土 壤 (Soils), 2014, 46(5): 875 880 1 缺 钾 对 油 菜 主 序 产 量 性 状 的 影 响 及 施 钾 效 果 * ( 430070) (+K) ( K) 1 321 kg/hm 2 111% 50.1% 9.2% 33.6% 21.6% 10.3% 69.6% 41.7% 20.1% 124.4% S143.3 57.2% [1] [2] [3] [4 6] 2005 2010 2 106 21.3% 5.4 kg [7] [8 9] [10 12] [13] [14] [15] Govahi Saffari [16] 1 1.1 2011 9 2012 5 (30 20 N 115 46 E) ph 4.96 36.1 g/kg 1.9 g/kg 29.1 g/kg 248.1 mg/kg 32.3 mg/kg 8.9 mg/kg 15 1.2 ( K) (+K) 3 ( ) (201203013) (CARS-13) (2013PY113) (IRT1247) (Hubei 35) * (lunm@mail.hzau.edu.cn) (1989 ) E-mail 919210351@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
876 46 15 m 2 N 180 kg/hm 2 P 2 O 5 90 kg/hm 2 B 1.65 kg/hm 2 K 2 O 120 kg/hm 2 ( N 460 g/kg) ( P 2 O 5 120 g/kg) ( K 2 O 600 g/kg) ( B 110 g/kg) 3 60% 20% 20% 2011 9 28 11 13 11.25 /hm 2 2012 5 8 1.3 0 ~ 20 cm 20 100 [17] 2.5..1.0 ph ph NaOH 1 mol/l 1 mol/l NH 4 OAc 0.5 mol/l NaHCO 3 6 25% 50% 25% 3 ( ) H 2 SO 4 -H 2 O 2 [17] 1/4 1/2 1/4 Excel 2003 SPSS 17.0 LSD 2 2.1 1 4 496 1 321 kg/hm 2 97.5% 111% 50.1% 9.2% 1 (cm) 表 1 施 钾 对 油 菜 生 物 量 及 产 量 构 成 因 素 的 影 响 Table 1 Effects of potassium fertilizer on biomass and component of yield (kg/hm 2 ) (kg/hm 2 ) (kg/hm 2 ) (g) K 61.2 4 612 1 367 1 185 307.2 27.2 2.82 +K 64.7 9 108 1 801 2 506 461.1 29.7 2.93 F-test ns ** ** ** ** * ns F * ** P<0.05 P<0.01 ns 2.2 1 1A 33.6% (P<0.05) (P<0.01) 26.1% 69.6% ( 1B)
5 877 ( P<0.05 * ** ns P<0.05 P<0.01 ) 图 1 油 菜 主 序 不 同 部 位 籽 粒 重 (A) 角 果 数 (B) 每 角 粒 数 (C) 和 千 粒 重 (D) Fig. 1 Seed weights (A), pods (B), seed per pods (C) and 1000-seed weights (D) in different locations of terminal raceme ( 1C) 21.6% 10.3% 15.4% 41.7% 20.1% ( 1D) ( 2) 表 2 钾 肥 与 主 序 部 位 对 主 序 产 量 性 状 交 互 作 用 影 响 的 方 差 分 析 Table 2 Variance analysis of interactive effects between potassium and location on yield characters of terminal raceme ** ** ** ns ** ** ** ** ns ns ns ns 2.3 3 3 91.8% 124.4% ( 3) ( ) 3 1 321 kg/hm 2 111% [9] [9,18] [13,15,19]
878 46 表 3 油 菜 主 序 不 同 部 位 钾 含 量 及 钾 积 累 量 Table 3 potassium concentrations and potassium contents in different locations of terminal raceme (g/kg) (mg/ ) K 20.2 ± 0.6 a 6.5 ± 0.2 a 35.4 ± 8.1 a 7.2 ± 1.9 ab 42.7 ± 10.0 a 18.1 ± 0.7 b 6.4 ± 0.2 a 36.7 ± 2.4 a 9.7 ± 1.1 a 46.5 ± 3.4 a 17.0 ± 1.4 b 6.6 ± 0.3 a 21.4 ± 6.4 b 6.3 ± 1.8 b 27.7 ± 8.2 b 18.5 ± 0.3 b 6.1 ± 0.1 a 32.6 ± 4.4 a 7.8 ± 1.4 ab 40.3 ± 5.8 ab +K 30.0 ± 2.8 a 8.5 ± 0.3 a 63.7 ± 1.0 b 11.8 ± 1.7 b 75.5 ± 0.7 b 27.5 ± 2.4 ab 8.2 ± 0.4 ab 70.1 ± 5.2 a 15.7 ± 1.1 a 85.8 ± 5.9 a 25.3 ± 0.2 b 7.7 ± 0.3 b 49.8 ± 1.7 c 12.3 ± 1.0 b 62.1 ± 2.5 c 27.6 ± 1.8 ab 8.1 ± 0.3 ab 63.4 ± 3.1 b 13.9 ± 1.2 ab 77.3 ± 3.6 b ** ** ** ** ** ** ns ** ** ** ns ns ns ns ns P<0.05 [20 21] [22] [5,22] [23 24] [25 26] 40% ~ 70% 20% ~ 40% 10% ~ 20% [5] 69.6% 41.7% 20.1% [27] [28] [29] [30] 25% 50% 25% 3 4 (1) 1 321 kg/hm 2 111% (2) [1]. [J]., 2010, 32(2): 300 302 [2],,,. [J]., 2010, 42(3): 473 478 [3]. [J]., 2011 (2): 98 101
5 879 [4]. [J]., 2007, 23(6): 284 287 [5] Chauhan YS, Bhargava SC. Comparison of pods of the terminal raceme of rapeseed (Brassica campestris var. Yellow Sarson) and mustard (Brassica juncea) cultivars[j]. Seed, 1986, 3(6): 2 8 [6]. [J]., 2008, 25(9): 62 [7],,,,,. [J]., 2013, 46(9): 1 837 1 847 [8],,,,. [J]., 2008, 14(5): 961 968 [9],,,. [J]., 2009, 35(1): 87 92 [10] Forster H. Influence of N and K fertilizers on the quality and yield of oil from old and new varieties of rapeseed[j]. Fertilizer Use and Production of, 1977: 305 [11] Brennan RF, Bolland MDA. Influence of potassium and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, oil and protein concentration of canola (Brassica napus L.) grain harvested in southwestern Australia[J]. Animal Production Science, 2007, 47(8): 976 983 [12] Khan HZ, Malik MA, Saleem MF, Aziz I. Effect of different potassium fertilization levels on growth, seed yield and oil contents of canola (Brassica napus L.)