64 Biodiversity Science 12 munity structures, larger maximum tree height ( H max ) and maximum diameter of breast height (DBH max ) were recorded at m

2004, 12 (1) :63-74 Ξ Biodiversity Science (,,, 100871) : 30 13, 151, 42 73 ; 102, 32 54 :, ; 800-1000 m, 1500-1600 m Shannon2Wiener ( H ) ; 1200-1800 m H ; Sgrenson ( IAc),,Sgrenson, ( H max ) (DBH max ), H max DBH max ; H max DBH max 800-900 m, 1800 m 1500 m, 1900 m, (total basal area, TBA) ;, ; TBA, TBA :,,,, : Q948 : A : 1005-0094(2004) 01-0063 - 12 Tree species diversity along altitudinal gradient on southeastern and north2 western slopes of Mt. Huanggang, Wuyi Mountains, Fujian, China ZHEN G Cheng2Yang, L IU Zeng2Li, FAN G Jing2Yun Depart ment of Ecology, College of Envi ron mental Sciences, Center f or Ecological Research & Edu2 cation, and Key L aboratory f or Earth S urf ace Processes of the M inist ry of Education, Peking U ni2 versity, Beiji ng 100871 Abstract : To investigate altit udinal changes of t ree species biodiversity and community st ruct ures, we investigated 30 plots on the southeastern slope and 13 plots on the northwestern slope of Mt. Huang2 gang, Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province. We recorded 151 tree species from 42 families and 73 genera on the southeastern slope, and 102 tree species from 32 families and 54 genera on the northwestern slope. There was no significant difference of t ree species composition between t hese two slopes. The number of families, genera and species in the tree layer decreased as altitude increased. The richest families, genera and species were recorded at the altitudes between 800-1000 m a. s. l. on the south2 eastern slope, and between 1500-1600 m a. s. l. on the northwestern slope. The species diversity of tree layer on the northwestern slope was higher than that of the southeastern slope from 1200-1800m a. s. l.. Shannon2Wiener index ( H ) correlated negatively wit h elevation on bot h slopes. Sgrenson in2 dex ( IA c) varied in transitional zones between vegetation types, and was lowest at the ecotone be2 tween evergreen broad2leaved forest s and mixed coniferous and broad2leaved forest s. Considering com2 Ξ : (No. 49971002 39830050),Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49971002 and 39830050). : 2003-06 - 12 ; : 2003-09 - 10 :,,1966,, E2mail : zhengcy @pku. edu. cn

64 Biodiversity Science 12 munity structures, larger maximum tree height ( H max ) and maximum diameter of breast height (DBH max ) were recorded at middle elevations than at upper or lower elevations. H max and DBH max were higher on the northwestern slope than on the southeastern slope at the same elevations. Total basal area ( TBA) of evergreen broad2leaved trees was greater than those of deciduous broad2leaved trees and coniferous t rees at low elevations. TBA of coniferous t rees showed two peaks, corresponding to two different types of coniferous species while t hat of deciduous broad2leaved species stayed stable along t he altitudinal gradient. TBA of deciduous broad2leaved trees was greater on the northwestern slope than on the southeastern slope. TBA patterns of these three life forms along the altitudinal gradient were similar on both slopes. Key words : species composition, biodiversity, altit udinal gradient, community st ruct ure, Mt. Huang2 gang (,1980), ( Tang & Ohsawa, 1997 ;, 1998 ;, 1999 ;, 2001 ;,, 2000 ;, 2000),,, (,1999),,, (Lieberman et al., 1996) 46. 5 % (,1993),, ( Whittaker & Niering, 1965 ; Whit2, ( 2158 taker & Niering, 1975 ; Hamilton & Perrott, 1981 ; Peet, 1978 ; Itow, 1991 ; Baruch, 1984 ; Wilson & Sydes, 1988),, 450-2158 m,, ( 1), (, 1986) 13. 8, 2368. 0 1845 ( 2a) 4-6, Fortune,1945 ( 2b),, 14,1964, 20 70 100-150 mm, (, 1990),, (, 1963 ;,, 200 m 8 HOBO Onset 1983, 1985 ;, 1983) 2001 11 2002 11 (, 1981) (, 1981), 0. 43 / 100 m,1 0. 38 / 100 m,7 0. 47 / 100 m ( 3), ( Castanopsis eyrei) (, 2002a) ( B ux us sinica ssp. aem2 ulans) (,2002b) 1 m,117 47 18 E,27 51 42 N),, mm ( 1200 m, ) (, )

