43 4 2006 7 ( ) Journal of Peking University( Philo sophy and Social Science s) Vol. 43, No. 4 Jul. 2006 (, 100871) :,,,,, : ; ; ; ; :H13 :A :100025919 (2006) 0420084222,,??,,, 111,,??,?,,, :, :, : :, (context meaning),, (sememe),, 19 : [ ] ; :, :, :, ; :, : ; :, :, ; :, :, :, :, :, gλϖ ; : gλω ; :, : gλξ :, gλψ gλζ :,,, gλ{ : gλ :, gλ} (1), :2006205208 : (1940 ),,,,
4 : 85 :, (2) :, gλ (, ), ( gλψ, gλζ ) :,,, 112,?,, :, :,,, (conceptual domain), (conceptual components) (hierarchical structure),, : (,[ ], ) 1,,,, (,,,, ), : ( K), ( F), (C), ( P), (M), (S), (T) ( K), (F), (C), (S), ; (P), (M), (T), ( ), : (1) ( K) : (2) (C) : (3) (F) : (4) (P) :, (5) (M) :, (6) (S) : (7) (T) : Π, :,,
86 ( ) 2006,,,,,, { 1} { 2} { 3}, [ 1A] [ 1B ] [ 2A] [ 2B ], [ 1A ],,, ( - ), (O),,,, 113 11311 { 1} : 1131111 [ 1A] : K C F P M S T,, Π, Π [ ] : : ( ) :, ( ),, ( ), ;,, 1131112 [ 1B ] : K C F P M S T O,,,, : ;, ;, :, ; :,, :,?,? : :! : : :, :,, : :, :, :, :, :,, + Π,, [ 1A ], (, ),,,,,, [ 1B ]
4 : 87? :, :,,, :,, ( ),,, :, :, :, :,, :,,,,, :, : :, : :, ( ),, 47 :, 19 :, 1131113 [ 1C] : K C F P M S T O - -,, :,, :,, :,, :, [ 1C] [ 1A] [ 1B ] [ 1C] [ 1B ],[ 1C], [ 1C] F, F [ 1B ], [ 1C] [ 1B ] :,,,, : :,, [ 1A] ;, [ 1B ] ; [ 1B ], [ 1C] [ 1C] [ 1B ], : :, :,, :,, :, :,,, 1131114 [ 1D] : K C F P M S T Π - - [ 1A] T, F, M :, (, ), P M, F,,, :,, Π,
88 ( ) 2006 :,?,?, :,,,, (, ),,, :,,, :,,, : : :,,?, :,,, :,,, [ ], [ ],,, :, :,, : :, :, [ 1A] ] P,M,,, 1131115 [ 1E] : K C F P M S T O - - [ 1A],, [ 1A ] T :,, [ 1A],,, (1) :, :, [ 1A ] (2) :,,, ;,,, ( ), (3) :,,,,,, [ 1A ] :,,,,,, :,, [ 1A ],, [ 1E] [ 1E], : : :, :, :,, :,,, ;,, :, :,,,
4 : 89,, :,, [ 1E] [ 1A] [ 1A] C F T,[ 1E] C F T T, [ 1A ],[ 1E],, 11312 { 2} : 1131211 [ 2A] : K C F P M S T [ 1A],F,S,P M (, ), T,, [ 2A] [ 2A], : :, :, :,,, ;,,, [ 2A],,, [ 2A] :, ;, : :, :, (T) [ 2A], P,M [ 2A] K,P,M,, T T,, :,,, :, gλξ, 1131212 [ 2B ] :, K C F P M S T - - [ 2A] [ ],,[ 2B ] ( T, ), [ 2B ] :,, :,,,,,, ; [ 2A], [ 2A] { 3}, { 3}