[J]. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 2004, 6(3): 557 559 [13],,,,. [J]., 2001, (4): 49 52 [14],,,. [J]., 1990, (4): 29 33 [15],,,,,. [J]., 1998, 19(2): 39 42 [16] Govahi M, Saffari M. Effect of potassium and sulphur fertilizers on yield, yield components and seed quality of spring canola (Brassica napus L.) seed[j]. Journal of Agronomy, 2006, 577 582 [17]. [M]. 3. :, 2000: 30 107, 270 [18],,,,,,. [J]., 2003, 25(4): 107 112 [19],,,,. [J]., 2001, (4): 39 42 [20],. [J]., 2001, 17(3): 4 7, 35 [21],,,,. [J]., 1996, 22(3): 305 312 [22],. [J]., 1987, 3(3): 16 22 [23],,,,,. 4 [J]., 2008, 27(2): 229 234 [24],,,,,. [J]., 2011, 44(23): 4 823 4 832 [25],,,,,,. [J]., 2009, 15(5): 1 122 1 129 [26] Brennan RF, Bolland MDA. Soil and tissue tests to predict the potassium requirements of canola in south-western Australia[J]. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2006, 46: 675 679 [27]. [J]., 1965, 4(4): 403 408 [28],,. [J]., 1984, 3(1): 16 24 [29],,,. [J]., 2006, 10(3): 27 29 [30],,,. - [J]., 2004, 8(3): 25 27
880 46 Effects of Potassium Deficiency on Yield Characters in Terminal Raceme of Oilseed Rape and Potassium Fertilizer Application Effect LIU Xiu-xiu, LU Jian-wei *, WANG Yin, ZHANG Yang-yang, WANG Yang, REN Tao, LI Xiao-kun, CONG Ri-huan (College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China) Abstract: A field experiment with two potassium fertilizer treatments ( K and +K) was conducted to study the effects of potassium fertilizer application on oilseed rape yield under condition of potassium deficiency with focus on the different effects of potassium fertilizer application on different location of terminal raceme. The results showed that oilseed rape yield increased significantly when potassium fertilizer was applied to potassium deficiency soil, the increment was 1 321 kg/hm 2 with the increase rate was 111%, pods per plant and seeds per pod increased significantly by 50.1% and 9.2% in the meantime, respectively. The potassium fertilizer improved seed weight of terminal raceme, pods per terminal raceme and seeds per pod increased by 33.6%, 21.6% and 10.3%, respectively. The enhancement of seed weight, pods and seeds per pod were different in different locations of terminal raceme, the effects of potassium fertilizer on the upper of terminal raceme was much better than the middle and lower position. Compared to the no potassium treatment, the seed weight, pods and seeds per pod in the upper of terminal raceme increased by 69.6%, 41.7% and 20.1%, respectively, and the potassium content increased by 124.4% correspondingly. All the results proved that potassium fertilizer application improved oilseed rape yield by enhancing pods and seeds per pod, and the effects of potassium fertilizer performed best in the upper of the infructescence if viewed from the yield characters of the infructescence. Key words: Oilseed rape, Terminal raceme, Potassium, Yield characters