1 : 65 1 50 m, 100 m, 200 m Fig. 1 Study area in Mt. Huanggang. 50 m intervals sample plots on southeastern slope, 100 m intervals on northwestern slope and 200 m contour intervals. 2 ( a) ( : ), ( b) ( : ) Fig. 2 Ecological climatic diagram for Wuyishan National Nature Reserve (a) (data source : Meteorological Station in Xianfengling), and Wuyishan City (b) (data source : Wuyishan City Meteorological Station), Fujian Province. 2 211 GPS12XLC, 30, E1 - E3 ( Phyl2 lostachys pubescens), E4 - E30 100 m, 13 50 m,, ( 700-1100 m)

66 Biodiversity Science 12 3 ( : 7 HOBO Onset,2001-2002) Fig. 3 Lapse rate of temperature in Mt. Huanggang ( data source : 7 sets of HOBO Onset temperature s recorders in 200 m interval, 2001-2002) ( Rhododendron) ( Symplocos), (20 m ( Ilex) 20 m) (10 m 10 m),, 20 m 30 m ( Alniphyllum f ortunei ) ( Prunus 100 m 2, campanulata) 1100-1600 DBH > 3. 3 cm ; m, ( Liquidambar a2, (10 m 10 m), calycina) ( Toxicodendron succedaneum), ( Pinus taiwanensis) 1600 H > 0. 3 m ; - 2000 m, ( Tsuga chinensis var. ( ) tchekiangensis) ( Cryptomeria f ortunei) 212, ( Pi2 DBH > 3. 3 cm nus massoniana) ( Cunninghamia lanceolata), 1900-2100 m, ( Rhododendron ovatum) : S = 213 Shannon2Wiener (Magurran, 1988) S : H = - iln P i i = 1 Pielou : E = H / ln S (Magurran, 1988) : P i i, 2, 214 Sgrenson : IA c = 2 c (Magurran, 1988) a + b Sgrenson, : a b, c 3 311 30 151, 42 73 ; 13 102, 32 54 10 1 1, 1200 m, ( Cyclobalanopsis glauca) ( C. multi2 nervis) ( C. f abri) ( Lithocarpus hancei) ( Schima superba), ( Neolitsea) ( Machilus) ( Cin2 namomum) ( Buxus sinica spp. aemulans) ( Clethra cavaleriei ) ( Rhododendron f or2 tunei) ( Pyrus calleryana f. tomentilla) ( Symplocos lucida) 2000-2158 m, ( Moliniopsis hui) ( Deyeuxia hakonesis) ( Miscanthus sinensis)

