1 (Diodes) 2 (Thyristors) 3 (Controllable Switches) A. (BJT) B. (MOSFET) C. (GTO) D. (IGBT) 1
6.1(a) 6.1(b) 1 6.1(c) i D i D A i D + v D K V rated I 0 V F (I) v D 0 v D 2
i D 0 t rr Q rr t 1 (Schottky 0.3 50100 I RM 2 (Fast-Recovery) 3 (Line-Frequency) 3
6.3(a) 6.3(b) (A) (K) ( 13 ) 6.3(b) 6.3(c) G ig i A A K + v AK i A On-state Off-to-on Off-state v AK 0 i A 0 On-state Off-to-on 4 v AK
6.4(a) t=t/2 6.4(b) + v S R i G i A + v AK 0 0 v AK ia v S i A T/2 T t i A 0 v AK t rr t 0 t 6.4(c) t q t q t q 5
1 (Phase-Control) / 4000 50007000 1000 0.5 50007000 3 (Inverter-Grade) 2500 /1500 3 (Light-Activated) 40003000 2 (GATTs) (ASCRs) (CRTs) 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (dv/dt) (di/dt) 7
(BJT) NPNBJT 6.7(a) 6.7(b) B CE (Base) (Collector) (Emitter) I B >I C / h FE h FE BJT 12 BJT 6.7(c) 8
BJT BJTh FE 510 6.8 BJT 9
(MOSFET) N MOSFET 6.9(a) 6.9(b) GDS (Gate) (Drian) (Sourse) 6.9(c) - V GS(th) 10
(GTO) GTO 6.10(a) 6.10(b) G AK (Gate) (Anode) (Cathode) - GTO 6.10(c) 11
(IGBT) IGBT 6.12(a) 6.12(b) MOSFET IGBT BJT IGBT 1000 23 GTO IGBT IGBT IGBT 6.12(c) 12
(MOS-Controlled Thyristors, MCT) MCT 6.13(a) 6.13(b) MCT 6.13(a) P-MCTN-MCT MCT GTO MCT IGBT MOSFET 13
(Intelligent Power Module, IPM) IGBT IGBT IGBT IGBT IPM BJT/MD MOSFET GTO IGBT MCT 14
6.14 1 (step-down buck) 2 (step-up boost) 3 (step-down/step-up buck-boost) 4 15
6.15(a) 6.15(b) v o V o (t on t off ) (Pulse-Width Modulation PWM) T s (= t on +t off ) V o v o V o t on T s t off V o t 16
6.16(a) V o ( ) + v control T s v st V o v control v st v st = 6.16(b) $ v st V st On T s (Duty Ratio)D=t on /T s =v control /V st V st V o ( ) - v st v control 0 t t on T s Off toff On ( f s = 1 ) T s Off 17 ( ) v > control v st v control < v st
6.15(a) 6.15(b) V o 1 1 s 0 dτ) Ts ton T = vo ( τ) dτ = ( Vdd + t Ts T τ 0 0 s on = t T on s V d = DV d v o V o t on T s t off V o t 18
6.19 (Regenerative Breaking) i o i L L + + _ + v L C R - V o 19
6.20 V d t on + d o off ( V V ) t = 0 v L ( ) T s i L ( Vd Vo ) V V o d = T t s off 1 = 1 D P d = I d P o =V o I o I I o d = ( 1 D) i L v L t on V o T s toff I L i L vl 20 V o
V V o d D = 1 D D i d v L L i L C V o R i o 21
(DC/AC) (Inveter) 6.22 22
(Voltage Source InverterVSI) (Current Source InverterCSI) 1 (PWM) 2 (Square-Wave) 3 (Voltage Cancellation) 23
6.24(a) v o ( ) i o v o 6.24(b) 13 v o i o P o =v o i o 24 v o i o P o 6.24(a) v o i o i o i d i o v o 0 4 1 2 3 t v o 24
2 _ o T A+ A D A+ i o v control v tri 2 _ T A o N v D AN A 1 f s 6.26(a) v control v tri ( ) V tri f s f s v control ( ) f 1 m a =V control / V tri V control v control m f = f s / f 1 25
6.25 i o v v control control 1 > v tri T A+ vao = V 2 1 < v tri T A vao = V 2 d d 2 _ o 2 _ T A+ T A A o N D A+ i o v D AN A /2- /2 6.26(b) m a =0.8 m f =15 v Ao ( ) v Ao v Ao = ( v Ao ) 1 v control v tri 2 2 t 1 f s v control < v tri T : on, T : off A A+ v control t > v tri T : on, T : off A+ A 26
6.27 i d _ 2 2 o T A+ T A A D A+ D A o N T B+ B T B D B+ D B i o vo = v Ao vbo _ 27
v o v o1 v control v tri 1 f s (T A+,T B- )(T A-,T B+ ) v tri v control t AB ( vcontrol) T on B + > v tri v > control v tri T on A + ( vcontrol) v o ( = van vbn) v o1 t 28
i d T A + D A+ T B + o T 2 A D 120 A T B 2 D B + D B T C+ T C D C + D C vtri v control, A v controlb, v control, C v AN v AB = v AN v BN v LL1 v BN 29