* * (Friedrich Nietzsche) ( 85) 105 (Habermas,1971 89) (critical theory) (theories) (Gibson, 1986 77) (Horkheimer, 1969 89) ( 90) Percy Bridgman, Patton(1990 84) 113 15
empirical theory traditional theory ( 85) (Horkheimer,1969 89 43) (Kuhn, 1996) (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions) (paradigm) (scientific revolution) (incommensurability) ( ) (nature) (normal science) ( (puzzle-solving) ( ) (black box) (Boyle) (Hobbes) (Shapin & Schaffer,1985) (Michel Foucault) (matters of fact) ( 87) (ticket thinking) ( 89) (network) (allies) (Latour, 1987) Latour (Science in Action) 16
1920 (the life of reason) (ego) ( 89 10) ( 77) (Huxley, 1932 89) (Brave New World) (technology by the people) (determinate negativity)( 89) (false consciousness) ( 85) 1. (methodological prohibitionism) 2. 17
Horkheimer(1968 89) 72 Horkheimer(1969 89) 49 (Bottomore, 1984 81) (1) (The Institute of Social Research) (2) (The Frankfurt School) (3) (4) (1923 ~ 1930) 1923 (Karl Korsch) (Felix Weil ) (Kurt Albert Gerlach ) (Carl Grunberg ) ( ) (Max Horkheimer) ( ) (1) (Carl Grunberg, 1861-1940) (2) (Max Horkheimer, 1895-1973) (3) (Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno, 1903-1969) (4) (Friedrich Pollock, 1894-1970) (1930 ~ 1950) 1930 1933 18
1934 ( ) (1) (Herbert Marcuse, 1898-1979) (2) (Erich Fromm, 1900-1980) (3) (Walter Benjamin) (1950 ~ 1970) 1950 1931 ( ) 1960 ( ) (1) (Jürgen Habermas, 1929-) (2) (Alfred Schmdit) (3) (Oskar Negt) (1970 ~ ) 1970 (1) (Albert Wellmer) (2) (Klaus Offe) Horkheimer(1969 89) 55 (Max Horkheimer, 1895-1973) ( 89) 19
(Gibson, 1986 77) (1) (2) (3) (Hokheimer, 1968 78) (the Dialectic of Englightenment) (Gibson, 1986 77) ( ) ( ) ( 89 9-10) ( ) (Victor Hugo) ( ) (Voltair) ( ) ( 89 30) (Horkheimer,1969 89 55) (Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno, 1903-1969) 20
(Gibson, 1986 77) (negative thinking) ( 85) (Negative Dialectics) (The Authoritarian Personality) (Studies in Prejudice) (superego) (ego) (Gibson, 1986 77) (Herbert Marcuse, 1898-1979) 1960 1960 (1) (2) (3) (Eros and Civilization) (One Dimensional Man) (Gibson, 1986 77) (Jürgen Habermas, 1929- ) ( 89 28) 21
1 1 ( 85 171 ) 2 (action oriented to reaching and understanding) (superficial consensus) (false consensus) ( 84) 2 ( ) ( ) ( Pusey,1986 78 100 ) (validity claim) (mutually recognized) (Habermas, 1987 84 51) 22
1. 2. 3. (sincere) (authentic) (authenticity) They cannot represent themselves; they must be represented. (Karl Marx) Said(1978 89) ( 81) 1. 2. 3. ( 77) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (critical analysis) (creative insight) (Patton,1990 84) 23
80 9 (performative contradiction)( 89 36) (Foucault, 1984 Best & Kellner, 1991 83 77) (conceptual framework) (perspective) ( 77) ( 87) 126 18-33 ( 81) 25 135-144 ( 89) Available on: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~cage/quarter1/0301/03015.htm [2000/1/10]. ( 89) 157 8-31 ( 89) 157 33-41 ( 84) ( 84-2411-H-081A-001) ( 90) ( 85) 24
( 77) ( ) ( 80) Best, S. & Kellner, D.(1991 83) Gibson, R.(1986 77) Hokheimer, M.(1968 78) Horkheimer, M.(1968 89) 157 66-73 Horkheimer, M.(1969 89) 157 42-55 Huxley, A.(1932 89) Kuhn, T. S.(1996), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions(3 rd edition). The University of Chicago Press. Latour, B.(1987). Science in Action, How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Patton, M. Q.(1990 84) Pusey, M.(1986 78) Said, E.(1978 89) Shapin, S. & Schaffer, S.(1985). Leviathan and The Air-Pump,Hobbes, Boyle, and The Experimental Life. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 25