1 : 67 1 Table 1 Top ten of the most common families, genera and species on southeastern and northeastern slopes of Mt. Huanggang Families 1. (18 a,24 b ) 2. (15 a,17 b ) 3. (14 a,26 b ) 4. (12 a,15 b ) 5. (8 a,21 b ) 6. (6 a,27 b ) 7. (6 a,9 b ) 8. (5 a,13 b ) 9. (4 a,6 b ) 10. (3 a,9 b ) Genera 1. Rhododendron (4 a, 25 b ) 2. Cyclobalanopsis ( 5 a, 23 b ) 3. Schi ma (1 a,22 b ) 4. Castanopsis (9 a,16 b ) 5. S ym plocos (12 a,15 b ) 6. Eurya (5 a,15 b ) 7. Machil us (6 a,10 b ) 8. Ilex (6 a,10 b ) 9. Acer (5 a,12 b ) 10. L itsea (4 a,11 b ) Evergreen broad2leaved tree species SE slope 1. Schi ma superba (31. 2 % c,22 b ) 2. Rhododendron la2 toucheae (12. 4 % c,23 b ) 3. Castanopsis eyrei (10. 3 % c,10 b ) 4. Cyclobalanopsis m ulti nervis (5. 1 % c,11 b ) 5. Cyclobalanopsis glauca (4. 8 % c,19 b ) 6. Castanopsis f abri (3. 4 % c,7 b ) 7. L ithocarpus hancei (2. 0 % c,6 b ) 8. A dinandra millettii (1. 9 % c,9 b ) 9. Castanopsis tibetana (1. 9 % c,6 b ) 10. Rhododendron si miarum (1. 7 % c,6 b ) NW slope 1. Cyclobalanopsis m ulti nervis (37. 0 % c,7 b ) 2. Schi ma superba ( 8. 8 % c,4 b ) 3. Cyclobalanopsis myrsi naef olia (7. 0 % c,4 b ) 4. Cyclobalanopsis glauca (6. 2 % c,2 b ) 5. Illicium minw a2 nense (5. 6 % c,5 b ) 6. Rhododendron si miarum (4. 6 % c,2 b ) 7. L ithocarpus cleisto2 carpus (4. 0 % c,2 b ) 8. Rhododendron la2 toucheae (3. 3 % c,5 b ) 9. Castanopsis eyrei (3. 1 % c,3 b ) 10. L ithocarpus brevi2 caudat us (2. 4 % c,5 b ) Deciduous broad2leaved tree species SE slope 1. A l niphyll um f ort unei (22. 61 % c,8 b ) 2. Prunus cam panulata (19. 74 % c,11 b ) 3. L iquidambar aca2 lyci na (10. 53 % c,3 b ) 4. Pyrus calleryana f. tomentilla (7. 25 % c,8 b ) 5. Clethra barbinervis (5. 06 % c,5 b ) 6. Choerospondias axil2 laris (4. 27 % c,1 b ) 7. Fraxinus chinen2 sis (4. 12 % c,5 b ) 8. Clethra cavaleriei (2. 47 % c,5 b ) 9. Acer davi dii ( 2. 23 % c,8 b ) 10. Toxicodendron succeda2 neum (1. 1 % c,2 b ) NW slope 1. Platycarya st robilacea (16. 9 % c,2 b ) 2. L iquidambar aca2 lyci na (13. 2 % c,7 b ) 3. Stew artia si nensis (10. 0 % c,3 b ) 4. Toxicodendron succeda2 neum (6. 9 % c,2 b ) 5. Styrax odoratis2 si m us (6. 8 % c,3 b ) 6. Prunus cam panulata (6. 7 % c,5 b ) 7. L iriodendron chinense (6. 4 % c,2 b ) 8. Magnolia cylindri2 ca (6. 1 % c,2 b ) 9. Photi nia beauver2 diana (4. 2 % c,5 b ) 10. Pyrus calleryana f. tomentilla (4. 1 % c,5 b ) SE slope 1. Pinus taiw anensis (85. 1 % c,20 b ) 2. Pi nus massoniana (9. 2 % c,6 b ) 3. Tsuga chi nensis var. tchekiangensis (3. 6 % c,8 b ) 4. Cunninghamia lanceola2 ta (1. 6 % c,3 b ) 5. Tax us w allichi2 ana var. chi nensis ( 0. 4 % c, 2 b ) 6. Cryptomeria f ort unei (0. 2 % c,1 b ) Coniferous tress species NW slope 1. Tsuga chi nensis var. tchekiangensis (37. 6 % c,4 b ) 2. Pinus taiw anensis (34. 5 % c,6 b ) 3. Cryptomeria f ort unei (11. 3 % c,1 b ) 4. Tax us w allichi2 ana var. chi nensis ( 10. 8 % c, 2 b ) 5. Cunninghamia lanceola2 ta (3. 7 % c,1 b ) 6. Pinus massoniana (2. 1 % c,1 b ) : a : ; b : ( ) ; c : a, the recording number of sample plots for the families or genera ; b, the average number of stems of tree species in the sample plots ; c, the percentage of basal area of tree species in total basal area at DBH in the sample plots. 312 ( A cer davidii) ( Tox icodend ron vernici2 31211 f l uum ) 800 m, 4,, ( y = 56. 85-0. 026 x, n = 26, R 2 = 0. 767, P < 0. 001) ( S ) ( S = 42, E5) 800 m, ( 4a,b) 800 m, (, 1981),,, (E1 - E3) ( S)