90 ( ) 2006 1131213 [ 2C] : K C F P M S T O - - [ 2A],P,C M, O, [ 2C] : :, :,, : 1131214 [ 2D] : ( ) K C F P M S T - - [ 2C] F,P,S,T, O,, [ 2D ] (projection) :,,, :,,,? :,,,, :, 39 :,,, 11313 { 3} : K C F P M S T,, Π { 3} [ 1A] F ( Π ),P,,M,,S,T Π, { 3} { 3}, 14 :, : :, :, :, :,,,,, { 3},, ;, gλ{, gλ, gλω ; [ 1A],. : :? :?,,,,
4 : 91 114, 2 K C F P M S T O [ 1A], [ 1B ] Π, Π - [ 1C] - - [ 1D] [ 1E] Π - - - - - [ 2A] - [ 2B ] - - - [ 2C] - - [ 2D] ( ) { 3} - - -, Π - 115,, (1),, A, B, C,, A,B,C,,,,,,,, ;, (2),, [1, ],,,,,,,,, (3),,, a.,,
92 ( ) 2006,,, b.,, c.,,,, 116,, : [ 1A ] ( : ), ( [ 1A] { 1}{ 2}{ 3} ) [ 1A ],, : A B,,, A A - B, A, B (H1Sperber),,,,,,, 545, A [2 ]531 AΠB B (, : A AΠB B, B A ), A, AΠB, B,, [ 1A] ( ) [ 1B ] ( ) [ 1E] ( ), A AΠB B, [ 1A] ( ) [ 1C] ( ) [ 1D ] ( ) [ 1A] { 2} { 3},,,, { 2} { 3} [ 1A],?,,,,, ; [ 1A] ( ) [ 1B ] ( ) [ 1A ] ) [ 1E] ( ) ;,,, [ 1A] ( ) P(, ) M(, ),, [ 1A] ( ) F ( ),P M,,, ( ),,, ( ), [ 2A ] ( )???,,?, ( ),,,?? :,,,, :,, ( ),
4 : 93 21, : 1931, (J1 Trier) : (lexical field), (conceptual field) [3 ]253,,,, 20 30,, ;, (,, ) Π, Π,,,,,, 219 :, ( ), ;,,,,,,,,,,,[ 1A] [,, 114 2, 8 8, 8,, 8, 8, 8,, 8, : (1) :,, (2) (3) (4) (5) : (6) ( ) (7) (8) (9) (10),,, 1A 1B, 1A 1B,, 1 2 1 2, Π, 3, -, (),,[ ],,0 (,
94 ( ) 2006 ),,, [ ] 211 112 1, : 21111 1A 3-1B 1A 3-1B 1A 0 1B 1A 1 3 1B 1A 1 3 1 1B, [ ] 1A - 1 1 3 1B - 1A 1 3 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 1 3-1 - 0 1 3 1 1-1 - [ ] (1) :[ 1A] [ 1B ],[ 1B ], (, 21211),, ( 21211) (2), [ 1A ],,, ( ) ; [ 1A] 36 :,,, 120 :, ( [ 1E]), [ 1A], (3),,,,, Π,,,,,, ( ),,, :, ( ),, :,,,,,,, :, 84 :,, Π, :,,
4 : 95, Π, ( ) :, 44 :,,,, 8 :,,,, Π Π, 60 :, :, :,,, 95 : 119 :, :!, 50 :,! 24 :,, Π,, 51 :,, (, ) 84 :,,,, (, ),, 14 :,,, ;,,,,, 61 :,! 91 :, (4),,, [ 1A] 1 1,, 21112 4, 4 2111211 3 3-0 [ ] 3 0 0 0 3-0 0 3 0 3, [ ] 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
96 ( ) 2006 2111212 3 3 [ ] - [ ] - - 3 0 0 [ ] 0 0-0 0 0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 3 ( ) - - - 0 0 0-0 - [ ] 0 0 0 0 3 0 [ ] 0 0 0 0 3 [ ] 0 0 0 0 0-3 2111213 3 3 3 [ Π ] 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 0 3 0 3 0-3 0 3 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 3 0 2111214 3 3 0 0 3 3-3 0 3 0-0 3-0 3 0 0 3 - [ ],,, (1),,,, ;, :,, :??
