85 8 3 86 6 15
1 1 1 5 6 6 8 9 10 18 20
Conservation and genetics of Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl. of Tiawan Shong Huang Abstract The Yangmingshan National Park is one of the most floristically diverse areas in northern Taiwan. A monotypic deciduous tree, Bretschneidera sinensis with approximately 100 families of native plants occurred in the park. B. sinensis been reported as a non-endemic but rare species, occupying the fragmented forests. Population viability analysis was studied by means of both estimates of subpopulation survical rate and estimates of reproduction rates. High varition in these estimates was found among subpopulations and between the opposite-slope nurseries within populations. This result indicateed that selection imposed by microhabitat variations can cause a high degree of differentiation among sites over short distances. This study provides correlational evidence that selection can act via several different environmental factors such as humidity and light intensity, and the vital rates and growth rates among local populations can be due to the action of selection within population rather than among populations.
1. 2. (,1994) -1-
50 (Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl.), ( 1984)( ) ( 1986 Chaw & Peng 1987 1992 1992 1990 ) ( 1986 1990) (77 7030238A ), 1992 1990), ( 1990 1992),,, ( 1961 1992 1991),, -2-
, ( 1986 1984) (Tang 1935) ( 1986 Chaw & Peng 1987 Yang& Hu 1985) (Boufford et; al 1989); ( Tobe & Peng 1990), (1992), (1992) (1992) (Schaal 1975) (Endler 1973 Slatkin 1985 1987) (Wright 1946) 50 50-3-
1994 ( 1994) (F IS =0.226) (Wahlund effect) (Hedrick 1983) (1994) 5 12 4 0.14 0.19 0.12 0.05 0.32 0.20 0.13 0.06 0.18 0.09 1994 (1997 ) (1995) 6 ( P<0.5)( ) -4-
(1995) 1993 (HOT-2) HOT-1 HOT-Y 1993 HOT-1: 9.02 3.16;HOT-2:12.17 3.63; HOT-Y 10.93 3.93 1995 4 22.8 7.1; 38.2 13.5;20.1 5.9 (ANOVA) (HOT-1 v.s. HOT-2) ( ) (HOT-1 v.s. HOT-Y) 1996 1997 ; ;. 1993. 400 (200 ) (200 ) -5-
15cm. 1993 1997 ( ) ( ) 30% ( ) 1997 1997 11. (89% v.s. 75%)( ) 11.23% 3.39%( ) 1996 11.5% ( ) 53% ( ) -6-
( ) 15 19% (10 12%) (5 12%). 30% 75% 11.5% (Reciprocal transplantation) -7-
( ) 35% 1996 11.49% (103/902) 1993 75% -8-
(1997) ( 12 ) (1997) 2001 ( ) ( ), -9-
1993 ++++ ++++ 1994 + + 1995 +++ + 1996 ++ 1997 ++++ ++++ ++++ 90 +++ 50 ~ 90 ++ 20 ~ 50 + 200 200 89 75 11.32 3.3 (20/178) (5/150) 10.78 11.60 (1993~1994) ±3.55 ±4.16
I. A B C 58 54 56 49 (0.84) 43 (0.80) 49 (0.88) 39 (0.67) 18 (0.33) 37 (0.66) (cm) 17.87±7.22 16.17±5.22 14.27±5.20 Π. 1997 5 A B C D 94 26 37 22 11 96 15 30 20 0 97 --- 25 18 58 68 82 0 93 12.1±4.5 (17%) 95 39.5±14.4 (10%) 96 121.7±43.2 (5%) 9.0±2.9 (19%) 24.6±6.5 (10%) 37.1±11.4 (9%) 97 --- 50.2±17.5 (8%) 93-95 27.5±12.3 (13%) 15.6±6.5 (16%) 12.5±9.9 (25%) 95-96 82.2±37 (7%) 96-97 --- 15.0±12.4 (23%) 11.6±3.8 (17%) 20.3±5.6 (12%) 29.1±11.5 (12%) 38.1±15.5 (10%) 8.73±5.4 (27%) 8.72±6.9 (30%) 8.69±5.1 (26%) 11.3±2.8 (15%)
A Ho-N B Ho-S C Ho-Y D Ho-D CV=S / X.
r = 0.8
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 Y-6 Y-12 Y-31 Y-39 n 12 15 8 7 8 56 20 2 12 Fr% 0.221 0.288 0.407 0.331 0.258 0.244 0.298 0.219 0.399 0.065 0.135 0.157 0.100 0.131 0.120 0.160 0.133 0.196 0.600 0.600 0.500 0.500 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.000 H-A1 H-A2 H-A3 H-A4 H-A5 Y-6 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.000 Y-12 Y-31 Y-39 Mean Fr% m+s m-s Mean + Fr =0.296+0.069 Fr = /
1984 34(1) 1961 12(4): 96-108 1986 19(1):115-119 1986 8(4):441-450 1990 1992 1992 1991 1992 1994 37:49-67 Boufford. D.E., A. Kjar, J. Ogaard Madsen and T. Skrydstrup. 1989. Glucosinolates in Bretschneideraceae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 17:375-379.
Chaw, S.-M. and C.-I. Peng. 1987. Palynological notes on Bretschneiders sinensis Hemsl. Bot. Bull. Academia Sinica 28:55-60. -18-
Endler, J.A. 1973. Gene flow and population differentiation. Science 179: 243-250. Flint, H.L. 1972. Cold hardiness of twigs of Quercus rubra L. as a function of geographical origin. Ecology 53: 1163-1170. Hedrick, P.W. 1983. Genetic of populations. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Schaal, B.A. 1975. Population structure and local differentiation in Liastris cylindracea. Amer. Natur. 109: 511-528. Slatkin, M. 1985. Gene flow in natural populations. Ann. Rev. Evol. Syst. 16: 393-430. -----. 1987. Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural population. Science 239: 787-792. Tang, Y. 1935. Notes on the systematic position of Bretschneidera sineneis as shown by its timber anatomy. Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol. 6:153-159. Tobe, H. and C. -I. Peng. 1990. The embryology and Taxonomic relationships of Bretschneidera (Bretschneideraceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 103: 139-152. Wright, S. 1946. Isolation by distance under diverse systems of mating. Genetics 31: 39-59. Yang, D. Q. and C.M. Hu. 1985. the chromosomes of Bretschneidera Hemsl. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 347-349. -19-
Bretschneidera sinensis Heml. 20 30 1981 1. 2. 3. -- 4. -- -20-