68 Biodiversity Science 12

1 : 69

70 Biodiversity Science 12 ( r = - 0. 87, P < 0. 01), Pielou ( r = - 0. 81, P < 0. 01) (400-750 m), E1 - E3,Shannon2 Wiener ( H = 1. 86 0. 18) E4 - E9 ( H = 2. 64 0. 20) 800 m, Shannon2Wiener Shannon2Wiener ( r = - 0. 53, P = 0. 064), Shannon2Wiener 1500-1800 m Pielou ( r = - 0. 13, P = 0. 668), Shannon2Wiener, (1963), 1100 m 11 25 km, 1200 m,, 4 Fig. 4 Number of families (a), genera (b), species (c) along, altitudinal gradient ( 4) ( S ) ( S = 30, N10) 1600 m,, ( r = - 0. 71, P < 0. 01) :, E1 - E3,, ;, 1900 m 31212 Shannon2Wiener ( H ) Pielou ( E) Shannon2Wiener 5 Shannon2Wiener ( a) Pielou ( b) ( S ) ( 4c Fig. 5 Shannon2Wiener index (a) and Pielou index (b) of tree 5a) Shannon2Wiener layer along an altitudinal gradient

1 : 71 6 ( a) ( b) Sgrenson Fig. 6 Sgrenson index and shared species of tree layer along altitudinal gradient in southeastern slope (a) and northwestern slope (b),,, Shannon2Wiener ( 5) 313 ( Whittaker, 1965) 6a, 800 m Sgrenson 800-1100 m,,, Sgrenson ; 1100 m Sgrenson,, ; 1600 m 1600 m,, 1900 m, Sgrenson, 1800 m,sgrenson Sgrenson 1300 m 1600 m 1900 m : 1300 m, 1300-1600 m,1600-1800 m,1800 m 7 Sgrenson, Fig. 7 Change of maximum tree height (a), maximum DBH, (b), stem density (c), total basal area (d) along an altitudinal gradient 1300-1600 m ; 1600 m

72 Biodiversity Science 12 314 ( H max ) (DBH max ) ( TBA),, 8 TBA 900 m E7, 450-1000 m (DBH max = 76. 5 cm, H max = 35 m) ;,1000-1600 m DBH max (600-900 m), (900-1800 m), 1900 m DBH max ( 7b) TBA, 1500 (1200-1600 m), ; m TBA, TBA 450-1900 m, TBA, 1900 m,, : ( Choeros pondias ax il2, ( 7) laris) TBA 1800 m (N8,, DBH max = 73. 2 cm, H max = 30 m) ;, N11, 1900 m ( 8b) ( 1500 m), 4, H max DBH max TBA, : ( 7a, b, d), 1200-1800 m (1) H max DBH max,,,,, ( Tax us w allichiana var. chi nensis) ( L ithocarpus cleistocarpus),,,,,1600-2100 m ( 8a) (2) ( H ) 8 ( a) ( b) Fig. 8 Total baral area percentage of evergreen, deciduous and coniferous tree species on (a) SE slope and (b) NW slope along an al2 titudinal gradient

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