4 : 97 (2),,, Π, Π, ( ), ( ),, Π,,,,,,, 212 : 21211 3 1B 3 Π - 0 1B 3, Π 0 1B 3 Π 0 1B ( 2) Π 3 0 1B, [ ] 2 3 Π, 0 0 1B - 2, 2, 3 Π - 0 0 0 0 0 3, Π 0 0 0 0 0 2, 3 [ ] 0 0 0 0 2, 2 3,, 0 0 0 0 2 2 [ ] (1),[ 1B ], ( ) ( ), [ 2 ] [ 1B ] : [ 2 ], : :, :,,,, :,, :,, : : [ 2 ], [ 2 ] (2),,,,, [ ]
98 ( ) 2006 (3) ( 2 1 ),, throw away ( ), throw over ), ;, ( ) ;,, ( ) 21212 3 3 3 3-0 1E 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 0 ( ) 0 [ ] - 3 3 [ ] - 0-0 [ ] - 3 0 0 -, 0 0 0 3 0 0 0,, 0 [ ] 0 0 0 0, 3 0 0 0 3 [ ] (1),,, (2),, ( ),,, 1131115 213 : 1 3 1C 1 3,,, 0 0 1 3, 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 - -,, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [ ] (1) [ 1C], ( ),
4 : 99 (2) 214 : 3 3 0 0 3 0 0 1D - 3 0 0 3 0 2-0 3 0 0 0 3 0 2-0 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 2 3 0 [ ] (1) [ 1D], ( 1131114) [ 1D],, :, ( Π Π ), (2),,, 215 :
100 ( ) 2006 21511 2A 3-2A 3 0 2A 3 0 [ ] [ ] [ Π Π ] [ ] [ Π ] [ Π ] 0 [ Π ] [ ] [ ] [ Π ] [ Π ] [ ] (1), [ 2A ] : : :,,,?,,,, :,, ;,, skin bark bark,, skin, [1 ],,, [ 2A ],, [ 2A ] (2), [ 2A ],,[ 2A ], Π Π Π Π,, [ 2A ],, ;, [ 2A ],,, [ 2A], [ 2A ] [ 2A],,,, ( ),, Π Π,, (3), A1,, ( ), :,, ( ) B1 :, [ 2A ], : :,
4 : 101 ( ), [ 2A ] C1, ( ) (, ) ( ), [ 2A],, [ 2A ], :, 21512 Π 3 0 [ ] 0 0 [ ] 0 0 0 0 0 [ ] [ Π ] 0 0 [ ] 0 0 0 0 [ ] - 0 0 [ ] [ ] - 0 [ ] 0 [ Π Π ] 0 [ ] [ ] - [ Π Π ] [ ] (1) :[ 3 ] ( ), Π, Π (2) 3, Π Π,, Π, ( ) ( )Π ( ),,,, :,,,, ( ) ( Π ),,, ( ) ( ),,, 216 :
102 ( ) 2006 2B - 0 0 2B 3 2B, 3 0 2B 3 - -, 2B 3 -, - 0 2B 3, 0 0 2B 3, 3, 0 2B 3,, 3-0 [ ] (1) 2B ( 1131212), 2B (2),,, 217 : 0 ( 2C) - 0 0 0 0 0 2C 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 2C) 0 0-0 0 0-0 0 [ ] 0 [ ] 0 0 0, [ ] 0 0 [ ] (1), [ 2C] [ 2C], 2C, 1131213
4 : 103 (2),[ 2C], [ 2C] 218 : 3 3 3 ( 2D) 3 0 3 [ ] - 3 0 3 [ ] - 3 3 3 [ ] - 3 0 [ ] (1),,, ( ) [ 2D ],, ( 1131214) (2),, [ 2C] ( ) [ 2D ] ( ), [ 2D] :, Π Π, Π [ 2C] ( ) [ 2D] ( ),,, [ 2C] [ 2D ],, Π [ 2D ] 219, ( ), 2D,, 1131214
104 ( ) 2006,, Π Π,,, ( ),,,,,, (1),, ; (2),, :,,,, ( ),, (1),,,,,, [ 1A ] 1 1, [ 1C],,,, [ 2D ], [ 2D ], (2),,,, ;, [ 1 ] 1,,, [ 1 ], 1 1 ( 21111),,, ( ) ( 21112),?, (3),, [ 2A ], ( 21511) [ 3 ], ( ), ( 21512), (4),,, : [ A2 ], ( 21111),
4 : 105 [4 (5) ]234, :, ;,, ( 21511),, [ 1 ], 1,,,,, : [ 1 ]. [J ].,1999 : (5). [ 2 ]. [M].,,,. :,1985. [ 3 ] J. LYONS. Semantics[M]. Cambridge University Press,1981. [ 4 ]. [M]. :,1989. Preliminary Exploration of the Historical Development of the Meaning and Vocabulary System of Chinese Language Taking throw as an example J IANG Shao2yu ( Department of Chinese language and Literature, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China) Abstract : Vocabulary is a system and so are their meanings. Analyzing the meanings of words by taking conceptual elements analysis could get a better generalization of them, and clarify their relationship and historical development. Taking conceptual field as a background, investigating the changes of the words and their distribution in it in different historical periods is an effective method to study the historical development of vocabulary system. Key words : the system of the meaning of words ; vocabulary system ; conceptual elements ; conceptual field ; throw ( )