),,, APEC ;,,,,, 1997, 1999,, :,1967 1976 1976 2 ( ), :

436 ; ;,1977 1989 : ; ;,1990 90 : ; ; ;,, : (1),, (2), (3), ( ), (4), ( ),,,, (5),, (6) :,

437 (7) :,, (8) :,,,,,,,,, (9) :,,,,, 1992,, 90, [AMM], 1994 [ARF] 1996,,,,, 21,,

438 1967,,,, 1997 12, 21,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 90,,, 1990 8 8, ; 10 3, ; 1991 9 30, ; 1991 11, ;

439 ; 90 ;1993 4,,,,, 1997 12,1998,,, 21, ( ),,,,,, 1980 24.2, 1990 92.5 1995 135.9, ; 1996 200, 1998 235, 1992 17,,,,,,

440, 4.9 1979 70, 1998, 2600, 50 1979 1992, 296, 2.9,, 1995, 1997,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1., 90,

441 1967 70,,,, : 70 80,, :90,,, 2.,,,,,, : (1) : APEC EAEC APEC,, APEC 1989 APEC, APEC, APEC, EAEC, 1995 EAEC

442,,,,, 1992, 2008 AFTA, (2) :, 1995 7 28, ;1997 7 23, ; (3) : ARF ARF,, ARF ARF,, 3., 1991,, 1995,, 1996 3,,,, 29

443 12, 1999 7,,,,, 21,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

444,,,, ( ),,, 1995 10,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, ( )

445 1995 2, 1995 7 1996 2, 1995 10, 1996 2,, :,,,,, 2.,,,, 1994 1 :, 1995 4 6,, 1995 4 10,

446,,,,,,,,,,, 1994,, :, 1994,,, ( ),,,

447,, 300, 3%,,,,,,,, 1998 5,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,

448,,,,,,,, ( ),,, ( ),,,,,,, 9 + 3,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,

449,,,,,,,, 500,,,,,,,,,, 3., :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

450,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,